tugas pak agung

8/17/2019 Tugas Pak Agung

1/28

STANDAR PERENCANAAN KETAHANAN GEMPAUNTUK JEMBATAN (SNI 2833 : 2008)

LJ D4 Bangunan G!ung 20"#

D$%u%un &' :

Anwar Romdloni 3115040604

Kurniadi Saputra 3115040636

LJ D4 BANGUNAN GEDUNG TEKNIK SIPILINSTITUT TEKNLGI SEPULUH NPEMBER

SURABA*A20"+


2/28

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Ruang Lingkup

S,an!a- $n$ .-u/aan .&!$1$a%$ !an /n$nauan u'ang SNI 032833"25

Ta,a 6a-a /-n6anaan ,aanan g./a un,u .7a,an a'an -aa !a'a. '$ngu/

a%/ %7aga$ 7-$u,:

9 %,-u,u- !a,a$' !an ,$!a !a,a$'

9 /-n6anaan !an /n'$,$an %$%.$ ,-a$,

9 ana'$%$% %$%.$ un,u .7a,an 7n,ang ,ungga' %!-ana !an .a.u

9 ana'$%$% $n,-a%$ 1&n!a%$ !an ,ana %$,a-na

9 ana'$%$% /-'nga/an /-',aan !a'a. .naan g-aan g./a

9 ana'$%$% /-',aan !ngan %$%,. $%&'a%$ !a%a- %7aga$ /-!a. g./a

9 /-$n%$/ ana'$%$% -$;aa, ;a,u

9 ana'$%$% %n!$ /'a%,$%

1.2 Istilah dan d!inisi

Ana'$%$% !$na.$% 6a-a /-n6anaan g./a .'a'u$ ana'$%$%

$n-a !$na.$% %,-u,u- %'a.a ,-a!$

g./a

K&1$%$n g./a 6a-a /-n6anaan g./a !$.ana 77an

g./a !$-aan %6a-a %,a,$% /a!a

%,-u,u-5 ../-,$.7angan a-a,-$%,$

g,a-an !a-$ a!aan 7a,a% 'a%,$% !an /'a%,$%

%,-u,u-


3/28

P-n6anaan !a,a$' 6a-a /-n6anaan g./a !$.ana 77an

g./a !$-aan %6a-a %,a,$% /a!a

%,-u,u-5 ../-,$.7angan !a,$'$,a% !an

ua,an !$na.$% !a-$ a!aan 7a,a% /'a%,$%

%,-u,u-

P-n6anaan $%&'a%$ g./a 6a-a /-n6anaan g./a !$.ana gaa

$n-%$a !$u-ang$ &' /-',aan !ngan

$%&'a%$ g./a5 un,u ../-/anang ;a,u

a'a.$ .7a,an %6uu/na5 !an un,u

.n$nga,an $n-a -!a.an


4/28

K&1$%$n g./a &-$=&n,a'

u$>a'n

&1$%$n g./a &-$=&n,a' ang !$/-&'

!ngan ../-,$.7angan 1a,&- !a,$'$,a%

$$n

L$u1a%$ 1n&.na -u%aan %,-u,u- ,ana 7$'a

'a/$%an ,ana /a%$- nu $'angan

ua,an g%- a-na .'&nana ,anan

a$- /&-$ a$7a, g-aan g./a

Panang !u!uan ,u./uan /anang ang !$7n,u /a!a uung g'aga-

!a'a. %$%,. /n6ga $'angan

,u./uan5 an,a-a uung g'aga- !an ,/$ a,a%

7angunan 7a;a5 un,u .n6ga g'aga-

7-/$n!a !a-$ ,/$ a,a% 7angunan 7a;a

;a'au/un ,-a!$ %$./angan -'a,$1 7%a-

ang ,$!a ,-!uga an,a-a 7angunan a,a% !an

7angunan 7a;a

Pnga-u g./a >a'ua%$ ,n$% !a-$ /nga-u g-aan

g./a /a!a .7a,an %/-,$ gaa $n-%$a5,anan ,ana5 ,anan a$-5 !an

'$u1a%$ !an /n7a-an 'a,-a' ang

!$gunaan !a'a. /-n6anaan g./a

P-$&! a'a.$ ?a,u g,a- a'a.$ !a-$ .7a,an ang

7-g,a- 77a%S/,-a -%/&n a%'-a%$ N$'a$ .a%$.u. !a-$ -%/&n a%'-a%$

un,u %$%,. !-aa, 77a%an ,ungga'!ngan ;a,u a'a.$ !an &n%,an,a ,-,n,u

a$7a, g-aan g./a %/%$1$ G./a >-,$a' P-6/a,an >-,$a' g-aan ,ana


5/28

BAB II

2.1 "ara Analisis tahan gmpa


6/28

T-!a/a, ./a, /-&%!u- ana'$%$% ('$a, Ga.7a- ")5 !$.ana prosdur 1 dan 2 %%ua$

un,u /-$,ungan ,angan !an !$gunaan un,u .7a,an 7-a,u-an ang ,-u,a.a 7-g,a- !a'a.

.&!a /-,a.a@ #rosdur 3 !a/a, !$,-a/an /a!a .7a,an ,$!a 7-a,u-an ang 7-g,a- !a'a.

77-a/a .&!a %$ngga !$/-'uan /-&g-a. ana'$%$% -anga -uang !ngan .a./uan

!$na.$% ('$a, Ta7' " !an Ta7' 2)@

#rosdur 4 !$/-'uan un,u %,-u,u- u,a.a !ngan g&.,-$ ang -u.$, !an a,au 7-!a,an

!ngan /a,aan g./a a,$1@

2.2 Ko!isin $sr dasar

C'a%,$% a!a'a &1$%$n g%- !a%a- ,an/a 1a,&- !a,$'$,a% !an -$%$& () ('$a, Ga.7a- 4)


7/28

Ga.7a- 4

C /'a%,$% a!a'a &1$%$n g%- !a%a- ,-.a%u 1a,&- !a,$'$,a% !an -$%$& () ('$a, Ga.7a- #)

A a!a'a /-6/a,ana%'-a%$ /un6a PGA !$ 7a,uan !a%a- (g) ('$a, Ta7' +)


8/28

R a!a'a -%/&n 7a,uan !a%a-

S a!a'a a./'$1$a%$ !$ /-.uaan %%ua$ ,$/ ,ana

a!a'a 1a,&- -!u%$ %u7ungan !a,$'$,a% !an -$%$& ('$a, Ga.7a- 3)@

K&1$%$n g%- !a%a- C 'a%,$% uga !a/a, !$,n,uan !ngan -u.u% 7-$u, :

A a!a'a a%'-a%$ /un6a !$ 7a,uan !a%a- (g) ('$a, Ta7' +)

T a!a'a /-$&!a a'a.$ %,-u,u- (!,$)

S a!a'a &1$%$n ,ana ('$a, Ta7' #)@


9/28

2.3 #rinsip analisis riwa%at waktu

a@ U.u.Ana'$%$% !$na.$% /-'u !$/-,$.7angan un,u ,$/ .7a,an !ngan $n-a -u.$,

%7aga$ 7-$u,:9 7n,ang u,a.a .'7$$ 200 .

9 .7a,an 1'%$7' !ngan /-$&! /anang ang .'7$$ "5# !,$9 .7a,an !ngan /$'a- ,$ngg$ ang .'7$$ 30 .− .7a,an /'ngung !ngan 'an,a$ !$ a,a%5 %,-u,u- a7' (6a7'%,a!)5

.7a,an gan,ung5 .7a,an ang .nggunaan $%&'a%$ !a%a-@ 7@ Ca-a ana'$%$% !$na.$%

Ca-a ang !$gunaan un,u ana'$%$% !$na.$% a!a'a 6a-a -%/&n %/,-a

7-!a%a-an ana'$%$% -$;aa, ;a,u !an ana'$%$% .&!a5 %-,a 6a-a $n,g-a' 'ang%ung

ang .nggunaan -u.u% /-g-aan equation of motion

S a!a'a A%'-a%$ g./a .a%uan (g)

6D a!a'a


10/28

2.5 #rumusan priod alami &m'atan

a@ Ru.u% /-$&! a'a.$

? a!a'a 7-a, 7angunan 7a;a .7a,an !an 7ag$an 7angunan a,a% ang !$/$u'

(,1) K a!a'a &n%,an,a auan (,1.)

g a!a'a g-a>$,a%$ (58 .%2)@

B$'a gaa ? 7-a !a'a. a-a &-$=&n,a'5 !1&-.a%$ %$./angan &-$=&n,a'

/a!a 7angunan a,a% .na!$ %7aga$ 7-$u,:

7@ Ca-a %/,-a' .&!a ,ungga'B$'a un$, g,a- -n6ana ,-!$-$ !a-$ %a,u 7angunan 7a;a !an 7ag$an 7angunan

a,a% ang !$!uungna5 /-$&! a'a.$ !$$,ung !ngan -u.u% ./$-$% 7-$u,:

T a!a'a /-$&! a'a.$ !a-$ un$, g,a- -n6ana (!,$)

a!a'a %$./angan /a!a !u!uan gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a%5 7$'a gaa %%ua$

80 7-a, 7angunan 7a;a !$a,a% /-.uaan ,ana un,u /-n6anaan ,aan

g./a !an 7-a, 7ag$an 7angunan a,a% ang !$/$u' &'na !$angga/ 7-a

!a'a. a-a gaa $n-%$a (.)

6@ Ca-a %/,-a' .&!a .a.u

B$'a un$, g,a- -n6ana ,-!$-$ !a-$ 77-a/a 7angunan 7a;a !an 7angunan a,a%

ang !$!uung &'na5 /-$&! a'a.$ !$$,ung !ngan -u.u% (+) !an -u.u% ()

7-$u,:


11/28

T a!a'a /-$&! a'a.$ !a-$ un$, g,a- -n6ana (!,$)

;(%) a!a'a 7-a, 7angunan a,a% !an 7angunan 7a;a /a!a !u!uan % (,1. a,au

N.)

u(%) a!a'a %$./angan /a!a !u!uan % !a'a. a-a -a gaa $n-%$a 7$'a gaa 'a,-a'

%%ua$ 7-a, 7angunan a,a% !an 7angunan 7a;a !$a,a% /-.uaan ,ana

un,u /-n6anaan ,aan g./a !$angga/ 7-a !a'a. a-a gaa $n-%$a (.)

F a!a'a 7-a-,$ $n,g-a%$ !a-$ %'u-u un$, g,a- -n6ana@

d. Analisis ‘eigen value’

P-$&! a'a.$ !an !1&-.a%$ !a/a, !$/-&' !ngan ana'$%$% $gn >a'u ang

,$!a au .n$./ang ,-a!a/ n$'a$ T !ngan ,&'-an%$ /-7!aan .a%$.u. 20

(7-!a%a-an Ru.u% + !an Ru.u% )@

2.6 (!ormasi &m'atan dngan intraksi !ondasi

a@ D1&-.a%$ .7a,an

/ a!a'a !1&-.a%$ 'n,u- !a-$ 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a (.)

0 a!a'a %$./angan 'a,-a' !a-$ 1&n!a%$ (.)

0 a!a'a %u!u, -&,a%$ !a-$ 1&n!a%$ (-a!$a')

0 a!a'a ,$ngg$ ,-a!a/ /-.uaan ,ana un,u gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% (.)

B$'a 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a ../una$ /na./ang %-aga.5 !1&-.a%$

'n,u- / !$,n,uan %7aga$ 7-$u,:

?U a!a'a 7-a, 7ag$an 7angunan a,a% ang !$/$u' &' 7angunan 7a;a

ang !$,$nau (,15 N)

?/ a!a'a 7-a, 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a (,15 N)


12/28

EI a!a'a auan 'n,u- 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a (,[email protected] a,au [email protected])

a!a'a ,$ngg$ !a-$ uung 7a;a 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a ,-a!a/

!u!uan gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% (.)

/ a!a'a ,$ngg$ 7a!an 7angunan 7a;a (.)@

7@ K&1$%$n -a%$ ,ana

H0 a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ ,ana !a%a- a-a &-$=&n,a' (g16.3)

0 a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ ,ana !a%a- a-a >-,$a' (g16.3)

ED a!a'a .&!u'u% !$na.$% !1&-.a%$ ,ana (g16.2)

D a!a'a -a%$& P&$%%&n !$na.$% ,ana ( 05305#)

GD a!a'a .&!u'u% g%- !$na.$% ,ana (g16.2)

, a!a'a 7-a, $%$ ,ana (,1.3)

g a!a'a /-6/a,an g-a>$,a%$ (58 .%2)

SD a!a'a 6/a,an g'&.7ang g%- 'a%,$% ,ana (.%)@

6@ In,-a%$ 1&n!a%$- In,-a%$ 1&n!a%$ 'ang%ung

SB a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ g%- ,ana /a!a !a%a- (,1.3)


13/28

> a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ >-,$a' ,ana /a!a !a%a- (,1.3)

>& a!a'a n$'a$ &1$%$n -a%$ >-,$a' ,ana !a%a- !a-$ -u.u% "4 (g16.3)

AB a!a'a 'ua% !a%a- 1&n!a%$ (.2)

A> a!a'a 'ua% !a%a- 1&n!a%$ (6.2) IB a!a'a .&.n $n-%$a (.4)

B> a!a'a '7a- 77an $>a'n !a-$ 1&n!a%$ (6.)

O a!a'a -a%$& &1$%$n -a%$ g%- ,ana SB ,-a!a/ &1$%$n -a%$

>-,$a' ,ana >@

-


14/28

'"5'25'3 a!a'a ,7a'an 'a/$%an ,ana /a!a %u.u-an

27 a!a'a '7a- %u.u-an (.)

AB a!a'a 'ua% !a%a- %u.u-an (.2)

AH a!a'a 'ua% 77an /-.uaan &-$=&n,a' (6.2)

BH a!a'a '7a- 77an /-.uaan $>a'n !a-$ !a%a- ,ga 'u-u% /a!a a-a

/.77anan (6.)

IB a!a'a .&.n $n-%$a !a%a- %u.u-an (.4)

H"5H25H3 a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ &-$=&n,a' 'a/$%an ,ana /a!a %u.u-an

(,1.3)

a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ >-,$a' ,ana !a%a- /a!a !a%a- %u.u-an (,1.3)

SB a!a'a &1$%$n -a%$ g%- &-$=&n,a' ,ana !a%a- /a!a !a%a- %u.u-an

(,1.3)@

-


15/28

' a!a'a /anang ,$ang (.)

a!a'a &1$%$n %%ua$ -u.u% 20 a,au 2"

- Tanan ,ana a$7a, g./a

PEA a!a'a ,anan ,ana a,$1 a$7a, g./a /a!a !a'a.an Q (,1.25N.2)

PEP a!a'a ,anan ,ana /a%$1 a$7a, g./a /a!a !a'a.an Q (,1.25N.2)

KEA a!a'a &1$%$n ,anan ,ana a,$1 a$7a, g./a


16/28

KEP a!a'a &1$%$n ,anan ,ana /a%$1 a$7a, g./a

a!a'a 7-a, $%$ ,ana (,1.35N.3)

Q a!a'a !a'a.an !$.ana ,anan ,ana PEA !an PEP 7-a /a!a /-.uaan

,.7& /naan (.)

6 a!a'a &%$ ,ana (,1.25N.2)

a!a'a 77an /a!a /-.uaan ,ana (,1.25N.2)

a!a'a %u!u, g%- ,ana (!-aa,)

a!a'a %u!u, .$-$ngan /-.uaan ,ana ,-a!a/ 7$!ang &-$=&n,a' (!-aa,)

a!a'a %u!u, an,a-a /-.uaan 7'aang ,.7& ,-a!a/ 7$!ang >-,$a'

(!-aa,)

E a!a'a %u!u, g%- /-.uaan 7'aang ,.7& !ngan ,ana (!-aa,)

& a!a'a ,an" (!-aa,) a!a'a &1$%$n g./a &-$=&n,a' %%ua$ /-a,u-an g./a@

2.) #rumusan ga%a inrsia

a@ Gaa $n-%$a .7a,an g'aga- %!-ana

gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /a'a .7a,an

9 7$'a /-',aan A$ ,,a/: HA A ?A

9 7$'a /-',aan A$ 7-g-a: HA 1A 5$ RA5 $ !$.ana 1A5 $ RA5 $

A ?A


17/28

gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a- .7a,an@

9 7$'a !ua /-',aan A a !an B$ ,,a/: HP A ?A V B ?B

9 7$'a /-',aan A a ,,a/ !an B$ 7-g-a5ang ,-7%a- !a-$: HPA?A

a,au HP A ?A1A5 $ RA5 $V1B $ RB5 $

!$.ana: 1A5 $ RA5 $ A ?A !an 1B5 $ R B5 $ B ?B

9 7$'a !ua /-',aan A a !an B $ 7-g-a: HP 1A5 a RA5 a V 1B5 a

RB5 a !$.ana: 1A5 a RA5 a A?A !an 1 B5 $ RB5 $ B ?B

Dngan /ng-,$an5

HA a!a'a gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /a'a .7a,an (,15 N)

HP a!a'a gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a- (,15 N)

?A a!a'a 77an .a,$ g'aga- A (,15 N)

?B a!a'a 77an .a,$ g'aga- B (,15 N)

RA5 $ a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /a'a .7a,an a$7a, ?A (,15 N)

RA5 a a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /$'a- a$7a, ?A (,15 N)

RB5 $ a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /$'a- a$7a, ?B (,15 N)

A a!a'a &1$%$n g./a 'a,-a' !a-$ un$, g,a- g'aga- A

B a!a'a &1$%$n g./a 'a,-a' !a-$ un$, g,a- g'aga- B

1A5 $ a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan A $ 7-g-a1A5 a a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan A a 7-g-a

1B5 $ a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan B $ 7-g-a

7@ Gaa $n-%$a .7a,an g'aga- .n-u%

Gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /a'a .7a,an


18/28

9 B$'a /-',aan A $ ,,a/ !an !ua /-',aan AC !an A a 7-g-a: HA A ?A

9 B$'a /-',aan A $ 7-g-a: HA 1A5 $ RA $ !$.ana 1A5 $ RA5 $ A5 $

Gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a- "

9 B$'a /-',aan AC ,,a/ !an !ua /-',aan A $ !an A a 7-g-a: HP" A ?A

9 B$'a /-',aan AC 7-g-a: HP" 1AC RAC !$.ana 1AC RAC A RAC

Gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a- 2@

9 B$'a !ua /-',aan A a !an B $ ,,a/ !an !ua /-',aan A $ !an AC 7-g-a : HP2 A ?A V B ?B

9 B$'a /-',aan A a ,,a/ !an A $5 AC5 B $ 7-g-a5 ang ,-7%a- !a-$:HP2A?A a,au HP2 A ?A 1A5 $ RA5 $ W 1AC RAC V 1B5 $ RB5 $

D$.ana: 1A5 $ RA5 $ A RA5 $ 5 1AC RAC A R AC !an 1B5 $ R B5 $B RB5 $

9 B$'a !ua /-',aan A a !an B $ 7-g-a: HP2 1A5 a RA5 a V 1B5 aRB5 a D$.ana: 1A5 a RA5 a ARA5 a !an 1 B5 $RB $ B RB5 $

!ngan /ng-,$an:

HA a!a'a gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /a'a .7a,an (,15 N)HP" a!a'a gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a-" (,15 N)HP2 a!a'a gaa $n-%$a 7angunan a,a% /a!a /$'a-2 (,15 N)?A a!a'a 77an .a,$ g'aga- A (,15 N)?B a!a'a 77an .a,$ g'aga- B (,15 N)RA5 $ a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /a'a .7a,an a$7a, ?A (,15 N)RAC a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /$'a- " a$7a, ?A (,15 N)RA5 a a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /$'a- 2 a$7a, ?B (,15 N)RB5 $ a!a'a -a%$ >-,$a' /a!a /$'a- 2 a$7a, ?B (,15 N)A a!a'a &1$%$n g./a 'a,-a' !a-$ un$, g,a- g'aga- AB a!a'a &1$%$n g./a 'a,-a' !a-$ un$, g,a- g'aga- B1A5 $ a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan A $ 7-g-a1AC a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan AC 7-g-a1A5 a a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan A a 7-g-a1B5 $ a!a'a &1$%$n g% 7$'a /-',aan B $ 7-g-a@


19/28

2.* #rn+anaan isolasi dasar

P-n6anaan $%&'a%$ !a%a- (7a% $%&'a,$&n) !$/-,$.7angan 7-!a%a-an /-$&!

a'a.$ .7a,an !an /nga-u /-ua,an $n-a /n-a/an n-g$ !a-$ !ua %g$5 a$,u

/a!a a!aan 7$a%a !an /a!a a!$an g./a@

2., #rlngkapan pnahan prltakana@ P-'nga/an /naan 7angunan a,a%

%,-u,u- ang .ngu7ungan 7angunan a,a% !an 7a;a ('$a, Ga.7a- 22@a)


20/28

%,-u,u- ,a.7aan%,&//- %7aga$ /naan 7angunan a,a% !an 7a;a ('$a, Ga.7a-

22@a)

%,-u,u- ang .ngu7ungan !ua -anga$an g'aga- 7angunan a,a% ('$a, Ga.7a- 22@7)

%,-u,u- /naan ,$!a 7&' .ngganggu 1ung%$ /-g-aan !an /-/u,a-an

/-',aan

%,-u,u- /naan .a./u 7-g-a !a'a. a-a .'$n,ang %u.7u .7a,an !a'a.

.naan gaa g./a

%,-u,u- /naan .u!a !$/-$%a !an !$/'$a-a@

7@ P-'nga/an /naan g-aan 7-'7$Perlengkapan penahan gerakan berlebih (lihat Gambar 23) mempunyai strukturberikut:


21/28

P-'nga/an /naan g-aan 7-'7$ a-u% !$/a%ang !a'a. a-a .'$n,ang

.7a,an /a!a /-',aan ,$/ A@ P-',aan ,$/ B ..-'uan /-'nga/an /naan

g-aan 7-'7$ !a'a. a-a .'$n,ang .7a,an un,u ,$/ .7a,an .$-$ng (%;)

!an .'ngung (u->a) ang !$/a%ang /a!a /a'a .7a,an5 %-,a un,u ,$/ g'aga-

.n-u% !$/a%ang /a!a /$'a- ,nga@

2.10 #rltakan

P-',aan .-u/aan 7ag$an /n,$ng !a'a. %,-u,u- .7a,an5 .ng$nga,

-u%aan /-',aan a$7a, g./a uga .n7a7an -u%aan /a!a 7angunan a,a% !an

7angunan 7a;a .7a,an@

P-n6anaan /-',aan .n6au/ !ua ,$/ %7aga$ 7-$u,:

/-',aan ,$/ A ang ..$u' gaa $n-%$a 7-%a.a !ngan /-'nga/an /naan ,

-a!a/ a,una 7angunan a,a%

/-',aan ,$/ B ang ..$u' gaa $n-%$a %6a-a .an!$-$5 a,au 7-%a.a !ngan$%&'a%$ !a%a-/-!a. g./a %&6 ,-an%.$%%$&n un$, '&6$ng un$, !>$6

Gaa %$%.$ -n6ana !$,n,uan %7aga$ 7-$u,:"@ gaa &-$=&n,a' /-',aan u.u.na .-u/aan gaa $n-%$a !a-$ /-$,ungan %,a,$%(/-&%!u- " !an /-&%!u- 2)

2@ gaa &-$=&n,a' /-',aan !ngan $%&'a%$ !a%a- a,au /-!a. g./a .-u/aan gaa$n-%$a !a-$ /-$,ungan !$na.$% (/-&%!u- 3 !an /-&%!u- 4)

2


22/28

3@ gaa >-,$a' /-',aan !a'a. a-a a,a% a,au 7a;a !$,n,uan !ngan -u.u%:

RL a!a'a gaa %$%.$ /-',aan !a'a. a-a 7a;a (,15 N)

RU a!a'a gaa %$%.$ /-',aan !a'a. a-a a,a% (,15 N)

(.$n$.a' 05" RD un,u ,$/ A !an .$n$.a' 053 RD un,u ,$/ B)

RD a!a'a gaa -a%$ 77an .a,$ 7angunan a,a%5 /&%$,$1 !a'a. a-a 7a;a

(,15 N)

RHEX a!a'a gaa -a%$ /-',aan a,a% !an 7a;a 7$'a gaa 'a,-a' !a-$

7u,$- a !an 7 !$a,a% 7-a !$ ,u./uan !a'a. a-a ,ga 'u-u% %u.7u .7a,an

(,15 N)

REX a!a'a gaa %$%.$ a,a% !an 7a;a (,15 N) a$7a, &1$%$n g./a

>-,$a' ang !$/-&' !a-$ -u.u%:

REX Y RD ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ@@@ZZZ@ (28)

a!a'a &1$%$n g./a >-,$a' ang !$/-&' !ngan .nga'$an &1$%$n

g./a &-$=&n,a' !ngan 1a,&- 05#0 W 05+ ( .$n$.a' 05"0) un,u ,$/ A !an

.$n$.a' 053 un,u ,$/ B@

2.11 #rdam gmpa -S/L/(

P-!a. g./a ang !$%7u, %&6 ,-an%.$%%$&n un$, (STU) a,au '&6$ng un$,

!>$6 (LUD) .ngu7ungan '.n %,-u,u- ang ,-/$%a aga- 77an g./a !$-!a.

!an !$%a'u-an /a!a %.ua /$'a- .7a,an@ U.u.na STULUD !$,./a,an

!$%a./$ng /-',aan 7-g-a /a!a /un6a /$'a- 77a%@ ('$a, Ga.7a- 2#)@


23/28

2.12 Sndi #lastis

J.7a,an a-u% !$!$.n%$ %6a-a /-&/&-%$&na' %$ngga %n!$ /'a%,$% ana ,-a!$

/a!a uunguung &'&. /$'a- !an ,$!a /a!a 7ag$an7ag$an ang %u'$, !$a;a%$

P-%a-a,an /-n6anaan !a'a. 7ag$an $n$ ana 7&' !$,-a/an /a!a /$'a-

.7a,an !ngan /&'a %n!$ %-u/a5 !ngan -a%$& !a-$ a-a an,a-a %n!$%n!$ (,$ngg$

&'&.) !$7ag$ &' !$.n%$ /na./ang .'$n,ang -'>an ('7a- &'&.) un,u %,$a/ !ua

/$'a- .7a,an ,$!a .'7$$ -a%$& 2 7an!$ng "@

a. #rn+anaan sndi plastis dalam 'ton struktural

Pnggunaan &'&. %$-u'a- !$anu-an a-na ../una$ a-a,-$%,$

!a,$'$,a% ang %anga, 7a$@ K&'&. /-%g$ a-u% ../una$ -a%$& an,a-a /anang

%$%$%$%$ ang ,$!a .'7$$ 2 7an!$ng "5 !an uu-an '7$ 7%a- 7-a!a !a'a. a-a

77an g./a@ D$.n%$ &'&. a!a'a .$n$.u. 400 ..@ D$n!$ng ang !$77an$!a'a. a-a ..anang a-u% !$-n6anaan %7aga$ %,-u,u- ,$!a !a,a$'@

Da-a %n!$ /'a%,$% !$ uunguung &'&. a-u% !$7-$ ,u'angan /ngang %/$-a'

a,au %ngang@ Pnu'angan .'$n,ang $n$ a-u% !$,-u%an !a'a. %ua,u a-a

,-a!a/ ,$,$ .&.n .a%$.u. !a'a. !a-a %n!$5 ang .-u/aan n$'a$ .a%$.u.

!a-$:

a) "5# a'$ !$a.,- &'&. a,au uu-an .a%$.u. /na./ang .'$n,ang

7) %/-na. ,$ngg$ 7-%$ &'&. 7$'a %n!$ ,-a!$ /a!a !ua uung &'&.

6) %/-./a, ,$ngg$ 7-%$ &'&. 7$'a %n!$ /'a%,$% ana ,-a!$ /a!a %a,u uung&'&.5

%/-,$ /$'a- an,$'>-

!) +00 ..@


24/28

Volume spiral atau sengkang sirkular tertutup ditentukan dari perbandingan sebagaiberikut:

!ngan /ng-,$an:

Ag a!a'a 'ua% /na./ang

A6 a!a'a 'ua% $n,$5 !$uu- ,-a!a/ ,/$ 'ua- %/$-a'

16 a!a'a ua, ,an a-a,-$%,$ %$'$n!- 7,&n (28 a-$)

1 a!a'a ua, '' ,u'angan /ng$a,@

Tu'angan %ngang 7-7n,u /-%g$ 7&' !$gunaan5 !an 'ua% ,u'angan !a'a.

,$a/ a-a u,a.a /n'$n,an g a!a'a n$'a$ ,-7%a- !a-$:

!ngan /ng-,$an :A% a!a'a u.'a 'ua% ,u'angan %ngang !an /ng$a, .'$n,ang ,a.7aan

% a!a'a a-a /u%a, /u%a, !a-$ %u%unan ,u'angan %ngang !an /ng$a,

6 a!a'a !$.n%$ $n,$ 7,&n !$uu- ,ga 'u-u% ,-a!a/ a-a ,u'angan %ngang

%a./a$,/$ 'ua- %ngang@

Ju.'a 'ua% ,u'angan /ng$a, .'$n,ang ang !$/-&' !a-$ Ru.u% 30 !an

Ru.u% 3" !$7a,a%$ &' "53 a'$ 'ua% ,u'angan g%- a,au -a%$& >&'u. ,u'angan "58@

Tu'angan /ng$a, .'$n,ang ,a.7aan5 a-u% ../una$ !$a.,- %a.a !ngan

%ngang !an a-u% ,-$a, !ngan a$, /a!a %ngang@ Ja-a /u%a, /u%a, !a-$ %u%unan

%ngang !an /ng$a, !a'a. !a-a %n!$ /'a%,$%5 ,$!a 7&' .'7$$ 200 .. a,au +

a'$ !$a.,- 7a,ang ..anang@


25/28

Ja-a /u%a, /u%a, an,a-a 7a,ang7a,ang ,u'angan ..anang ang !$u7ungan

!a'a. a-a .'$n,ang /na./ang5 ,$!a 7&' .'7$$ 300 ..@ T$a/ 7a,ang ..anang

a,au u./u'an 7a,ang5 a-u% !$!uung !a'a. a-a 'a,-a' &' ,u'angan %ngang a,au

/ng$a, .'$n,ang ,a.7aan@ *ang !$6ua'$an !a-$ /-%a-a,an $n$ a!a'a ang

7-$u,:

a) 7a,ang a,au u./u'an 7a,ang5 !$ an,a-a !ua 7a,ang a,au u./u'an 7a,ang ang

!$!uung &' %ngang ang %a.a5 !$.ana a-a an,a-a 7a,ang a,au u./u'an 7a,ang

ang !$!uung .'$n,ang ,$!a .'7$$ 200 ..

7) 7a,ang ,u'angan !a'a. $n,$ 7,&n5 !ngan a-a '7$ !a-$ # .. ,-a!a/ ,/$ !a'a.

!a-$ %ngang@

Gaa '' !a'a. 7a,ang %ngang a,au /ng$a, .'$n,ang ,a.7aan /a!aua,an '' ang !$%a-a,an5 15 a-u% /a'$ng %!$$, %a.a !ngan ""+ gaa ''

!a-$ 7a,ang a,au u./u'an 7a,ang ang !$!uungna ,-.a%u 7a,ang ang !$6ua'$an

!a-$ /-%a-a,an !uungan a-a .'$n,ang

Tu'angan /ng$a, a-u% .-u/aan %/$-a' .n-u% %/anang ,$ngg$

/ngangan a,au .-u/aan %ngang ,-,u,u/@ K&n,$nun$,a% ,u'angan /ng$a, !$7ua,

!ngan %a'a %a,u 6a-a /na.7ungan 7-$u,:

a) %a.7ungan ,u'angan !ngan 'a%5 /anang 'a% .$n$.u. "2 !$a.,- 7a,ang5 !an ,7a'

.$n$.u. '- 'a% %7%a- 054 a'$ !$a.,- 7a,ang5 a,au

7) %a.7ungan ,u'angan !ngan &>-'a/5 /anang /na'u-an .$n$.u. 30 !$a.,-

7a,ang !an ,$a/ uung 7a,ang ,-anga- &' a$, !ngan 'ngungan "3# !-aa, !an

/-/anangan "0 !$a.,- 7a,ang !a'a. $n,$ 7,&n@

Sngang /-%g$ a-u% !$,u,u/ &' a$, !ngan 'ngungan "3# !-aa, !an

/-/anangan"0 !$a.,- 7a,ang !a'a. $n,$ 7,&n@

Tu'angan u,a.a ..anang !a'a. &'&.5 a-u% .-u/aan 7aa %,-u,u-a'

!ngan ua, '' .a%$.u. 3"0 MPa5 aga- ,-a.$n !a,$'$,a% ang 7a$@ Pnu'angan

u,a.a a-u% ,-!$-$ !a-$ 7a,ang !1&-.@ Tu'angan ..anang &'&. a-u% .$n$.u.

058 !an .a%$.u. + ,-a!a/ >&'u. $n,$ 7,&n5 %-,a .a%$.u. 8 !a'a. !a-a


26/28

%a.7ungan ,u'angan@ D$ 'ua- '&a%$ %n!$5 a-a an,a-a ,u'angan g%- ,$!a 7&'

.'7$$ %,nga uu-an .$n$.u. /na./ang .'$n,ang5 a,au 300 ..@

'. #rn+anaan sndi plastis dalam 'a&a struktural

Da'a. !a-a %n!$ /'a%,$% !a-$ &'&.5 ,gangan a$7a, 77an a%$a' !an g%-

a-u% !$ga7ung %!.$$an aga- ..nu$ ang 7-$u, :

P& a!a'a 77an a%$a' !a'a. &'&.5 ,-.a%u 77an gu'$ng /a!a a!aan

ua,an '7$ (&>-%,-ng,)A% a!a'a 'ua% /na./ang .'$n,ang !a-$ &./&nn 7aa

A; a!a'a 'ua% /na./ang .'$n,ang !a-$ 7a!an !a-$ &./&nn 7aa

1 a!a'a ,gangan '' 7aa

; a!a'a g%- !a'a. 7a!an &'&. ang !$,n,uan !a-$ ua,an '7$

/a!a %n!$ /'a%,$%@

+. #rn+anaan Kkuatan l'ih

P-&%% /-n6anaan %,-u,u- !$an,a-a %n!$ /'a%,$% !$na' %7aga$ /-n6anaan

ua,an '7$@ Ha' $n$ a-u% !$/-a,$an &' /-n6ana aga- ,$!a ,-!a/a, ,$,$

'.a !$ 'ua- '&a%$ %n!$ /'a%,$%@


27/28

K-un,uan /a'$ng u.u. ,-a!$ !a'a. &'&.&'&. ang !$%7a7an &'

-un,uan g%- a,au -un,uan %n!$ /'a%,$%5 a,au &' /na'u-an .&.n

%n!$ /'a%,$% !a'a. 7angunan a,a% !an 7angunan 7a;a@


28/28

!$-n6anaan aga- .naan gaa a%$a'5 'n,u- !an g%- !a-$ &./&nn ang

!$u7ungan

tugas pak agung

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