tuber culosis presentation for pharmacy students
DESCRIPTION
tuber culosis t.b. diseases presentation for colleges, about t.b. how to cure and all about t.b. pharmacy final yearTRANSCRIPT
APARNA GAUTAM MR. TARANI PRAKASH SHRIVASTAVA B.PHARMACY 7th SEMESTER 0169py101008
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOTHERAPY
OF TUBERCULOSIS
PEOPLE’S INSTITUTE OFPHARMACY & RESEARCH CENTRE
Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, is a major cause of death worldwide.
This disease, which is caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex affects the lungs .
Other organs are involved in up to one-third of cases.
Transmission usually takes place through the airborne spread of droplet nuclei produced by patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis.
INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial infection that can spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your body. It is most often found in the lungs. Most people who are exposed to TB never develop symptoms because the bacteria can live in an inactive form in the body.
In their active state, TB bacteria cause death of tissue in the organs they infect. Active TB disease can be fatal if left untreated.
TUBERCULOSIS
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is bacteria that that attack your lungs. It is a potentially deadly disease, but it is curable if you get medical help right away and follow your doctor’s instructions.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by tuberculosis bacteria that have spread beyond the lungs.
Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Only people who have active TB infections can spread the TB bacteria;
TB is spread mainly through the air. When infectious people cough, sneeze, talk, laugh or spit, droplets containing bacteria are sprayed into the air.
Transmission usually occurs only after substantial exposure to someone with active TB.
CAUSES OF TUBERCULOSIS
BIOLOGY OF PATHOGEN
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogenic bacterial species in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis (TB).
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a non-motile and rod shaped
The generation time of M. tuberculosis is 15-20 hours
It is an obligate aerobe and requires a host typically for growth and reproduction.
M. tuberculosis is gram-positive and nonspore-forming
There wall contains Mycolic Acid.
Symptoms of TB depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs. TB in the lungs may cause symptoms such as:
A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
Pain in the chest
Coughing up blood or sputum
Signs & Symptoms
Other symptoms of active TB disease are:
Weakness or fatigueWeight lossNo appetiteChills FeverNight sweatsConstant tiredness
Following are some Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis:
Heaf Test
The Monteux Test
Sputum Examination
Sputum culture
Chest Radiography
Diagonosis of Tuberculosis
First Line Drugs
•Isoniazide (INH)•Rifampicin (R)•Streptomycin (S)•Pyrazinamide (Z)•Ethambutol (E)
Second Line Drugs
•Thiacetazons (Tzn)•Para amino salicylic acid (PAS)•Ethionamide (Etm)•Cycloserine (Cys)
Anti-Tuberculer Drugs
DOTS, is the name given to the World Health Organization-recommended tuberculosis control strategy.
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DOT helps patients finish TB therapy as quickly as possible, without unnecessary gaps.
DOT helps prevent TB from spreading to others.
DOT decreases the risk of drug-resistance resulting from erratic or incomplete treatment.
DOT decreases the chances of treatment failure and relapse.
Direct Observed Therapy (DOT)
DOT includes:Delivering the prescribed medication
Checking for side effects
Watching the patient swallow the medication
Documenting the visit
Answering questions
This study was aimed to review one the most spreading epidemic disease Tuberculosis.
From this study it can be concluded that Tuberculosis is the disease which is mostly spreading in developing countries
Most important reasons for its spread include lack of awareness and incomplete or missed treatment.
Even though TB is an infectious disease it is curable if proper treatment and care are given.
Prophylactics measurement should be taken in order to prevent spread of the epidemic infection.
However there is much need for planning an exhaustive review in this regard.
CONCLUSION