TURBIDITE PALEOSEISMOLOGY(and some other topics of interest)

MARNAUT CRUISE MEETING22-23 January, 2007

Outline: • Seismoturbidites as proxies of past earthquakes• Monitoring of turbidity by a sediment trap• Fluid vents and carbonate crusts• Other possible monitoring studies and sensors

Sites of interest

Le Pichon et al. (2001)EPSL, 192: 595-616.

Turbidites as paleo-earthquake proxies in the deep Marmara basins

Package 2

Package 1

~40 m

~ 70-80 % turbidite-homogenite and ~ 20-30 % hemipelagic units

Sarı and Çağatay (2006)Geo-Marine Lett. 26: 69-76.

Core C-15 From south part of theÇınarcık Basin at 1251 m water depth

26 October 986İstanbul-ThraceEarthquake, intensity = 10

15 August 553İstanbul-KocaeliEarthquake, intensity = 9

957±43 AD

578±31 AD

Other dated sesimoturbidites

Tekirdağ Basin1859, 1912 Ganos, and 1965 Saros Gulf, (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL)

Central Basin740 AD, 1340 AD and 1912? (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL)

İzmit Gulf:181 and 740 AD (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL)1509 (Çağatay et al. 2003. Mar. Geol. 202:159-173)

Study of seismoturbiditesITU-EMCOL’s core scanner anayses of water/ sediment core IZ-113 in İzmit Gulf

1999 İzmit earthquake event

mm

(95±65 14C y BP)

Core IZ-115 Karamürsel Basin, İzmit Gulf

(1630±30 14C yr BP)

Sediment trapIndented Rotating Sphere (IRS) Sediment Tarp

Time series dataon the amount andcomposition of sedimenting hemi-pelagic material,and sampling of possibleseismoturbidites

Fluid ventsCold fuid venting, carbonate mound, bacterial mats and benthic fauna in SE Tekirdağ Basin

R/V Le Atalante cruise, Marmarascarps project, Armijo et al. (2003)

Carbonate crusts as archives of the cyclic changesin the chemical composition of the fluids

•Mineralogy •Isotopic composition

ITU-ISMAR-BO and INGV-Rome seafloor observatory projectin the western Izmit Gulf

Project proposal submitted to Istanbul City Council

Paolo Favali’s SN-4 (Submarine Network-4, Geostar) sea floor observatory system including the folling sensors:

• broad-band 3-component seismometer;• hydrophone• triaxial, single-point current meter;• CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) sensor• CH4 sensors (at least 2 in parallel)• O2 sensor

Other sensors to monitor fluid seepages and mass flows:

1. Time-lapse cameras with one or two pictures a week to monitor fluids, mass-flows bacterial growth, benthic fauna, etc.

2. Optical backscatter sensors (or turbidometers) to monitor water turbidity and sediment influx.