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TURBINE TECHNOLOGY IN AUTOMOBILES

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A gas turbine is a type of internal combustion engine and it can be viewed as an energy conversion device that converts energy stored in the fuel to useful mechanical energy in form of rotational power.

This rotary engine has, in its simplest configuration, an upstream compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between.

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•The Brayton cycle is the basis of the cyclic gas turbine power plant.• Gas turbine power plants may operate on either open or closed basis.

Open to atmosphere Closed

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WORKING

Suck: air is sucked in through the fan at the front of the engine.Squeeze: the air is then squeezed to many times atmospheric pressure.Bang: within the combustion chamber fuel is mixed with the air and is ignited.Blow: the hot air expands and is blown out of the rear of the engine.

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Single and Twin Shaft Turbine Engine

Single Shaft Twin ShaftCONSTANT SPEED

AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONSVARIABLE SPEED

AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS

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MAJOR GAS TURBINE COMPONENTSCompressorThe purpose of a compressor is to increase the total pressure of a gas stream with the lower shaft power consumption.

The types of compressor used in gas turbines fall into two categories: Centrifugal Compressor Axial Compressors

Basically, axial flow compressors dominate in applications where low frontal area, low weight and high efficiency are essential, which make them the only choice for large gas turbines. centrifugal compressors dominate in small size units where cost is a priority.

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TurbineA turbine is a component that extracts power from a gas stream to drive either engine compressor, or, in the case of a power turbine, a load such as a propeller or electrical generator.

There are two types of turbine used in gas turbines, which consist in the axial-flow and the radial-inflow type.

The axial-flow turbine is used in more than 95% of all applications. Like the compressors, the turbines with an axial geometry are preferable in applications in which it is required low frontal area, low weight and high efficiency, contrarily to the radial ones that are more suitable for low cost units with small size.

Axial Type Radial Type

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A heat-exchanger, which uses some of the energy stored in the exhaust gases to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber, may also be introduced.

The heat transferred increases combustor inlet temperature and hence reduces the fuel required to achieve a given turbine inlet temperature, improving thecycle efficiency.

Two types of heat-exchangers can be identified:

Heat Exchanger

RECUPERATOR REGENERATOR

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APPLICATIONS

Power Plants Industries Aircrafts Automobile

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Road Vehicle ApplicationThe compressor of a gas turbine supplies several times the amount of the theoretically required air for complete fuel combustion, the exhaust gases are relatively free from smoke and emit less levels of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), comparedto piston engines.

Light Road ApplicationChrysler achieved significant advances in fundamental gas turbine engine technology by running experiments with gas turbines not only on dynamometers but also in test vehicles.

More recently, General Motors created the Ecojet in 2006 . This concept car uses a helicopter turbine engine, with 650 hp and 790 Nm.

GM Project (JAY)

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Heavy Road Vehicles

The gas turbine capability to operate on a wide range of fuels and its exceptional torque characteristics played an important role, not only in the automotive industry but also among truck manufacturers.

a) The 1965Chevrolet Turbo Titan IIIb) The 1972 GMC Astro Gas Turbine

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Racing CarsThe first racing turbine car, the Rover-BRM, participated in 1963 at the 24 hours of Le Mans and achieved a top speed of 235 km/h. The 8th position in the overall ranking, with 4133 km recorded.

This type of engine also made its appearance in Formula 1 in 1971, through the Lotus Team (Lotus 56 ).

This turbine car had important difference, specially in terms of power: 600 hp compared with the 425 hp from the traditional engines.

The turbine was smaller and lighter than a regular piston engine, the drive train was simpler and there was no need for cooling system.

Rover BRM Lotus 56

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MotorcyclesMTT Turbine SUPERBIKE appeared in 2000 (hence the designation of Y2K Superbikes by MTT) and is the first production powered by a turbine engine – specifically , a Rolls-Royce Allison Model 250 Turbo Shaft Engine, producing about 283 KW(380 bhp).

Speed tested to 365 Km/hr or 227mph.

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Concept CarJaguar C-X75 concept car.This electrically powered supercar has a top speed of 204 mph (328 km/hr) and can go from 0-62 mph (0- 100 km/hr) in 3.4 seconds.It uses Lithium-ion batteries to power 4 electric motors which combine to produce some 780 bhp.It uses a pair of micro gas turbine to re-charge the batteries extending the range from 560 miles.

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GAS TURBINE HEAT SOURCE

Liquid petrolGasResidualsGasified CoalNuclear PowerBio, Renewable Sources

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TURBINE ENGINE

Very high power to weight ratioSmaller in sizeSimple sealing

Moves in one direction only with less vibrationsSeparate componentsFewer moving parts

Low operating pressureHigh operating speeds

Low lubricating oil cost and consumptionCan run on wide variety of fuels

VS. RECIPROCATING ENGINE

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DISADVANTAGESCost is very highLesser efficiencyLonger startup timeLess responsive to changes in power demandTurbine erosion and corrosionFuel oxidizerMaintenance of stochiometric temperature

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THANK YOU…..!!!