TUNGAG WORD LIST

Lesley and Marianne Fast Summer Institute of Linguistics

September 1989

Introduction

We have collected and classified these words for two main reasons:

1) to make available to whoever is interested a list of Tungag words

2) to help us better understand the Tungag language and culture

We welcome any suggestions that would improve the classification, as well as additions and corrections from Tungag speakers. Our desire is for this 1 ist to reflect as accurately as possible the Tungag world view.

The orthography used in this word list differs slightly from the popular one. We use it for personal reasons to help us distinguish between words. Place names, however 7 are spelled conventionally.

The most obvious thing to us about this word list is the number of things and concepts we do not know yet. However we trust that many of these missing words will yet become part of our speech and thought as we live and work with our Tungag friends.

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Semantic Outline t:•f Tunga.q l~o.lor·d Li-:.t

(.:~NIMALS

PLANTS

PEOPLE

PLACE!:>

Gener-·a 1 Land Anima 1 !::; Fish Insects f.~)hel 1 s Birds

Hum.:u·1 and Sp i r·· it Body P ar~t s Bodi 1 y Intake Bodily Excretions Kinship Social Interaction Food Dr~ess

t'lak i ng .:~ U. vi ng Tools f.-ltructures Feasts and Customs

Spatial Terms Geographical Terms F'"l act.::- Names

LAND, SEA, SKY

I"IOTICJN

Bodily Movement Carrying and Moving Objects Movement of Non-living Things Motion Particles Stationary Actions

ACTIONS THAT CHANGE AN OBJECT

DESCRIPTIONS

Physical Features of Things Colours !::)ounds Natural Phenomena

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MENTAL PROCESSES

Thought Processes Emotions Oral Expression Exclamations Question Words Perceptions Bad Actions

ABSTRACTIONS

General Numerals Quantity Time Words

REFERENCE WORDS

Object Pronouns Subject Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Person Marking in Verb Phrase

GRAMMATICAL

Particles Conjunctions Aspect

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ANIMALS

Gener·a.l

avus - medt natnat - of·f"spring

Land An ima.l s

gtak - kind (...,f. frog ktauvek - dog kene - sndke kiruk, vokiruk - sm<illl gecco mtanmnnik - dnt_, dnimdl mnsflmnsn - kind of· animal orongo - cuscus pakau - frog generic pukangkarau - large green gecco purn - chicken ttavun - kind of· 1 i zard vn 1 ukn - wa !lab ..... · voi - rat vongo - pig

atin - tuna fish gta - kind of· of sma I 1 f"i sh ien - f"ish i nnvu - sardine kaon - tor t(...,i se karkar - jelly fish ko - kind of" f"i sh lirnngta- kind of fish rna 1 i Sfl - kind of f"i sh on - tur tie tflutnum - school of fish un in - crocodi 1 e veui\ - shark vukfl tn - kind of" fish vukul - kind of· fish

I n ·:.ec t s

ingtaingfl - mosquito kurengreng - dragonf· l .Y lang - f"l..v lingoi- kind of· ant ngut - 1 ice piringtas - l<ilrge black ant

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Shell~-

alma.ng - kind of· cr.:~b

atnlungn - kind of shell giem - shell (generic) gumis - kind of· shell i nnngun - she II mt.."~ne _ _.... .. knlvut - kind of· shell knru 1 e - sm.:~ II cr.:~b kntu - kind of· shell kai kai - ten t.:~c I e kang - kind of· shell kap - lime kasnng - half of crab koko - kind t.."~f- shell 1 nngn - kind of shell 1 ei - kind of· shell mosong - kind of· shell muin - kind of" shell ngnkum - cr.:~b (generic) pnkpnk - kind of· shell sa 1 sa 1 - kind of" shell sang - kind of· shell sap i - kind of· shell sunge - mossel tnungai - conch shell t i vokorong - kind of· shell tuas - kind of shell vubungai - kind of· shell vut - kind of shell

Birds

i nngn - kind of· bird kntui - egg kanai - seagu II kik - kind of· bird kol - r.:~ven mnni - bird (generic) rna 1 i kom - f"l ..... ··ing fox mar - kind of bird niuk - nest pato - duck ris - kind of· bird tting - nest uk - dt.."~<le

vokol - kind of long be.:~ked bird

c:-

·-·

PLANTS

agn - 1 t?d f. bd s.t? aknng - s.prou t a.l a - 1 t?d f. of· kdndd <.J i nt? a 1 e 1 engkoi ng - f-1 oto~~t?rp I dn t angus - vint? arnn - pldnt (lt?dVt?S. us.t?d f"or Wt?dving .. >

asnngn - kind of trt?t? a.tnn - kind of nut trt?t? a. tn tnng - dri f··twood bo 1 - dr . .v coconut ei , i ei - trt?t? eimis - kind of trt?t? ev - kind of vint? go - drifting wood or rubbi s.h,, t?pi I t?p tic fit guava - gudVd i 1 - kind of 1 imbung i tes - kind of· trt?t? it i ng - bdndnd bunch itno- top bunch of· bdndnds. in d s.tdlk knl upn - t?mbt?r knrn - kind of· wild grdS.S. knr i u - bdmboo kntnp - kind of· trt?t? knvi - coconut s.ht?ll kalisong- chdrCodl kanges - kind of vint? kat - kind of· trt?t? kereng - S.dgo 1 t?d f. s. tt?m kirnk - tdro (gt?nt?ric) kol - kind of· lt?df. koloko - pldnt whos.t? 1t?df. is. us.t?d f"or f.llt?dVing kurip - kind of· vint? kut - f"irt? .• firt?wood kuvnk - grt?t?n coconut lavui td11 grds.s. - 1ikt? pldnt (gorgor) 1 o - kind of· <.Jint? mai - gi ngt?r mal ik - king of· trt?t? maratan - bdrndclt?s. meke - kind of· trt?t? menge - kind of· trt?t? mis - root moi - kind of· p ldn t mol mol - l.:w ldu ,, Jung1 t?dpp It? nan - wh i tt? S.dp nei u ten, nnu ten - f"ort?s. t n i u - coconut (gt?nt?r i c tt?rm) ngnkfln - brdnch ngnv in - s.dgo nge - shoots. of·f· mdin tdro p n n g.-. - gr t?t?n s.

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pt'lr'fl - sprout pi'ISpflsuk - kind of· taro pfluk - bark .• peel pakangkarau - kind of" banana pen - she! I pi - inside of· nut poso1 - kind of" vine pot - kind of· tree ppi'ln - I ea f. ppot - kind of· banana rfl1 tep - shoot of· kaukau roi - kind of" tree sfl1 - kind of" p !ant save - kind of· tree si fl - daka si kflng - shoot of· a p !ant su1 - kind of· tree ta 1 i Sfl - kind of· nut tree tanu - kind of" tree tepegfl - pawpaw t i - . .voung I eat· to - sugar cane tongong - mangrove tur - kind of" gorgor Ufli - f·rui t .• f"lower_, bear f·rui t ue - kind of" vine (kanda) urn - tuber ungfln - banana stock ur - banana (generic) uring - kind of· salt water plant vaia - kind of" tree vat - kind of· tree voi voi - kind of· p !ant vufl - betel nut v u 1 i t - f.t in d of. s tic 1..-. .v vine vutfl - ashes vuvufl - swamp <-'egetation

bflng - rock du1 - mud iat, at - stone kone - sand 1 amfln - water 1 i ung - reef· 11 ung - hole los - sea shelf. 1 ung - deep .• hole mflkflrflp - sun mflkflsim - sa It mu1 flng - mountain ngan - star

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ong - pebbles pot pot - n.a.me ot· .a. stone put, putput - hill ra - creek rakrak - mud ra 1 - cora. I riung - dew roe - ground tnpnk I igh tning to - Nd<-'e ul en - moon vak i 1 c.a.<.te vunep - ground

PEOPLE

Human and Sp i r· it

ai nn - wom.a.n ige - this one i genen - per son ina tus - chi I dren ingun - de<.ti I knvu1 ik - girl kipnng - people of the forest k i u - I .a. s t born chi I d 1un - ttt~ins

mn1fingfinto <Pan i Ur?) -spirit mt\ tnvun im - t"irs tborn chi I d rna sa 1 a i - m.a. sa. I .a. i mus - ft..."?res t per son nat - bo . .v petau - group_. enemies posongsa.ng- t"irstborn child tt\uk - ott~ner

vap - people tnunn - m.a. I e

amnngn - mouth_, .a. bug et /i(.ler ik penis i r b.a.ck of· he.a.d is nose knk - leg knng - chest kalkalame - tongue konomo - (.IOi ce kungn - .a.rm mnrenge - comb of rooster mn tt\ e.:>···e miei - br.a.in

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ngnr - tooth ngi sn - tooth ngo - neck .• hoarse ngur - mouth pnng - chin pnt - top pi up i u - toe.. t"inger pukun - bod.:v rnngai - blood r n pi n g - dr oo I rere - -foam at mouth tnbek - I ip tnlingn- ear tai - human waste tong - back tunn - bone tukul - base tus - breast vel es top part o-f p !ant vik - tai I vi ngn - s tomache

Body Intake

angan - eat aus breathe gnk - drink t"rom pouring I iquid gum - suck gumgum - swish water in mouth i 1 up - s I urp inurn - drink i sai a 1 ak - suck in mucous kon - eat konem - swa I I ow r nm i t I i c k -fingers sop - suck out liquid tnk - choke tokol chew betel nut tutus - drink -from the breast

Bodily Excretions

asi oi - sneeze avis - blow out :.pit dus - d,;..··sen tar_ ..... · gns - c I ear throat ga.kai - burp loudl .. v

gese - swea t ingus - give birth i sa i sua i - b I ow ou t i tn - e.>tcre te solid knnus - spit kui - blow

mucou-s waste

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luveka.i - spit out mu tflk thrL..,f.\1 up si k - emit gats rec tat I! . .>··

t i pa. i b I L.IW ou t sp i t

Kinship

a.lmu - in-l.:tw .:tcr1..1ss 1..1ne gener.:ttion (term used b . .>·· m.:t!es t"or mat I es)

a.ngkisnga.na.n - people m.:trried to e.:tch other a.ngtua.i - in-l.:tt4 ot· s.:tme gener.:ttion .• opp. sex ka.ka.i - mother ···s br1..1ther (s.:tme .:ts ···I .:tv,·>··· .. > kisngfl - spouse la.vt'l - mother ···s brother ma.ma.i - m..v t".:tther (t"irst person singu!.:tr on! .. v) nnfl - mother omo - in-l.:tw .:tcross one generati1..1n (term used b .. v

t"ema I es and b . .v ma I es to -fema I es) tflmfl - -father (e)..-cept t"irst person sing . ) tflsi - brother tt'lu - sister ta.ma.i, ia. - in-law ot· same generation .• same se.'!oi· tivu - grand-re!.:ttion tungfl <originally meant older brother>- t"riend vuvui - m . .>·· grand-relation

Soc i .a 1 In t er·a.c t ion

a.iveven- loot.·· .:t-fter al is - give amt'limflitu - com-fort atogon - h.:tve auai - accompan .. •·· gulflng- tease inflngun - she! I money· kirim - pi !e .• dut .. v kivung meet kivung - meeting kkurek - m.:tke t"un ot· kuvu 1 - together lau - custom 1 ogo - poor 1 otu - wor ship mflmflilfl- respect rnfl tt'lpt'lruk - discourage marriage mata.v - ret"rain t"rom mole - unmarried na.ngkul - men ···s place osongon - marr .. v pt'll t'lpt'll a tung - make agreement pt'lnbuk - I e t ter pt'lrt'lnggun - comp !aining about husband····i.11i -fe paka.nga.i - help

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petau - group .• enemies rinfl - village ruduai - meet each other SflffiUi - bu .. .,_ .. st'lsflgi - serve f"ood sokoung - visit tflvfls - enter house f·or adu I terous purpose tau in - rich vap - people ve - with veai - with

gom - not eating kflpus - a bread! ike -food kflu - kaukau k i rnk taro kiu - last bunch of" bananas kug - shredded coconut mfl tflng - garden ngflun - wrapping around -food ngnv in - sago pok - f"ood rais - rice rul - cream tintinimnn - wrapped f·oodbundle un i - bear f"ru it

Dr-ess

alak - put on clothes knvnt - have clothing on kinng - take of·f- clothes kol ko1 - dress in I eaf· skirt mflus - decorate.. dress up ngenge tie around waist .• belt sflping - clothes sualakai - clothing vnkup cloth vnrns - naked

t1ak i n g ~ L i '-.d n g

abi s - do .• work ai sog - work akalat - hunt gn 1 fl - sweep gfll u i - wash obJects QfiP rake up debris gns harvest buai ga 1 rake coa Is underneath the s t'-..,nes in an oven gam I i ve off" others

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ias - put on shingles. kn is - move s. tones. t.11i th tongs. kap - dip f.lld ter 1nknt - +"eed ritual! .. >·· mn tnng - garden

maiak - +"i s.h ngnut - c!edr grass. or bush ngnga1 - plant ngoto - pile rocks. ot - s.cot..'"'lp up with net t..'"'lr cloth pnsuk - pu I I up taro pai - t4ed<le pi ngker-e - remo<.1e s. tones. from o<.1en pongos - squeeze sago purpurut - Need rag - grate tapioc sa 1 - take med t out o·f" she! I sapa1 - beat s.dgo si 1 i - hunt +"or Ni I d pig si 1 o - method of cooking sog - net -lis.h suisui - sew suk - sew sukn1 - plant tnun - bdke +"ood_, make fire ta - scrape coconut tau n weed

Tools

al imang torch a1 ingnn stick to move hot stones. asu - digging stick_, s.hdrpen avum club kn is tongs. (made o·l bamboo) knvi coconut she! I kati bodt kati bod t ke - net 1 i 1 iangus - trdp of vine mnru - mast masin - engine mon - canoe nai p - kni +"e ngn i - tool +"or chopping ose - pdddle pngin - pole pel ek - f.llt..l<len mat perengan - ship pi 1 - mat made of coconut I ed<les. r-uknng - dnchor sn v i 1 - wedp on

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sa.rnele - knir"e sokorungn t - s.:1i I su1 n - spe.:1r tepe - woven b.:1sket vebe - piece or· b.:1rk used .:1s b.:1sket vokove - .:1xe vul c.:1noe a.gu - g-=1ble or· house a.ti - s.:1ks.:1k shingle gu - g.:1bl e or· house imun - mumu lu - house mfl - home or h1.res t peop I e mn tnkoto - window ngnpnt - strip r"or holding shingles pntn - bench pemut - tr-=1dition.:1l house rnngnmn - men ···s house tnknmnn - door vusnng - r.:1r"ter

a.kka.la.t - r"eed mourning person piece t...'r· t.:1ro a.ta.i la.i t.:1boo dnupn - mourn ka.ka.su - mor tu.:1r .. •·· r"e.:1s t kepai - bur .. v 1 i u - kind or· d.:1nce malmalang - song .:1nd d.:1nce maras - .:1 d.:1nce mikn, miknmikn - d.:1nce mo - bur . .v mono - kind or· song .:1nd d.:1nce rnopong - gr.:1ve pngnmau - m.:1rr . .v pirik - compose pirikai - le.:1rn song or d.:1nce poppot - mor tu.:1r ........ r"e.:1s t posol - m-=1gic pule- le.:1<.1es held in h.:1nd t~~hile d.:1ncing sunk - rer"r.:1in or song t...lr d.:1nce suma.i - kind or· music tnngnm - sing tav - t.:1boo tit i es - ;:> vag - r"in-=11 mor tu.:1r . .v r"e.:1st

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PLACES

Spatia 1 Ter-ms

akasang this W.:? . .v ak i pa i - .:?W.:? . .v aku - co<.1er alak - up angasungai - ne.:?r to e.:?ch other apung - cover aputuk - .:?cross asung - ne.:?r asung - ne.:?r at tol ongon - I e.:?<-'e auk - pull up bt'\ t - c I ose of·f­dong - in to duai - meet e - .:?t ggon - rest on something gong - g.:?ther together iang - there kt'\nt'\ now .• this .• it ka 1 aup - t..-wer ke - this kevkev - bot tom kke - here kolai - e)tCh.:?nge komo - outside ku - ccwer up kul i - on 1 (\ k (\ t - high up 1 aong - f·.:?r 1 iut'\n - middle 1 ung - deep rna 1 1"\ngt'\s - c I e.:?r mete - bef"ore mma t sh.:? I I ow mmun hide mu i p submerge mung behind nei - in nei t te - under no - -front ngere - beside og - c I ose of·f- poi? th osong - .:?rri <·'e ppe1 ek - .:?W.:? .. v +"rom pu 1 akai - .:?bout serei - .:?rrive si 1"\ng - down si ken - re.:?ch soggo corner

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soi a.rri<le of· things in water soung - e.'!!.·i t ssu 1 - dammed up sui'\ - back suf\k - upon return suai - rem~...-,ve

sukf\nf\ there suke - there tf\ 1 1'\ng - a.ppea.r th1iung- separate tf\un - toward tf\ung - behind tii'IVI'\S - open tu 1 - en route tu 1 i p - dip under wa. ter tung - up to u1 it - round ung - arrive using vu1is vungf\

f"o I I ow go around a. point f"a.r

Geographical Terms

bon - swamp gom - ceme ter ..... · ku1f\nusf\ - island kunf\ur - point mf\ thng - garden neiuten, nf\uten - forest ngerel o - beach oring - place pal - area. .• side palpal - area. .• section pang - deep area. inside the reef· pangau - space pUf\S sand area. inside reef· ,.. in f\ - vi I I a. ge ring - place sf\ngf\ - pa. th se1 en - road .• pa.ssa.ge sung - river tongong - m~ngro(.le us - dry· region in swamp vute - f"la.t area. a.t f·oot or mountain

Place Names

Angat Ao Enang Ka1 ka1 ien Kavikaiang

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Kavitongong Katangan Kane Kulipaipungak Kung Longai Manus Meteinga Metemaram Metemaung Metemulai Meter an Metetui Meteuta Metevoe Mason Mulei Pupuangas Ranmelek Si la Soson Sua Sungkau Taun Talisabot Taskul Tengelik Ti ngwon Umvukul Vasanga Val val Vaungung Vuteilung

MOTION

Bc•d i 1 y Mov em en t

ale- rock ap i 1 urn - shut e .. •··es apogol - appear asi sing - bathe bt'lru - s tumb I e bi s - hit.. t"igh t but'ls - sur-face bufl t - sur t"ace.. arr i <Je bul - change colour go - epileptic t "i t gusflng - struggle kfll i p - paddle k i k - di (.I e.. step kkhs - swim kkos - step on

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kokos - board a canoe .• boat .• aircrar·t kusi1 -mimic 1ak - climb laos - Jump 1 iu - pass b . .v 11 u - chase 1 u 1 un - shake hand 1u1us - kiss mfttftkiming - wink mote - pretend p la.Y nft1- walk slowl . .v n Qft 1 - g I ide ngi - crowd ngoi +"I.Y ngum - wade ngus - wade ph 1 is - craw I pftngun - wake pnrn - be awaf...-e pftsa1 - go snng - run snu 1 - roll si 1 i - W.-31 k through r"ores t so - spear .• throw sogo - s I eep wa I k ssip - run awa .. v su 1 uk busi l .. v sunep - wash hands t n du t ge t up .• begin tnpnsuk - get up tftruk - shake tava.1 - turn back.. turn head turung - bow ul - roll_, pull around ul es - turn vis - r·igh t

Car·r-ting and Moving Things

but - uproot dn1 - drdg kaka - carr . .>·· .-3 bab .. v

kkating - l.=t . .v down 1 i ng - remo(.le 1 i ngai - pour 1 uk - get 1 uk 1 uk - gather ngaka - carr.Y with a strap Cl(.ler the shou I der ngot - hold bab . .v pe - pu II and remo(.le rn1 ing - drag sftngu - take something r"rom water sftv i 1 - skim

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sok - emp t . .v canoe of· water ssa1ak - carr . .-..·· on -shoulder su1ai - pu-sh sunguk - carry· with tump I ine tavai - put down .• di-stribute teng - hold t tak - pu II vnvni - load

Movement of Non-1 iving Thing<.:.

buku1 - bubble gok - -sNamp kknp - mi-ss me 1 eng - f- I oa t sako1 - rep lace tnkuk - hang tnlunng - loo-se ttuk hit v ok o - f"l oa t

Motion Particles

an - motion awa .. v f·rom speaker ane - to 1 e - f·rom me - come .• motion toward spe.::~ker

Stationary Actions

ago - be mntung - lie or-os - I ie rot - sleep sinong - -sit tikok - hang tung - stand

ACTIONS THAT CHANGE OBJECTS

dnmn1 sharpen dnung kill dek - -split ding - pull of·f- b.::~rk .• rip dot - prick du - poke ep - -scr.::~pe dl-lld.Y I oo-se debris gn1 nng - des tro . .v gang - poke_. J.::~b

ggot - tie goeng - des tro . .v ing - braid hair or <-'ine knkkn1 - peel

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kfll flng - write.. draN kfll fl t - bite kflng - scrape kflngus - peel kflu t - wrap up kel dig kep - dig k i g - scrape kkfllflt - bite kka 1 i t - unco(.ler kket - remo(.le husk kki t - pick b .. v breaking of"-f kong - catch_, gather debris kop - peck koto - c I ear brush f"t...-,r path kug - shred kune - peel kunis untie 1 flffiU t - CUt

luflng untie 1 ull u - bend 1 u 1 1 un - ro II up rna - heal nik - despine ngfl - chew something tough n gflm i s - hi t ngfln - he.:~ t up nga- hit ngom - weigh down n gumu t - pick -fr u i t pei - tie piek peel pi en - c I ear Needs ppis - tie pur - squeeze cot...-onu t pu tuk - break rol - agitate runguk - ki II Sfll i k - car<-'e.. wr i te Sflp i k - pu II of·f- I e.:~ f­SI'IUp - hit sial - pile si 1 - sp I it b . .v cutting song - crush ssfll - sh.:l<le of·f - chips ssok - scour su - dig tflngfl, tflngai - chop t fl v fl s lap tti 1 - slice ttok - s e(.ler vine-like th i ngs u 1 fl k - unwrap veles - spread out

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DESCRIPTIONS

Physical Features

dokot - s t ick..v gfl 1 - br i t t I I!?

ga 1 ga 1 - dr .. v kangkang - wrinklt!?d kar sp.ilrk I ing kei - wi I d kim - trimmt!?d Vt!?r .. v short kkit - h.ilrd, tough kkorong - str.ilight ko1 o - dr ..... ·· kudi k - short 1f1Vfl - l.ilrgt!? 1 ik - sm.:lll 1 ok - croo/;'t!?d 1 u1 us - skinn .. >·· mflrmflr i p - sh.:lc/..v mfltflk - r.ilw mfltukfll - rip!!? maga.ng - dr . .v malang - holt!? man gop - C.ill m c I oucf..v mosso - dr . .v.. doni!? motem - rip!!? ngflrfll - h.ilrd.. britt I I!?

pfl - burnt pak - unr ipt!? polok - grow .• distributt!? rfl tfl1 - smooth ra - colourt!?d si 1 o - sh.ilrp 1 ...... · poi n tt!?d si nang - sunn .. v

tflpflk - rot tt!?n surt-.ilCt!? ti'lppflk - I t!?prous tangi nang - nt!?w tav i r i - l.ilrgt!? Vflrfls - n.ilkt!?d Vflrflsai - dt!?st!?rtt!?d visuk - dirt ...... · vos - dus t . .'f.·· vu1uk f.llt!?t

Colour·s

ian g - Y't!? II ow ma.kanga - grt!?t!?n mang - bright.. shin!!? me1ek - rt!?d miting- bl.ilck p osok - wh i t I!?

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Sound-=·

do - sound of wa t.er boi 1 i ng ek - sound of· rushing wafer gu 1 ung thunder .• noise phpa make racket pput - explode., pop

Natural Phenomena

bhnghng 1 ow tide bung smoke bun gum - swamp bus high tide gup - cloud ias - sun kke1 - current kkut - f"ire kokel - change 1 hngi t - rain 1 i - f"l oat down z i gzaged /.."~-·· 1um sink 1 us - 1 e t drown .• current.. drown 1 us - drown mh1Sihng - land breeze m" 1 u - wind mM'Uk - shake mh tvung - t11es t wind storm rna - magic talk ma1ang - hole mangmangkaleng ripple na 1 - group of· waves nni - burn ov - rise ph tfl - smoke pungt'IS - foam rfl i - s form Sh 1 i n g - f- 1 ow sesengen - glow sinang - sunshine singkftiflng - shine tt'lmu 1 - drop thphk - 1 i gh tn i ng thVhthlflng- rise tan gat - dawn tavap - rebound Ut'lk - f"dll ulung - mist up - be dust .. "~-·· ureurek - f"lame urung - sprout uv - bubble up vong - dark .• night

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MENTAL PROCESSES

Thought Processes

al pol< - est im.a te buk - 14.an t gol - conf-used .• complic.ated ka tal< be know! edge.abl e kinle - recognize 1 omon think ma lflngns - .aw.are.. c I e.ar mel em ignor.an t mi sag - di s.agree monol - not knowledge.able nio - cr.az .. "~-·· nnns - know ngnning - m.aybe Sflupai - decide su - uncer t.ain .• wonder tauk - decide tu tumnn - true

Emotions

dnupfl - mt..,urn ggel - di s.agree inuinu - unsure 1 eng - f"e.ar 1 OS - /.augh mflkus - s.ad mfll ik - .appreci.ate mnmniln- respect mnn - pr.aise mflrn 1 n - .angr .. v manga 1 - desire maramarak - h.app .. v mmal - mourn_, tired mumurung - respect ngorem - +"eel sorr . .v pisu - trouble ro - good sugu 1 - wonder tflngi s - cr.Y tflping - be .am.azed uruk h.app .. v

Oral Expression

aikut - .ask ainak - .agree akonong - .af·f-irm akus, akuskus- tell alatun - pr.aise .• worship

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ammau - .. >·:awn antok - s~.Y angkong - reJoice assok - send.. order atai - tell el - c ompl.::1in .• gro.::1n gok - snore gu k - gr t..'"~Wl kni 1 - shout kapau lie kin - c.::1ll kki - SCCt/d

kkup - sht..'"~U t kolkol - r.::lven···s c.::1ll indic.::1ting r.::1in 1 OS - /~ugh

1 otu - worsh i p mengen - speech .• t.::1lk .• tell .• s.::1.:v mirik - humili.::1te ngenget - .::1nswer pnrnnggun - compl.::1ining .::1bout husb.::1nd···i4i-fe pege - t.::1 11..- ·' spe.::1k pial - dis~....,be .. •·· pol pol e c ho .• .::1n swer posong - c.::1ll sokot tuk - .::1sk songo - c.::1!1 sui - .:ask tnngnm - sing tnngi s - cry· taong - shout t i r t i r i ku - crt..'"~W

Exc 1 ama t ion-:.

ago - do not ai - surprise akkos - t.::1ke he.::1r t a 1 i - gr~ tet·u I au we 11 .. 1..'"~kd.Y., so ba - peek .::1 boo em - d.greemen t iau - disbel i e f· .• uncert.::lint .. ....­io - .. ..-es is - di s.::1greemen t kana t - t..'"~kd.Y

1 o - sy mpa th.Y nambang - th.::1 t ··· s right parik - no pu - surprise

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Question l..Jords

angi san - when marai - because poi snn - how man . .>·· sa - what saka. - how.. which si - who voi - where

F'er·cep t ions

akanangai - represent arai - see asukflng - like a tokngai - tr ..... · ausai - rest bn - blind., unripe de - weak dunl - strong eng - search among bunch of· things gel ep - glance at gu 1 e - search gus - search kn1n - light knpn - also kar bad taste f"rom burp kko - wait koi able kui hurt 1 au sort of· livus cold 1 ongong - hear mndot - strong mngus - out of· breath mni 1 - pain-Ful mnkfll"'ik - itch mnkns - sore mnmnui - in breeze mnrnngnn - laz . .v.. tired mnringin - warm b ...... · f"ire ffii'ISSfl - she! ter f"rom rain mn sung - sa tis f- i ed ma.i ten - hea(.l ...... · ma1as - stale mal epen - sick manas - hot mmal - mourn .• tired mo 1 - hungr . .v mu 1 nk - col d.. shi (.lering nnmin - taste ngns tough o-F -Food ngnu - weal..-

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palau - onl .. v .• Just pen - someNh..:t t petekai - di ·f"f"eren t re - bitter Sflbonai - find Sfl i n - s c en t .• sme 1 1 tfl1it- out of· wind tflpfli - burning t..:tste of" betel nut taot, ta taot - re..:td_, count t ikon - 1 ook ..:t t .• check togomai - burp up ..:t t..:t s te t tere - w..:t tch tun - look USfiUSn - re..:tc/..V va 1 - ..:t s .• 1 ike

Bad Actions

ainau - ste..:tl tainau - Form of· ..:tin..:tu ak i phng - deceive kag - c I ..:tim ownership fa I sel ...... · kapau - f"..:tlse .• I ie korok - pI under maras - pois..:tn maras - bl..:tck m..:tgic phruk - incest rikek b..:td tflvns - enter house for ..:tdu I terous purpose

ABSTRACTIONS

General

asfln - n..:tme bi1 - thing .• do i ton - prep..:tre mat - die nem - thing oring - m..:ttter pukfl - die supsupai - me..:tning to - live tuku 1 ai - re..:tson vi 1 - do

Numerals

1e1ensflngflu1i - hundred 1 ima 1 engufl - seven 1 ima1 eat - nine 1 ima 1 esi kei - si . .,.· 1ima1etu1 - eight

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pa 1 pa 1 i rna - f-i <.If?

ponguil - two potol - thre>e> puat - f"our SilnQilU 1 i - te>n si kei - one>

Quantity

a on gos - .:t I I , c omp 1 e> t e l . .v apunuk - f'u 1 f"i 11 ed inongos - p.:trt i rilng - choose> keve - plur.:tl (de>f"ini te>) kkovek - .:tbse>n t milmil in - kind.. some> mil tiln - group mang - one., a no the>r men - s~...-,me

miang many· ngono - dual pilgf'l1 - di(.lide> up papph, phppf'l1ik- alone> pi 1 f'lk - choose ri - plural (indef"ini te) ring - some> rukun - some taot, ta taot - read., count vuk - piece

Time Wor·ds

abis fast aimung Ia ter ai no - f"irs t .. before amomommo1e - sloN .• l.:tte anf'lnilp - steadil . .v .• s!Of.\1/ .. •·· .• patient .. •·· ananga.n - bef"ore anongo - .. vesterda . .v angi nang - today· au 1 e i - f' in i sh bel o - noon emung - af"ter i 1 es - Ia ter k f'lmu s - f' in i sh kilnil - not\1 kavang - old mf'l 1 ilS - begins matas - .. vear ngf'ln 1 f'lk - I a ter nge lik - af'ternoon sf'lngilu - go slot41 . .v si lup - quick! .. •··

26

sumnsumn - quick tnun - time.. da. ...... · tan gat - da.14n tapong - begin tenei - time o·l da. . .v tokos - la.s t .• rema.in vnuk morning vong - da.rk .• night

REFERENCE WORDS

Object Pr·onouns

i ft - him .• her .. it (obJec f) iau - me (""bJec f)

(e)\'C l usi <le .. > ·' - tf.llo,, -three plura.l .• -two .• -three

imem, -long, -tol - us imi, -1 ong, -tol - .. vou i rn, i r-ung, i rn-to 1 iri-n, -long, -tol

us (inclusive..> .• -two .• -three them.. -two.. -three

un - . .vou singula.r

Subject Pronouns

namem/nem, -1 ong, -tol - we.. -two.. -three (e.~·c l usi ve .• subJect)

nami, -1 ong, -tol - .You (plura.l .. > .• -two .• -three (subJect..>

nau - I (subJect..> ninin/nin - he .• she .• it (subJect) numai - .. vou singu la.r (subJec f) ririn/rin, ri-long, ri-tol - they· .• -two., -three

(subJect) tnrn, tnr-ung, tnrh-tol - we .• -two .• -three (inclusi<.Je

subJect .. >

Possessive Pronouns

kn-g - m .. v

kh-m - . .>··our singula.r kn-mem, -memlong, -memtol- our exclusi<le .• -tf.llo .• -three kh-mi , -mi 1 ong, -mi tol - .Your p lura. l ·' -two.. -three kn-nn - his her its kn-rn, -rung, -rntol - our inclusive -two,, -three kn-ri, -ri long, -ritol their .• -two .• -three

Person Marking .in. l..)er·b Phr·ase

kn he.. she.. it k i the .. v ku .. -.··ou singu la.r mi ) ···ou p lura. l nn I namem/nem, -long, -tol - we inclusive .• -tf.llo,, -three

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ttH'h, thr-ung, thrh-to1 - we inclusive,, -two_, -three

GRAMMATICAL

Particles

ani - bene-f.:Rction .• oblique obJect ang - m.:Rrks de-finiteness asi purpt...,se i - geni t i <.t e ke - possession mang - .:R_, one-' .:Rnother nang - ::> ngi - ::> oro - wou I d h.:R <·' e pa - nt...,t par i k - n eg.:R t ion p e i - m.:R)··"be s i - gen i t i v e th - ::> thv -. neg.:R t ion ta - m.:Rn .. •·· uses va 1 - .:R s .• I ike vanang - ::> vang :-:> ve - with veai - with

Conjunctions

kll"'n thnem - even though 1 e - t"i r s t .:Rnd then mhn - it" nai a - .:Rnd sikei - but thun - when tung- until using - bec.:Ruse vei lest VO, 0 t...,r

Aspect

ai - ? v - perh.:Rp s ka - intention kun - .:R!st..., 1 n k - . .ve t .• s t i I I 1a - completi<-'t!P 1 au - somewh.:R t.. like 1 engi nang - .:R I re.:Rd..v po - con t inu.:R t i (.ltfP

tapai - t"i r s t

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u 1 i - .:t I W.:t .. VS

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