turbulence and computing: beauty and the beast - assistant professor gianluca iaccarino
DESCRIPTION
Professor Iaccarino provides a window into intriguing physical phenomena, the challenges of extreme-scale computations and simulations illustrating the fascinating beauty of fluid turbulence.TRANSCRIPT
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Beauty & the BeastTurbulence and Computing
Gianluca IaccarinoJoe W. Nichols & John Axerio-CiliesMechanical Engineering DepartmentCenter for Turbulence Research, Stanford University
Monday, July 23, 12
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Turbulence...the “beauty”
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The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
Monday, July 23, 12
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Composition VIWassily Kandinsky (1913)
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The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
Monday, July 23, 12
![Page 9: Turbulence and Computing: Beauty and the Beast - Assistant Professor Gianluca Iaccarino](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042813/54957b40b47959744d8b4da8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
But chaos/randomness does not completely illustrate the nature of flow turbulence. There is structure in the chaos!
Monday, July 23, 12
![Page 10: Turbulence and Computing: Beauty and the Beast - Assistant Professor Gianluca Iaccarino](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042813/54957b40b47959744d8b4da8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Monday, July 23, 12
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Starry NightVincent van Gogh (1889)
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The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
But chaos/randomness does not completely illustrate the nature of flow turbulence. There is structure in the chaos!
Monday, July 23, 12
![Page 15: Turbulence and Computing: Beauty and the Beast - Assistant Professor Gianluca Iaccarino](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042813/54957b40b47959744d8b4da8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
But chaos/randomness does not completely illustrate the nature of flow turbulence. There is structure in the chaos!
Another important characteristic of turbulence is the presence of multiple scales - small eddies and large eddies
Monday, July 23, 12
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much thinner than a human hair
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much thinner than a human hair
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much thinner than a human hair
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Great WaveKatsushika Hokusai (ca 1700)
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The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
But chaos/randomness does not completely illustrate the nature of flow turbulence. There is structure in the chaos!
Another important characteristic of turbulence is the presence of multiple scales - small eddies and large eddies
Monday, July 23, 12
![Page 21: Turbulence and Computing: Beauty and the Beast - Assistant Professor Gianluca Iaccarino](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022042813/54957b40b47959744d8b4da8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The word turbulence (from the latin word turbulentia) originally refers to the disorderly motion of a crowd (turba). In the Middle Ages it was frequently used to mean just "trouble", a word which derives from it.
Its scientific usage refers to irregular and seemingly chaotic motion of a fluid.
Turbulence...the “beauty”
But chaos/randomness does not completely illustrate the nature of flow turbulence. There is structure in the chaos!
Another important characteristic of turbulence is the presence of multiple scales - small eddies and large eddies
The inherent beauty of turbulent motion attracts artists, but it is its inherent complexity and ubiquitous presence that interests physicists, mathematicians and engineers
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Over five centuries ago Leonardo was probably the first to use the word turbulence (in Italian turbolenza) with its modern meaning and to observe the slow decay of eddies formed behind the pillars of a bridge.
Studying Turbulence
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Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus (ca 1500)
Studying Turbulence
Doue la turbolenza dellacqua si generaDoue la turbolenza dellacua si mantiene plughoDoue la turbolenza dellacqua siriposa
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Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus (ca 1500)
Doue la turbolenza dellacqua si generaDoue la turbolenza dellacua si mantiene plughoDoue la turbolenza dellacqua siriposa
Studying Turbulence
Doue la turbolenza dellacqua si generaDoue la turbolenza dellacua si mantiene plughoDoue la turbolenza dellacqua siriposa
Monday, July 23, 12
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Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Atlanticus (ca 1500)
Doue la turbolenza dellacqua si generaDoue la turbolenza dellacua si mantiene plughoDoue la turbolenza dellacqua siriposa
Where is the turbulence in the water generated?Where does the turbulence in the water persist for long time?Where does the turbulence in the water come to rest?
Studying Turbulence
Doue la turbolenza dellacqua si generaDoue la turbolenza dellacua si mantiene plughoDoue la turbolenza dellacqua siriposa
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The physics of turbulence has been studied extensively. using experiments. Euler, Navier, Stokes, and later Taylor, Kolmogorov and many others built the theoretical & mathematical foundations
Studying Turbulence
Leonhard Euler1700s
George Gabriel Stokes1800s
Andrei Kolmogorov1900s
Geoffrey Taylor1900s
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Ener
gy
Eddy Size
Energy spectrum
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Kolmogorov Theory -5/3
Ener
gy
Eddy Size
Dissipation into heat
Energy spectrum
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Kolmogorov Theory -5/3
Ener
gy
Eddy Size
Dissipation into heat
Where is the turbulence in the water generated?
Energy spectrum
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Kolmogorov Theory -5/3
Where does the turbulence in the water come to rest?
Ener
gy
Eddy Size
Dissipation into heat
Where is the turbulence in the water generated?
Energy spectrum
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Kolmogorov Theory -5/3
Where is the turbulence in the water generated?
Where does the turbulence in the water come to rest?
Ener
gy
Eddy Size
Dissipation into heat
Energy spectrum
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Center for Turbulence Research
Prof. William C. ReynoldsProf. Joel H. FerzigerProf. Parviz Moin
1987Monday, July 23, 12
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Computer Simulations @ CTR
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
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Computer Simulations @ CTR
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Turbulent Flow in a Channel
64 CPUs, 15Mflops, $33M (1972)
Illiac IV
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Computer Simulations @ CTR
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
16CPUs, 1Gflops, $5M (1988)
Cray YMP
Complex Flow
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Computer Simulations @ CTR
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
16CPUs, 1Gflops, $5M (1988)
Cray YMP
Complex Flow
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1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
8KCPUs, 5Tflops, $10M (2000)
ASCI White/IBM
Turbulent Flames
Computer Simulations @ CTR
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100KCPUs, 200Tflops, $70M (2005)
BGL-P
Computer Simulations @ CTR
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
End-to-End Aircraft Jet Engine
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BGL-P
Computing Power
100KCPUs, 200Tflops, $70M (2005)
BGL-P
64 CPUs, 15Mflops, $33M (1972)
Illiac IV
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BGL-P
Computing Power
100KCPUs, 200Tflops, $70M (2005)
BGL-P
64 CPUs, 15Mflops, $33M (1972)
Illiac IV
1CPU, 36Mflops, $200 (2010)
iphone 4
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BGL-P
Computing Power
100KCPUs, 200Tflops, $70M (2005)
BGL-P
64 CPUs, 15Mflops, $33M (1972)
Illiac IV
1CPU, 36Mflops, $200 (2010)
iphone 4
sequoia
1.57MCPUs, 16.2Pflops, $? (2012)
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Quieting A JetJoe Nichols
Slow Down a Formula 1 CarJohn Axerio Cilies
A New Planet in 7 DaysGianluca Iaccarino
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A Project sponsored by Toyota Motor Corporation
Motor Sport Division
Slow Down a Formula 1 CarJohn Axerio Cilies
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A Project sponsored by Toyota Motor Corporation
Motor Sport Division
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A Project sponsored by Toyota Motor Corporation
Motor Sport Division
Brake Cooling...
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• Brake pads are air cooled and temperature is controlled• Flow through the tire has an impact on the wake dynamics
Flowin
Flow out
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Section view looking vertically upwards from contact patch
Through-‐Hub Flow Passages
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Section view looking vertically upwards from contact patch
Through-‐Hub Flow Passages
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Impact of Through-‐Hub Flow
CI CII
A BA
D
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Impact of Through-‐Hub Flow
CI CII
CIII
A BA
D
A B
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Impact of Through-‐Hub Flow
CI CII
CIII CIV
A BA
D
AA B
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12% decrease in drag with op3mal choice of fairing!
Experimental ValidaBon of Through-‐Hub Flow
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Brake Cooling Efficiency
Dra
g
Baseline Design
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Brake Cooling Efficiency
Dra
g
Design with Maximum Cooling
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Brake Cooling Efficiency
Dra
g
Design with Minimum Drag
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Brake Cooling Efficiency
Dra
g
Optimal Design
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Design using Computations
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Quieting A JetJoe Nichols
Monday, July 23, 12
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Rectangular nozzles
Baseline (NA2Z)
Design taken from the “Extensible Rectangular Nozzle Model System” (Frate & Bridges, 2011)
2:1 aspect ra3o, matching experiment precisely
Chevron (NA2C3)
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Flow development (Baseline)
Preferen7al spreading along minor axis (Zaman, 1996)Monday, July 23, 12
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Flow development (Chevrons)
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Typical supercomputer usage
One liJle square = 128 processors
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Full system run (163,840 cores)
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Flow and noise visualizaBon
Baseline (NA2Z) Chevrons (NA2C3)
FWH
LES
FWH
LES
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Effect of chevronsUpstream Downstream
Chevrons have two (good) effects on noise:
1.Reduc3on of shock-‐associated noise (upstream)
2.Reduc3on of turbulent mixing noise (downstream)
baselinechevrons
baselinechevrons
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a new planet in 7 DaysAlan Wray, Javier Jimenez, Parviz Moin, Ali Mani, Lee Shunn, Frank Ham, Gianluca Iaccarino
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BlueGene/L
• DOE/IBM supercomputer at LLNL• Installation Year: 2005 • #1 on Top 500 list: 280 TFLOPS• Theoretical peak: 370 TFLOPS• Compute nodes: 65536 (131072 CPUs)• I/O nodes: 1024• Memory: 32768 GB
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Keplerian turbulence
• Protoplanetary disks need to be turbulent to form planets• Simplest model is rotating, sheared box of
turbulence
Ωx1
x2
x3
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Computations
Simulations• Grid size: 8192x2048x2048 ~ 34 billion grid points• Ran on 65536 CPUs (half of the machine)• 10-20 Mhours/CPU• FFT transforms require large data (full volume)
communication multiple times per time-step
Data processing• Each saved data field: 384 GB• Inverse FFT on entire dataset must be performed to visualize solution in physical space
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Range of scales
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Energy spectrum
Low-Ro (fast rotation)
not all eddies are dying!
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Conclusions
• 7 days on BGL and still no planet• Now we know what to look for and where
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Conclusions
• 7 days on BGL and still no planet• Now we know what to look for and where
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Thank You Turbulence & ComputingBeauty and the Beast
center for turbulence researchParviz Moin
Gianluca IaccarinoJoe. W. Nichols
John Axerio-Cilies Frank Ham
Heinz PitschMarcus Herrmann
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