tuesday 31 january 2012 – morning - groby...

Tuesday 31 January 2012 – MorningGCSE GATEWAY SCIENCEADDITIONAL SCIENCE B

B624/01 Unit 2 Modules B4 C4 P4 (Foundation Tier)

F

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.

• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer all the questions.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting

your answer.• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be

used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).

• Do not write in the bar codes.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

• A list of physics equations is printed on page two.• The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.• The total number of marks for this paper is 60.• This document consists of 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

* B 6 2 4 0 1 *

OCR is an exempt CharityTurn over

© OCR 2012 [R/103/4261]DC (CW/SW) 44079/5

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.A calculator may be used for this paper.

OCR supplied materials:None

Other materials required:• Pencil• Ruler (cm/mm)

THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION

*B620770112*

Duration: 1 hour

2

© OCR 2012

EQUATIONS

speed = distancetime taken

acceleration = change in speedtime taken

force = mass × acceleration

work done = force × distance

power = work donetime

resistance = voltagecurrent

3

Turn over© OCR 2012

BLANK PAGE

Question 1 begins on page 4.

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

4

© OCR 2012

Answer all the questions.

Section A – Module B4

1 This question is about decay and food preservation.

Apricots are fruits.

Apricots decay when bacteria and fungi feed on them.

(a) The graph shows the growth of bacteria at 25°C.

00 5 10

time in hours

numberof

bacteriain

1000sper cm3

15 20

20

40

60

80

100

(i) How many times bigger is the number of bacteria after 15 hours compared to the number of bacteria after 10 hours?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) The temperature affects the rate of decay.

If the temperature was changed from 25°C to 30°C, would the new line plotted be

• above

• below

• on the same line

as the line already plotted?

answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Apricots can be preserved by drying them.

Complete the sentences.

Drying apricots removes ........................................ from the fruit.

This preserves the fruit by ........................................ the rate of decay. [2]

(c) Farmers can use pesticides to prevent apricots decaying.

Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements.

insecticides kill fungi that cause decay

fungicides kill fungi that cause decay

herbicides kill fungi that cause decay

pesticides are used in intensive farming

pesticides are used in organic farming [2]

[Total: 6]

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2 Look at the diagram of cells found in a plant leaf.

stomatalaperture

guard cells

part X

(a) (i) Part X contains a green substance called chlorophyll.

Write down the name of part X.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The stomatal aperture is a hole in the leaf.

Why are stomata important for photosynthesis?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) (i) Water moves through the stomata during transpiration.

How does water pass through the stomata during transpiration?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Look at the graph.

00:00 08:0004:00 16:0012:00

time in hours

lightintensity transpiration

rate

24:0020:00

lightintensity

transpirationrate

Describe in detail how light intensity affects the rate of transpiration.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Transpiration moves water containing phosphates from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Explain why plants need phosphates.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) When plants die they decay and important elements are recycled.

Nitrates contain an important element that is recycled.

Write down the name of this element.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

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© OCR 2012

3 Look at the picture. It shows one way of keeping chickens.

(a) What name is given to this type of farming?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Look at the food chain.

It shows the biomass at each stage.

wheat chickens humans

biomass in kg 360 120 60

A pyramid of biomass can be drawn to describe this food chain.

Finish the pyramid of biomass to include the chickens and the humans.

Make sure the bars are drawn to scale and labelled.

The bar for wheat has been drawn for you.

wheat

[2]

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(c) Humans produce sewage.

What organisms break down sewage?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Read the information.

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is currently a significant pest in the poultry industry.

A predator of poultry red mites is another mite called Hypoaspis aculeifer.

Describe how the poultry red mite pest could be controlled using Hypoaspis aculeifer.

In your answer you need to write about

• the name for this type of pest control

• how the pest is controlled

• where it is best to use this type of pest control.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 7]

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© OCR 2012

Section B – Module C4

4 Colin grows vegetables in his garden.

He uses fertiliser to increase his crop yield.

The fertiliser contains ammonium phosphate.

FERTILISER

ammoniumphosphate

(a) (i) Ammonium phosphate has the formula (NH4)3PO4.

Write down the number of elements in this formula.

The Periodic Table on the back page may help you.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What is the total number of atoms in the formula (NH4)3PO4?

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Ammonium phosphate is made by reacting phosphoric acid with an alkali.

(i) Write down the name of this alkali.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) What type of reaction happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?

Choose from the list.

chlorination

electrolysis

neutralisation

precipitation

answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

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5 Aspirin is a commonly used medicine.

Medicines are speciality chemicals.

One of the factors that affects the cost of making medicines is research and testing.

Write about two other factors that affect the cost of making a medicine.

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

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© OCR 2012

6 This question is about ammonia.

(a) Jodie finds out that ammonia is made in a factory for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

What is the name given to this type of process?

Choose from this list.

batch

continuous

cracking

neutralisation

answer ................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Ammonia is made in the Haber process.

450°C

A

The diagram shows how ammonia is made in the Haber process.

(i) Hydrogen comes from natural gas.

Nitrogen comes from raw material A.

Write down the name of raw material A.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write down the word equation for the reaction in the Haber process.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) This reaction is reversible.

Explain what is meant by a reversible reaction.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iv) Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of ammonia, NH3.

The relative atomic mass, Ar , of H is 1 and of N is 14.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

answer ................................................ [1]

(c) The table shows the percentage yield of ammonia made at different temperatures and pressures.

pressure in atmospheres

percentage yield at 350°C



100 16 12 6

200 30 22 12

300 40 28 16

400 50 36 20

500 56 42 24

How does the percentage yield of ammonia change as the temperature increases?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]

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© OCR 2012

7 Look at the picture of a polluted river.

This river flows into a reservoir.

The water must be purified before being used as drinking water.

(a) (i) One of the purification processes is called chlorination.

Explain why drinking water is chlorinated.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The drinking water may still contain very small amounts of pollutants.

One of these pollutants is nitrate fertiliser.

Write down the name of another pollutant which may be found in drinking water.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) Cheryl analyses a sample of water to find the mass of chloride ions present.

(i) She mixes the water with silver nitrate solution.

A coloured precipitate of insoluble silver chloride forms.

Write down the colour of this precipitate.

Choose from this list.

blue cream white yellow

answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Cheryl predicts she should make 0.72 g of silver chloride.

She actually makes 0.24 g of silver chloride.

Calculate her percentage yield.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

percentage yield = .............................................% [2]

[Total: 5]

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© OCR 2012

BLANK PAGE


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8 This question is about diamond and graphite.

graphitediamond

(a) Diamond and graphite are two forms of the same element.

Write down the name of this element.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Look at the table.

It lists some of the properties of diamond and graphite.

diamond graphite

colourless black

hard soft

insoluble in water insoluble in water

does not conduct electricity conducts electricity

high melting point high melting point

(i) Diamond has properties which make it suitable for use in cutting tools.

Write down one of these properties.

Choose from the table.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Graphite is soft and conducts electricity.

One use for graphite is as an electrode.

Write down one other use for graphite.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

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© OCR 2012

Section C – Module P4

9 This question is about static electricity.

(a) Amy rubs an insulating rod with a duster.

The rod becomes positively charged.

Look at the picture.

Which sentence correctly describes what happens?

A Neutrons move from the duster to the rod.

B Electrons move from the rod to the duster.

C Protons move from the rod to the duster.

D Protons move from the duster to the rod.

Choose from A B C D

answer ................................................ [1]

(b) Static electricity can be useful.

Write down one use of static electricity.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(c) Amy gets an electric shock when she takes off her sweatshirt.

Describe how.

In your answer write about

• the material the sweatshirt is made from

• how she becomes charged

• why she gets a shock.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 5]

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© OCR 2012

10 This question is about electricity.

(a) Ben has an electric toaster.

It has a metal case.

Cathy says that Ben must make sure that the metal case is earthed.

Why must the case be earthed?

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Ben’s toaster is connected to the 230 V mains.

When the toaster is switched on, the current in the heating element is 4.6 A.

Calculate the resistance of the heating element.

The equations on page 2 may help you.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

answer ............................. ohms [2]

[Total: 3]

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11 The diagram shows a longitudinal wave.

(a) Longitudinal waves have certain features.

Complete the sentences by using the best words from this list.

The first one has been done for you.

amplitude

compression

frequency

rarefaction

wavelength

The maximum displacement of a particle in the wave is the amplitude.

The region of the wave where particles are close together is a ................................ .

The number of waves produced each second is the ................................ . [2]

(b) Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave.

Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the correct uses of ultrasound.

to break down kidney stones

to check people’s hearing

to look inside the body by scanning

to measure the speed of blood flow in the body

to measure the temperature of the body [2]

[Total: 4]

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© OCR 2012

12 Alpha, beta and gamma are three types of radioactive emission.

(a) Write down the part of the atom that emits alpha, beta and gamma.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Radioactive sources are used as tracers in the human body.

Look at the table of properties for different emitters.

type of emitter typical range in air in cm

typical range in human soft tissue in cm

alpha 3.7 0.000 5

beta 90 1.2

gamma 70 000 100

(i) Alpha emitters are not used as tracers in the human body, but gamma emitters are.

Explain why. Use the information in the table.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Write down another use for gamma radiation.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) X-rays are another type of radiation. They are used to take pictures of broken bones.

What do you call the person in a hospital who takes X-rays?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 5]

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© OCR 2012

13 Radioisotopes are used in industry. They are radioactive elements.

(a) How can materials be made radioactive?

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Industry uses radioisotopes as tracers.

Write down one example of how a tracer is used in industry.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) There is also radiation that occurs naturally in the environment.

What do scientists call this radiation?

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 3]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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© OCR 2012


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28

© OCR 2012

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209

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