Tumors and Cancer

• Neoplasms: abnormal growth of cells– AKA: Tumors

2 types1. benign – remain localized

2. Malignant – tumors spread to other regions of the body = CANCER

Cancer cells

• Not encapsulated• Fall away from original neoplasms• Can start new tumors in other parts of the

body, usually migrating using lymph vessels– Metastasis– Can also invade surrounding tissue and replace

part of vital organ

Benign Tumors from Epithelial

Papilloma – wart like extensionsAdenomaNevus – small pigmented

Benign from connective

• Lipoma – adipose• Osteoma – bone• Chondroma - cartilage

Malignant from epithelial

• Melanoma – melanocytes – skin• Adenocarcinoma – glandular epithelium

Malignant from connective

• Lymphoma – cancer of lymphatic tissue• Osteosarcoma – bone tissue• Myeloma – bone marrow tumor• Fibrosarcoma – involving fibrous connective

tissue

Causes of cancer

• Mistake in cell division1. Genetic factors – oncogenes2. Carcinogens – affect genetic activity,

mutagens3. Age4. Environment5. Viruses - hpv

Pathogenesis of cancer

• Self – examination• Diagnostic imaging• Biopsy• Blood test– Prognosis – statement of probable outcome– Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation

therapy, laser therapy andimmunotherapy