tuesday sept. 30 steel; assemblies, foundations, columns, connections, decking wood solutions fair,...
TRANSCRIPT
Tuesday Sept. 30• Steel; assemblies, foundations , columns, connections, decking
• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb Galleria, Free!– register on web site :
http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx
• Field Trip –Thursday Oct. 2: 12:30Bus will be in front of gym. – Georgia Pacific in Madison, GA
• hard hats, eye and ear protection• clothing and shoe safety (leather shoes with rubber soles…..jeans /
pants….no shorts or skirts). Anyone with long, dangling jewelry will be asked to remove it. Same for dreadlocks or long, loose hair. No open-toed shoes. Everyone must wear long pants.
Structural Order
•Benefits of ordering system•Grids
•Simplify layout• increases repetitive elements
•Structural hierarchy •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking
•Grids•Simplify layout• increases repetitive elements
•Structural hierarchy •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking
SECONDARY
PRIMARY
Tertiary
primary frame assembly - column to footing- beam to column- beam to beam
Types of Steel Frame Construction AISC Type1 – rigid frame construction
(shear and moment connections)
AISC Type2 – simple frame construction
(only shear connections)
AISC Type3 – semi-rigid frame construction
(shear and some moment resistance)
Foundations
Site Grading
Soil Analysis
•Bearing capacity
•Water table
•Rock
1. Function of systems
2. Soil bearing capacity
3. Types of systems
4. Construction process
Foundation Systems
Foundation systems
transfer frame loads to the ground
Pile foundations developbearing capacity by sidewall friction
They must be driven in sets of three or more and cappedwith concrete
Common pile members aremade of:•Treated wood•Steel H sections•Concrete
Typically 20 – 30 ‘
Caissons are augured to depthsof 50 – 60 feet and greater insearch of high bearingcapacity such as bedrock
Diameters of 36” are common
Some are sleeved to preventcave-in
Caissons are filled with highstrength concrete
30’x30’ grid with a total load of 40 lbs. per sq. ft.
Assume soil bearing capacity to be 3000 psf
Size the footing
Steel Columns
Columns
•Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking
Column shapes
Base connection
Column splicing
Steel A Kit of Shapes.
Fireproofing Columns
Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Field TripOct. 2, 2008
Tuesday October 7(last day to withdraw)
• Steel; beams, web joists, decking, connections
• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb Galleria, Free!– register on web site :
http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx
• Field Trip –Thursday Oct. 30: Redeady Mix Concrete
Beams- Primary Members •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking
smaller beam insert
beam to columnmoment connection
Steel JoistsText: page 377-380
• Structural hierarchy – Primary: beams, columns
– Secondary: joists– Tertiary: decking
Open-Web Steel Joists–Small lightweight trusses
–Standardized
–Shop-fabricated
»http://www.quincyjoist.com/
Produced in 3 series
K-series ( most common) span up to 60’ – depth ranges from 8” to 30”
LH-series span up to 96’ – depth ranges from 18” to 48”longspan
DLH-series span up to 144’ – depth range from 52” to 72”deep longspan
Spacing between Open-Web Steel Joists typically ranges from 2’ to 10’.
Joist Girders: Heavier versions of steel joists that carry the loads off ends of joist framing members
Open web bar joist are used as secondary framing members forfloors and roof systems.
Lighter roof loads allowjoist to be spaced 4’ – 5’ oc. apart
Floor loads – 50 –100 psfrequire closer spacing of2’ oc.
Joist selection
Weight per linear ft. of span
The TOP figures in the table give the TOTAL safefactored uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, inpounds per linear foot.
The BOTTOM figures in this load table are the unfactorednominal LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will producean approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loadswhich will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may beobtained by multiplying the BOTTOM figures by 1.5. In no caseshall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded.
Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of theLoad Table, the row of bridging nearest the mid span shall bediagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords andintersections.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGINGNOTE: DO NOT WELD BRIDGING TO JOIST WEB MEMBERS.
DO NOT HANG ANY MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, ETC. FROM BRIDGING.
from Vulcraft Steel Joist Catalog www.vulcraft.com/downlds/catalogs/joistcat.pdf
Bridging distributes loads across framing system and resists overturning of joist.
Cross bridging is used on the end bays
Horizontal bridging is used across all joists for lateral support
horizontal bridging
cross bridging
Steel Decking
Steel Decking
Floor decking ( + concrete slab)
Composite decking (+ concrete slab)
Roof decking ( + insulation)
corrugated steel decking
Puddle welding of metal deck to structure below
edge angles to retain concrete pour
composite deck/beam construction
shear studswelded thru deck to beam below
composite deck/beam construction
composite deck/beam constructionto create strong shear connection between concrete slab and beam below deck
shear studwelded to beam
electric welding gunto attach shear studsto beam below
Coping on the top of flange to create a level surface for decking
3” Typical dimension between two steel beams to create a level floor surface
Steel Structure Rules of Thumb
Steel beam depth = 1/20 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth)
Steel girder depth = 1/15 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth)
Triangular steel roof trusses depth = 1/4 to 1/5 of span.
Rectangular trusses depth = 1/8 to 1/12 of span.
Open-web steel joists depth = 1/20 of span for heavily loaded floors or widely spaced joists.
depth =1/24 span for lightly loaded floors, closely spaced joists and roofs.
Typical joist spacing range 2’ - 10’
Steel column Add up the total roof and floor area supported by the column. A W8 supports up to 3000 sq ft. W14 25000 sq ft.
Corrugated steel roof decking depth of = 1/40 of the span (standard depth = 1”, 1 ½”, 2” and 4”)
Steel Connections• welding
• bolting
• riveting
Welding
Steel 5 Lecture
Bolting
tension control boltsload indicatorwashers
1
2
3
Ironworker tightening tension control bolts
Riveting
Shear Connection - Bolted
Moment Connection - Welded
1
2
3.1
Three Building Stabilization Methods against lateral forces of wind and earthquakes
3.2
SummaryBe aware of:
• Concerns that require sub-surface investigation
• Reasons for organizing a structural frame
• Function of foundation system / types of foundations
• Column shapes / base and top connections
• Beam shapes and connections
• Bar joist configuration and terms
• Bar joist layout and connections
• Decking types
• Steel Connections
Thursday October 9• Steel; Light Gauge Steel Framing• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb
Galleria, Free!– register on web site :
http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx
• Steel EXAM – Thursday Oct. 23
• Tuesday, October 28 2nd Review submittal of Learning by
Observation Book
• Field Trip Thursday Oct. 30: ReadyMix Concrete www.readymixusa.com/
Light Gauge Steel Framing
Light Gauge Steel Framing
Light Gauge Steel Framing
POSITIVES• Derived primarily from recycled steel• Easily recycled when demolished• Noncombustible• Does not warp, crook, bow• Not susceptible to humidity• No termite treatment needed• No decay• Light weight• Fast construction time (with skilled labor)• Slightly longer spans for joists and rafters
NEGATIVES• Reduction in wall R value (heat loss double the rate of wood)• Higher cost than wood framing
Methods of forming metals
•Hot rolling structural shapes
•Cold forming light gauge framing:
interior walls and partitions, suspended ceiling systems, fascias, parapets, back-up walls for exterior cladding, etc.
•Extrusion aluminum
Typical Assembly Details
Standard Accessories for Light Gauge Steel Framing
Preliminary Member Sizing
Rafters (horiz. projection) 1/24 x span ie. 24’ span requires a 12” member
Floor joist 1/20 x span
Interior load bearing studs
3 5/8” studs used up to 12’
6” studs up to 21’
8” studs up to 28’
Exterior load bearing supporting exterior finish system
3 5/8” studs used up to 10’
6” studs up to 17’
8” studs up to 22’
All members usually spaced 24” o.c.
Note: many web sites have span tables
Helpful Web Sites
Key words cold formed steel framing
light gauge steel framing
Web sites: dietrichindustries.com
buysuperstud.com
bmp-group.com
ryanslinks.com
Tuesday October 21• Wood Solutions Fair attendance• Drawing Lab Details• Steel EXAM – Thursday Oct. 23 2PM• Tuesday, October 28
2nd Review submittal of Learning by Observation Book (examples on
Website)
• Field Trip Thursday Oct. 30: Ready Mix Concrete Plant and testing lab in Woodstock, GA. (17.2 miles) Must have hard hats, long pants, closed toe work shoes. www.readymixusa.com/
• Concrete Lab November 6
Drawing Lab Details
• Open Web Joist Framing Plans• Open web joist bearing on steel framing• Open web joist bearing on concrete wall• Open web joist on steel framing with concrete deck and light
gauge steel framing of parapet and soffit• Light Gauge Steel framing roof framing (or truss) with overhang
at exterior bearing wall• Light Gauge Steel framing at roof ridge• Light Gauge Steel framing at aluminum storefront head showing
exterior soffit & interior ceiling• Composite slab/deck construction• Typical steel column to foundation connection
Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Tour Questions
• What mile radius do all the trees supplying this plant come from?
• How many acres of trees are harvested per day?• What is the primary species of wood used for the
plywood produced in this plant?• How many acres of forest land does Georgia-Pacific
own?• How many 18 wheeler flat bed trucks loaded with
plywood are produced each day on average?• It takes ____ times the energy to produce steel than
wood.
Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Tour Questions
• What mile radius do all the trees supplying this plant come from? 100 miles
• How many acres of trees are harvested per day?40 acres
• What is the primary species of wood used for the plywood produced in this plant? Southern Yellow Pine
• How many acres of forest land does Georgia-Pacific own?zero
• How many 18 wheeler flat bed trucks loaded with plywood are produced each day on average? 24 ( one per hour)
• It takes _24___ times the energy to produce steel than wood.
Fireproofing
Fireproofing Columns
concrete encasement cladding cladding
spray on encasement
Fireproofing Beams and Girders
Applying fireproofingTo structural frame
Two basic types ofSpray applied Fireproofing:•Cement base•Fiber base
Note overspray
Due next TuesdayLearning by Observation Submission Journal Evaluation and Grading Criteria
Number of sites visited Quality and number of analytical sketches and diagramsQuality and number of measured drawings and diagramsQuality and number of photographs Significance of documentation to learning experienceAdditional documentation and efforts that enhances the overall Journal presentation: Technical support data: Materials/product literature or samples from Sweets, product sources/web sites; Lowe’s, Home Depot, etc.A grade of “C” shall be awarded for work and Journals that meet the stated “minimum” requirements. Work and Journals that “exceed minimum” expectations shall be evaluated and awarded higher grades. Work and Journals that fall below minimum expectations shall receive lower grade evaluations.
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