tutorial arcgis 10 eng version

TUTORIAL ARCGIS 10

Prepared by:[name1][name2]

PT Citra Palu Minerals2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ..............................................................................................................................

1. Preface ........................................................................................................................................

2. Component ArcGIS Desktop 10

3. Data Management - ArcCatalog

4. ArcMap Processing

5. Analysis Map View

6. Queries

7. Layouts

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM 1.1 Definition of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Here are some definitions of GIS according to the experts:

1. According to Aronoff,1989.

GIS is an information system based on computer work enter, manage,

manipulate and analyze data and provide a description.

2. According to Burrough,1986.

GIS is a useful tool for the collection, accumulation, retrieval and display of

the desired data spatial data derived from the reality of the world.

3. According to Marbleetal,1983.

GIS is a system of spatial data handling.

4. According to Berry,1988.

GIS is an information system, internal reference, as well as the automation

of spatial data.

5. According to Calkin and Tomlinson, 1984.

GIS is a computerized system of critical data.

In general definition of GIS is : "A component consisting of hardware,

software, geographic data and human resources that work together effectively to

input, store, repair, update, manage, manipulate, integrate, analyze and present data

in a geographic-based information".

According to John E. Harmon, Steven J. Anderson. 2003, detailed GIS can be

operated with the following components:

1. User : M Covering users who operate, develop even benefit from the

system.

2. Method : Is a procedure used to process data into information. For example

summation, classification, rotation, geometry correction, query,

overlay, buffer, jointable, etc.

3. Data : Information needed and processed in the application.

Most data used in GIS is the spatial data is the data geographically

oriented, has a particular coordinate system as the basis and has

two important parts that make it different from other data, spatial

data and non-spatial data (attributes) are described by:

Spatial data, related to a geographic coordinates (latitude and

longitude) and the XYZ coordinates, including datum and

projection information. Or in the form of image (raster) which has

a certain value.

Non-spatial data (attribute) or non-spatial information is data form

of a table where the table contains information that the object in

the spatial data. Data are shaped tabular data that are integrated

with existing spatial data.

4. Software : GIS software such as application programs

The software is used to perform the process of storing, analyzing,

visualizing data both spatial data and non-spatial. The software must

be contained in the GIS software components are:

Tools for inserting and manipulating data GIS

Data Base Management System (DBMS)

Tools to analyze the data

Tools to display the data and analysis results

There are many types of software that can be used to manage

geographic information system (GIS). For example ArcGIS, MapInfo,

AutoCAD, Global Mapper, Terra view, GeoServer, and its wide range

of other software. Selection of the use of the software depends on

the input and output are used. Here will be discussed further in

ArcGIS.

5. Hardware : GIS hardware is the physical devices that is part of a computer

system that supports analysis of geography and mapping. GIS

hardware has the ability to provide images with high resolution and

speed as well as the supporting database operations with large

volumes of data quickly. GIS hardware consists of several parts to

enter the data, process the data, and print the results of the process.

Here is the division based process :

Input data: mouse, digitizer, scanner

Data processing: harddisk, processor, RAM, VGA Card

Output data: plotter, printer, screening.

In the following session, the GIS will always be associated with a system-

based computer, although basically GIS can be done manually, GIS-based

computers will be very helpful when geographic data is large data (in number and

size) and consists of many themes of mutual be related.

GIS has the ability to connect various data at a given point on earth,

combine, analyze and finally map the results. The data will be processed in a GIS

spatial data that is a geographically oriented data and a location that has a particular

coordinate system, as a basic reference. So that the application of GIS can answer

some questions such as; location, condition, trends, patterns and modeling. Ability is

what distinguishes GIS from other information systems. It was explained at the

beginning that GIS is a unified system consisting of various components, not just the

computer hardware along with the software alone but should be available geographic

data that correctly and human resources to carry out its role in formulating and

analyzing issues that determine the success of GIS.

1.2 Spatial Data

Most of the data will be handled in a GIS is spatial data that is a data

geographically oriented, has a coordinate system specified as a basic reference and

has two important parts that make it different from other data, the location

information (spatial) and descriptive information (attribute) that described below:

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer

https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plotter&action=edit&redlink=1

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harddisk

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanner

https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digitizer&action=edit&redlink=1

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse

1. The location information (spatial), corresponds to a coordinates, geographic

coordinates (latitude and longitude) and the XYZ coordinates, including datum

and projection information.

2. Descriptive information (attributes) or non-spatial information, a location that has

some information related to, for example: the type of vegetation, population,

area, zip code, and etc.

1.2.1 Spatial Data FormatsIn a simple format in a computer language and code storage means form

different data between files with one another. In GIS, spatial data can be represented

in two formats, namely:

a) Raster Data

Raster data (also called grid cells) is data generated from remote sensing

system. On flat aster, geographic object is represented as a grid cell structure

called a pixel (picture element). In the raster data, resolution (visual

definition) depends on the size of its pixels. In other words, the pixel

resolution depict actual size on the earth's surface represented by each pixel

in the image. The smaller size of the Earth's surface are represented by a

single cell, the higher resolution. Excellent raster data to represent the

boundaries are changed gradually, such as soil type, soil moisture,

vegetation, soil temperature and etc.. The main limitation of raster data is the

large size of the file; the higher the resolution of the grid the larger the file

size and is highly dependent on the available hardware capacity.

Figure 1. Difference Raster and Vector Data

b) Vector Data

Vector data is the shape of the earth are represented in the collection line,

area (the area bounded by a line which starts and ends at the same point),

point and nodes. (a point of intersection between the two lines). The main

advantage of vector data format is the accuracy in representing point

features, limitations and straight lines. This is very useful for analysis that

requires precision positioning, for example on the basis of data cadastral

boundaries. Examples of other use is to define the spatial relationship of

some features. The main weakness of vector data is the inability to

accommodate gradual change.

Each data format has advantages and disadvantages. Selection of data

format used depends on the intended use, the available data, the volume of data

generated, the desired accuracy, and ease of analysis. Vector data is relatively more

economical in terms of file size and precision in the location, but it is very difficult to

use in computational mathematics. While the raster data typically requires storage

space larger files and lower precision location, but easier to use mathematically.

CHAPTER IIARCGIS COMPONENTS

Since late 1990, the software application of geographic information system

(GIS) has grown rapidly with the presence of new products oriented far ahead. One

of the most prominent and popular products since the mid-2000 adalag ArcGIS with

Geodatabase. Unlike most other GIS born in the 1980. ArcGIS is a fairly large GIS.

GIS provides a framework for implementing such scalable GIS application. ArcGIS is

an integration of software products with the aim of building a complete GIS system.

Developers designing such a way that ArcGIS consists of a framework that is ready

to evolve to facilitate the making of GIS applications according to user needs

2.1 ArcMap

Figure 2.1 Display on Desktop ArcMap

ArcMap is the central application ArcGIS desktop devoted to needs-based

digital maps as well as cartographic, map analysis, and editing. ArcMap is a

comprehensive map maker application. In operation, ArcMap offers two types of

map-view: view of geographic data and view the data layout. In the first type of view,

ArcMap facilitate the users to work with geographic layers to provide symbols,

analyzed, compiled into a GIS dataset. Type of view this is a window in which the

dataset (layer) is raised within the spatial limits specified. While it, on the type of view

both, ArcMap provides the facility to work with map pages that contain map elements

(scale, legend, symbol of the north, and map reference), which also appear in the

type of view this latter, ArcMap is used to compose maps in the form of pages ready

to be printed or published.

2.2 ArcCatalog ArcCatalog is an application that can help users to organize and manage all

spatial information; maps, globes, datasets, models, metadata, along with other

services. The application includes several tools that serve to :

a) Find and displaying spatial information.

b) Storing, display and manage metadata

c) Defining, export and import geodatabase data

models

d) Searching and find GIS data in both the local

computer network on the Internet.

e) Manage the GIS server; GIS database

administrators typically use ArcCatalog as a

tool to define and develop the geodatabase.

2.3 ArcToolbox

Framework desktop ArcGIS geoprocessing functionality that provides a lot of

data is accomplished in several ways; 1. Through several dialog boxes that are

owned ArcToolbox as input for the Model Builder, 2. As the command line, or 3. As a

function of the script. The main part of geoprocessing framework include ArcToolbox

Figure 2.2 ArcCatalog

and ModelBuilder. ArcToolbox contains a collection of geoprocessing functions.

ArcToolbox to embed it into the ArcCatalog and ArcMap applications available level

of functionality ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo. The geoprocessing functions are:

a) Data management

b) Data Conversion

c) Processing of coverage

d) Analysis of the vector

e) Geocoding

f) Linear referencing

g) cartographic

h) Statistical analysis

Figure 2.3 Display of ArcToolbox

CHAPTER III

Data Management – ArcCatalog

3.1 Geodatabase

Geodatabase in ArcGIS 9.x becoming known Geodatabase is a relational

database that contains geographic information. Consists of a geodatabase feature

classes (spatial) and tables (non-spatial).

Feature Class is a collection of some of the features that have geometry and

the same attributes.

Feature classes in a geodatabase can be either single or individual features

and can also be arranged in a feature datasets. All feature datasets in a

geodatabase using the same coordinate system.

Domains are used to define the scope (range) and the area chosen (selected

area) of each type of information.

There are two database systems, namely Server-Geodatabase, and Personal

Geodatabase. Server-Geodatabase is a Relational Database Management System

(Oracle, SQL Server, DB2) and Personal Geodatabase using MS-Access data

system.

There are several things to consider in creating the geodatabase:

1. Inventory of spatial data maps or anything that is made and the data or feature

class what is needed, will be very closely linked to population data and also

analysis of the data to be used

2. Determination of the coordinate system, scale and tolerance that will be used

3. Classification feature dataset to be displayed. This is to minimize double feature

classes contained in a feature dataset different

4. Creating a preliminary design geodatabase, namely in the form of a data flow

graph, feature dataset to the feature class to reduce the possibility of errors in

the manufacture geodatabase and to create a geodatabase with a sleek and

effective data.

Geodatabase accommodate:

1. Table -> save object non-spatial (tabular information), such as land owners

tables, tables of population, population density, etc.

2. Feature Class –> collection of spatial objects: points, lines, areas (polygons). It

could also save feature annotation, dimensions, route.

3. Feature Dataset –> place / location for a feature class that has the same spatial

reference. The dataset is necessary if the user wants to create a network and

topology.

4. Relationship classes –> set of mathematical relation between tables, feature

classes, or both. Supports integration between the data origin and destination

class.

5. Geometrik Netwrok –> special topological relations between points and lines

that are used for analysis in network system flow directly.

6. Topologi –> spatial relations between feature classes used to determine and

correct the error (error) spatial, such as parcels that overlap each other or are

not within the boundaries.

7. Raster Dataset –> grid data derived from various source formats (IMG, JPEG,

etc.)

8. Raster Catalog –> tables of raster data set

9. Survey Dataset –> to save the survey information and combine survey data in

the project and many projects into the project folder.

10. Toolboxes –> contains geoprocessing tools.

11. Behaviour Rules –> can be made to define the legal attributes, relations,

topology, connections.

Figure 3.1 With the geodatabase, a central location GIS data can be organized and stored in a uniform

format for easy access.

3.1.1 Shapefiles

Shapefile ESRI or commonly called shapefiles are common geospatial data

format for geographic information system software. Developed and arranged by

ESRI as a specification (almost) open for the interoperability of data between ESRI

and other software products.

A "shapefile" usually consists of a collection of files with extension "shp",

".shx", ".dbf", and other extensions on a same name (e.g, "the road. *"). Currently the

use, shapefile actually refer to is the extension ".shp", but this file is not complete

and requires other files.

Shapefile spatial geometry illustrated: point, line, and area. The geometry, for

example, can represent showerheads, rivers, and lakes. Each section has an

attribute that describes the attributes, such as the name of a river or temperature.

3.1.2 Layer

Layer is a mechanism used to display geographic datasets in ArcGIS,

ArcGlobe, ArcScene. Each layer reference and explain in more detail how a dataset

by using symbols and text labels. When adding a layer on the map, you specify the

symbol and labeling dataset property and set the map.

Each map, globe, or scene document in ArcGIS is a composite of several

layers. Layer is displayed in a certain order on the map, and the sequence can be

seen in the table of contents. Layer composed of multiple shapefile and image.

Shapefile in a layer and comes out the bottom will be displayed first, followed by a

shapefile thereon. Her ideal sequence from top to bottom that is a point (point), line

(line), and the last field (boundary).

Layer provides the main ways when working with geographic data in ArcGIS.

As an example:

1. You can either access the data attributes for the feature layers by opening

the layer attribute labels.

2. In any layer users can perform data editing and adding new features.

3. You can drag and drop layers enter data for analysis using geoprocessing

models and the results of the model can be seen as a new layer.

4. There are several toolbars that can work with a layer depends on the type of

layer.

3.1.3 Computer Aided Design ( CAD )

Computer Aided Design is a computer program to draw a product or part of a

product. Products that want to be described could be represented by lines and symbols

that have specific meanings. CAD drawings can be 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional

images.

Starting from the drawing board now replace the function of CAD software has

evolved and integrated with software CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) and CAM

(Computer Aided Manufacturing). Integration is possible because the CAD software is

now mostly an application of 3-dimensional images or commonly called solid modeling.

Solid models allow the user to visualize the components and the use that users make

realistically. In addition the model have properties such as mass, volume, center of

gravity, surface area etc. Its simple CAD is a program for drawing buildings, building both

man-made (artificial) and natural.

Figure 3.2 Display of CAD in AutoCAD

CHAPTER IV ArcMap Develop

From the previous chapters explanation of what is meant Geographic

Information System (GIS) the purpose and benefits of GIS in their daily lives, as well

as devices used for preparing or making GIS data. Components and terms used in

building GIS. In this chapter it will be explained how to create a GIS with ArcGIS

applications primarily using ArcMap. Programs that are used are ArcGIS 10.1.

4.1 Activate ArcMapAfter installing the program ArcGIS 10.1 on your PC or Laptop make sure all

applications of ArcGIS can open properly. Then to activate or open ArcMap order is

as the following: “Start” a “All Programs” a “ArcGis” a “ArcMap”

Figure 4.1 An example of the display on the current desktop will open ArcMap

Figure 4.2 Display dialog box "ArcMap”

4.2 Setting the Map Unit, Display Unit and System Project MapAfter successfully opening the the following ArcMap Its is set the unit map,

view, and project map that will be created.

Figure 4.3 Display the main ArcMap window on the desktop and part ArcMap

To display and any tools that you want to show in ArcMap can be done by

pointing the cursor gets empty on the toolbar and then click the right mouse button

so that it appears the type of tools that are provided ArcGIS in the manufacturing

process data. Tick the tools you want to use. There are many options that are

commonly used, namely Draw, Editor, Tool, Standard, and Layout.

Draw consists of tools for drawing, namely the select element, rotate, zoom

to the selected element, the type of drawing, text, edit vertices, font, font size, bold,

italic, underline, font color, fill color, line color, color markers.

Figure 4.4 Draw Tool

Editor is a tool to create, edit shapefiles and make the data attributes of the

shapefile and a few other editor functions

Figure 4.5 Editor tools

Figure 4.6 Standard tool and its parts.

Here are the essential icons in ArcMap

New map file, create a new map.

Open, open the project a previously created.

Save, save the project that has been done.

Print, to print the map has been created.

Cut, to move the feature that has been edited and selected.

Paste, to execute a feature that has been copied or cut.

Delete, to remove the feature.

Undo & Redo, to cancel the previous action or return action before

being canceled.

Add the data, to call data on layer.

Map Scale, to adjust the scale on the map.

Editor toolbar, to display the editor toolbar.

Zoom in, how to use by dragging the desired region to clarify the view on a

larger scale

Zoom out, it works the same as zoom in but the function to zoom the map in

a smaller scale.

Fix zoom out, zoom to display the map so that the wider region.

Fix zoom in, to zoom the map so that the areas covered narrower.

Full extents, to show you a map overall.

Pan, to move the map view.

Select feature, to choose feature.

Pointer, this tool called the select elements in ArcGIS because in addition to

be used to show the data, as well as to choose the element layer.

Information, to get information about a feature. The information displayed is

the data contained in the data attribute.

Measure, this tool is used to measure distances on the map.

Hyperlink, to connect the object to a document files such as pictures, movies

or websites.

Find, to find the location of an object or a part of the map.

Find to XY, to search for locations by XY..

Once understanding the parts of the next general ArcMap users will set the

map units, display units and the Map Projection. To set the map units, display units

and Map Projection can be done by: “View ” a “Data Frame Properties” ” a “General”

Figure 4.7 Display View

Map units and display units is a unit of measurement used as the basis of

measurement or computation on the map. Determination of the type of folder units

and display units are used based coordinate system (Map Projection) is used. If the

coordinate system using Latitude and Longitude Map units used are Decimal

degrees and display units Decimal minute seconds. And if the coordinate system

used UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator), the map units are meters and meters of

display units as well. While the determination of map projection is based on the

needs of the desired map. In Indonesia, the coordinate system that is often used is

the Latitude and Longitude. For setting the coordinate system is: “View ” a “Data

Frame Properties” ” a “Coordinat system”

If desired geodetic coordinate system Latitude and Longitude then chosen

Geographic coordinate system a World a WGS 1984 .

As for the selected UTM system projected coordinat system a UTM a WGS1984. WGS 1984 divided into two northern hemisphere (north equatorial region

/ North latitude) and the southern hemisphere (the southern region of the equatorial /

LS).

4.3 Adding data

After setting the map units and display units and the Map Projection. The

next is the call data / add data. Adding data can be done with some ways. The

simplest way is to press the icon “add data” located on the toolbar. In the

dialog box to add data that appears, navigate to the directory where the file pointer

files are spatial layer. Select the data that you want and press the Add button.

Another way to call the existing data that is File a Add data will show some kind of

data that can be added.

Add XY data is a way to add data that is still in the form of coordinate data in

a table fomat / excel become a data point that have the coordinates. File a Add

data a Add XY data. Then press browse select the data table that contains the

data XY the next Add data. X field filled with X data that is longitude / Longitude and

Y fields filled with data Y is latitude / Latitude. Z field filled elevation data (if it has

height data is useful when the data will be processed into 3D). Then select the

desired coordinate system. The data point will appear in the layer.

Figure 4.8 How to add the data through the File tool.

Figure 4.8 How to add XY data

4.4 Creating Spatial Data

Spatial data as discussed in the previous chapter is the data which has a

reference terrestrial space (GIS), wherein various attributes of data located in

different spatial units.

4.4.1 Digitizing MapDigitization is the process of converting the geographic objects from analog

data into digital data. This analog data in the form of raster data. There are two

methods of digitized maps are: digitized using a digitizer and digitization onscreen.

That many do is digitized onscreen because it is easier to do without any additional

tools and more easily corrected if an error occurs.

4.4.2 Adding Image and GeoreferenceTo start creating digitized maps, need to know how to add images and to

update the georeference in the image so that the image can be positioned according

to the data geographical.

To add image data in ArcMap can be done in the following way. Add data

a select the desired data click Add. After the desired image appears, the next

step update georeference by activating the toolbar georeference. Click on the add

control points move the cursor to point that

known coordinates were right click and left together to enter the value XY point. Do

the same thing for some given point coordinates to minimize the difference value

shift. After entering the XY values cursor point georeferencing left click select update

georeferencing. further to see if users do have true add data C:\Program Files (x86)\

ArcGIS\Desktop10.1\ArcGlobeData select continent, if the image has been included

in the map of the world means that the user has successfully update georeferencing.

4.4.3 Creating a Layer or ShapefileAfter studying further inserting raster images or the user will create a layer or

shapefiles. Creating new shapefile by opening ArcCatalog specify a location to store

data. Right-click on the desired storage location select new a shapefile. Will pop up

a dialog box Create new shapefile.

Name the data as you wish, select

the appropriate feature type of data

that you want to make. Point for

point, polyline to a line, polygon for the field, multipoint

to point a very large number, multipatch to the field of

3D or volume. The next step of determining the spatial

reference coordinate system. As has been covered

previously. There are a few things you should consider

in determining the coordinate system of each system

has its advantages and disadvantages of each. If you

want to do the calculations to allow for the calculation

of length, area and volume of an object then you

should use the UTM system. The disadvantages when using UTM system must

know the object is entered located in the zone. As for the geodetic coordinate system

is universal no disadvantages in the system zones geodetic system users can not

perform calculations.

4.4.4 Editing Layer or Shapefile

r ArcCatalog a Connect to Folder

Objective that ArcCatalog can access existing data on PC

Figure 4.9 New Shapefile

After creating a new shapefile further editing or editing the shapefile. By

enabling the editor toolbar, click editor a The next start editing dialog box will appear

from start editing layer contains the name and description of the layer data frame is

the same as the spatial reference (coordinate system). Choose continue if you want

to continue and stop editing if you do not want the editing on the shapefile.

Figure 4.10 Start editing on toolbar editor

Once the editor has been active toolbar then click the Create Features

window to bring up the create features. After create features window will appear

which can be seen shapefile-editing and can add new features. Click shapefile which

will be editing will appear construction tools.

Figure 4.11 Create Features

provide options how to make a point, line, and polygon. Construction tools on the

point which is to make a point and the point at and line used to make points at the

end of the line. Construction tools to polyline / line is to create a line, rectangle to

create a line of square, circle to make a circular line, Ellipse to create an elliptical

outline, freehand to create a line that is made by hand. Construction tools for

polygon is to create a polygon, rectangle to create polygons rectangular, circle to

create a polygon-shaped circle, Ellipse to create a polygon-shaped ellipse, freehand

to create a polygon that is made by hand, auto complete polygon to create a polygon

from the polygon previously (Figure 4.12)..

Figure 4.12 Auto complete polygon

In the editor toolbar there are also some other tools such as: Straight segment is the default method to digitize the vertices of line or polygon features. A

vertex is placed each time you click, with the segments between vertices being

straight lines. And point arc segment allows you to specify the start and

endpoints of the curve, then define a radius for the curve. Trace helps you

create segments that follow along existing segments, right click on settings trace.

Edit vertex to view, select, and modify vertices and segments on the feature by

using vertex editing tools. Reshape feature tool to create a line or polygon

feature selected above. This feature takes the form of a first feature cut last feature.

Cut polygon tool to cut the polygon with the help of a line. Split which is

tool to cut the selected line into two features on the the desired location.

4.4.5 Adding Attribute Data

After making a feature or subsequent shapefile add attribute data on the

these features. By right clicking on the desired shapefile table of contents select

Open Attribute Table a Table Options a Add Field.

r Currently add Field (addition of an attribute column) should be considered after a stop editing

Figure 4.13 Stages to create attribute data

There are some types of fields in the data attributes and have different

functions in data presentation. The following types of data fields that are used:

1. Numbers, for the numbers or numeric input data using Short integer, Long

integer, Float, Double.

Data type Storable range Size (Bytes) Applications

Short integer -32,768 to 32,767 2Numeric values without fractional values within specific range; coded values

Long integer -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 4 Numeric values without fractional

values within specific rangeFloat (single-precision floating-point number)

approximately -3.4E38 to 1.2E38 4 Numeric values with fractional

values within specific rangeDouble (double-precision floating-point number)

approximately -2.2E308 to 1.8E308 8 Numeric values with fractional

values within specific range

Table 4.1 ArcGIS data types table

2. Text, to enter data using the type text field, either letters or numbers. This can

include street names, attribute properties, or other textual descriptions.

3. Dates, The date data type can store dates, times, or dates and times. The

default format in which the information is presented is mm/dd/yyyy hh:mm:ss

and a specification of AM or PM. When you enter date fields in the table, they

will be converted to this format.

4.5 Symbols and Labels

After the spatial element in the appear, which are often arranged first is the

display order of layers. In principle all spatial elements can be seen, but sometimes

not visible due to overlap with each other. That requires the setting such a way that

one element does not cover other elements. Typically data is a polygon covering the

data points, lines or polygons smaller. Therefore, such elements placed above the

point followed the line and the last order is data polygon. To regulate his order simply

by dragging the desired layers and sliding it up and down as needed on the table of

content.

To Change the shape of the symbol, size and orientation according to the

wishes colors so it takes some steps. In principle, these steps are the same for each

type layer. However, the first will explain the steps on the symbol type of a point

which is:

1. In the table of contents select the desired layer and then double-click the

layer so that the Symbol dialog box appears Selector.

2. In the dialog box reviews their color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style

references.

3. Color to change the color as desired or condition, size for small to large

symbol.

4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new as desired.

Figure 4.14 Display symbol property editor

On the display the symbol property editor there are some parts there is a

preview (display the symbol of a point), the layer (elements constituent of the

symbol), the properties there are types and units, character marker consisting

of a font type, Subset, size, angle, color, offset. Mask is divided into some

parts, namely style and size. The style divided in two which is none (without

background) and halo (as background) is a measure of the size backround.

For the symbol on the layer type of line is basically the same with the symbol

point. But there is a little different. First steps as follows:


layer so that the dialog box appears Symbol Selector.

2. In the dialog box contained color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style

references.


symbol.

Figure 4.15 Display symbol property editor for the line

4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new. In the symbol

properties for the line editor is basically the same. Namely preview, layer,

properties, and cartographic line, templates, line properties. On cartographic

line for setting the color and thickness of the desired line. Template to create

a repeating pattern of lines. Line properties consist of offset and line

decorations.

For the symbol on layer type polygon basically the same as the symbol of a

point and line. But contained a little different as follows


layer so that the dialog box appears Symbol Selector.

2. In the dialog box contained color, size, edit symbol, save as, reset, style

references.


symbol. Outline width thickness of borders, the outline color from the

borders.

4. Edit symbol to edit the existing symbol or create a new. In the symbol

properties for the line editor is basically the same. Namely preview, layer,

properties, and picture fill, fill properties. At polygon users can create their

own symbol desired and save the .bmp format and display it on this ArcGIS.

By clicking on the picture fill to open the desired file, select the picture you

want to become a symbol and then open. Furthermore contained angle, scale

X, scale Y, forground color, background color, outline everything serves to

regulate the display of the symbol that was opened previously. While on the

fill properties for setting the offset and separation from the symbol

Figure 4.16 Display symbol property editor for the polygon

Label is the text or string that serves as a brief description of the spatial

element. This text comes from an attribute table field this layer. So before the label is

displayed together with spatial elements, the data values the corresponding need to

be prepared on the table attributes.

Steps to display the label on the data frame together with other elements

which is:

1. Displaying composition (size, symbol, and color) on the layer.

2. Select the label layer that will display in the table of contents and then right-click

context menu to appear.

3. In the context menu that appears, select the sub menu label feature, automatically

labels on the selected layer will appear. The label comes from the attributes /

fields of the default layer.

And to remove the label from the layer have been raised can be done in the

same way when attaching the label. That is by removing the check on the sub menu

label features. The sub menu acts as a toggle on / off the display element labels.

Figure 4.16 Display Layer and menu-related context

To make detailed labels can be done by opening the layer properties, by

double clicking on the selected layer. Then select labels will pop up a dialog box for

labels. In the dialog box that can do some things:

1. To display the labels of the layer is done by checking the checkbox

"Label features in this layer" method "label all the features the same

way”.

2. To determine the color of the label can be done by clicking the color

until the dialog box choose colors available.

3. To determine the style label select the bold, italic, and underline.

4. To define the label font, select the desired font in the existing

combobox. The same for the font size select the size of the existing

combobox.

5. To determine the style label (a label with a particular style of writing

that can be modified) press the button Label style until to appear label

style selector dialog box. In the dialog box choose the desired style.

6. To determine the location the label from the position of the layer by

click placement properties, select the desired position and fit needs.

Figure 4.17 Display of the Layer Properties dialog box: Labels

CHAPTER VQUERY

Query is a user-request, a kind of "demand" or "question" that is sent to a

system, DBMS, database, or database files to get the data (information) with terms,

conditions or criteria. With a query, a system (GIS which can also act as a system or

DBMS spatial) will browse through all the records in a table, layer, or entity-set

(feature-class) are associated and then select (SELECT) also provides a variety of

relevant information on request which implements the query form.

In general, the type of query can be grouped into two types of queriesthat is

[1] spatial query (query associated with aspects of positional or geometric spatial

element) to the operator: "intersect", "contain", "are within a distance of" "are

completely within", "are contained by" and the like; and [2] query non-spatial

(attribute) to the operator: "Like", "Or", "And", "Not", "Is", "%", "<", ">", "=", "> =", "<="

"()" and similar. However we, in practice that is widely used that is the query that is a

combination of both types. The query results are presented in two ways; [1] The

table attribute display (with the selected records are highlighted in the default color)

and [2] the spatial layer or feature-class (with a spatial element that is highlighted by

default color).

5.1 Query Non-Spasial (Atrribut)

Query non-spatial (attribute) is the selection of data based on non-spatial

data (attributes). This query is often called SQL (Sequenced Query Language). The

following steps by steps perform non-spatial query:

a) Displaying the layers in the data frame will be selected to be queried.

b) Use a main menu Selection a Select by Attributes, will display a dialog box

“Select By Attributes”

c) In the dialog box combobox "Layer" select the layer name that you want to query.

d) In the combobox "Method", choose one of the methods query. "Create a new

selection" (elements selected items is the result of the last election / new) "Add to

current selection" (selected items is the result of the last election / new plus

elements previously selected) "Remove from current selection" (selected items

are previously selected element is reduced by the last selected element) "Select

from current selection" (selected element is the element that previously selected

and must also be elected at the last query).

e) Double-click the field names contained in the listbox and combine with the key

logical operators (=, <>, "Like",>,> =, "And", <, <=, "Or", _,%, () "Not", "Is").

r If the field is a text it is necessary to additional "" at the beginning and end of text

are queried. It should be noted that in the writing-query should be the same so

that the query can run. The use of "And" to slice and "Or" for the set.

Figure 5.1 Display dialog box Select by Attributes

f) After creating a query formula then press the Verify button to make sure that the

formula that created is correct, if the formula created has been correct dialog box

will display "The expression was successfully verified".

r If a dialog box display verify "The expression was successfully verified, but no

records were Returned". That is the text of the formula is correct but there is no

corresponding data of these conditions. "There was an error with the expression.

An invalid SQL statement was used "means the query is not the right formula.

g) After that press Ok

The query attribute can also be done in the following way:

a) Select the layer to be queried, right-click the layer that is on the table of contents.

b) Select Properties a Definition query a query builder. Will pop up a dialog box

query builder.

c) Then press Double-click the field names contained in the listbox and combine with

the key logical operators (=, <>, "Like",>,> =, "And", <, <=, "Or", _,%, (), "Not",

"Is").

d) When finished created formula query, click Verify to make sure the formula that

created the right or wrong.

r If a dialog box displaying verify the expression was successfully verified ". Means

the formula is made properly and the data can be queried visible.. "The

expression was successfully verified, but no records were returned". That is the

text of the formula is correct but there is no corresponding data of these

conditions. "There was an error with the expression. An invalid SQL statement

was used "means the query is not the right formula.

5.2 Spatial QueryIn addition to the attribute-based query / some non-spatial queries based on

spatial aspect, which is select by location. The following general steps to select by

location:

a) Displaying a spatial layer that you want to query the table of contents.

b) Use main menu “Selection a select by Location.

c) It would display the dialog box "Select by Location". In the combobox "Selection

method" select destination election (query results); "Select features from"

(elements chosen is the result of the last election / new), "Add the currently

selected features in" (element chosen is the last elections / new elements

previously selected [if any]), "Remove from the currently selected features in"

(element selected is an element chosen previously reduced by an element

selected last / new), "Select from the currently selected features in" (element

selected the elements previously selected and also to be elected in the last

query / latest).

d) Next the listbox "Target Layer (s)" enable the appropriate checkbox located on

the left of the layer name that you want to query (target feature)

e) In the combobox "Source layer" select the layer that will be the selection

indicator of the query.

f) In the combobox "Spatial selection method features the target layer (s)", select

the mode of operation or spatial query to be executed; [1] "Intersect", [2] "Are

within a distance of", [3] "Completely contain", [4] "Have Reviews their centroid

in", [5] "Share a line segment with", [6] "Touch the boundary of", [7] "Are

indentical to" [8] "Are crossed by the outline of", [9] "Contain", and [10] "Are

contained by".

g) Then press OK or Apply

Figure 5.2 Display dialog box "Select by Location"

Besides to the spatial query form of select by location, there is also a certain

distance on the terms of the spatial query on a layer that references the election.

Here are the steps that query:

a) Showing up a spatial layer in the table of contents that will be queried.

b) Choose a spatial element that will serve as a reference (source features); using

one of the methods elections, especially tool "Select Features".

c) On the main menu select “Selection a select by Location”.

d) In the dialog box Select by Location ". In the combobox "Selection method"

select destination election (query results).

e) Next in the listbox "Target Layer (s)" enable the appropriate checkbox located

on the left of the layer name that you want to query (target feature)

f) In the combobox "Source layer" select the layer that will be the selection of a

reference query.

g) In the combobox “Spatial selection method target layer features(s)”, elect the

mode of operation or spatial query to be executed.

h) Determine the desired distance and distance units

i) Next press OK or Apply

After doing his query results can be converted into a new layer and save it

into a new shapefile. Without removing the previous layer. Here are the steps that

can be done to create a new layer of previous data query results:

a) Right click on the layer that has been select by previous location.

b) “Selection a create layer from selected features”.

c) It would show that the new layer is the result of the previous query on the table

of contents.

d) Right Click the new layer select Data a Export Data”. Dialog box will show

export data.

e) Click browse to the location of the new shapefile data storage, create and

change the name of a data type into shapefile.

f) Next press OK or Apply.

Figure 5.2 Display dialog box “Export Data”

CHAPTER VI Geo-Processing

In general, geoprocessing is processing or analysis of spatial elements. The

basic purpose is to facilitate the geoprocessing ArcGIS users to leverage automatic

facilities for spatial analysis. Spatial analysis consists of two that Analysist tools

(vector) and Spatial Anaysist Tool (raster). Which will be discussed in this chapter

Analysit tools (vector).

Analysis Tool obtainable in section Analysis Tool consists of several main

parts;

Extract, which consists of four functions: Clip, Select, Split, and Table Select

Overlay, consisting of Erase, Identity, Inter section, Symmetrical Difference,

Union and Update.

Proximity, consisting of Buffer, Multiple Ring Buffer, Near, and Point Distance.

Statistic composed of Frequency and Summary Statistics

6.1 Extract6.1.1 Clip

Use this tool to cut out a piece of one feature class using one or more of the

features in another feature class as a cookie cutter. The steps are as follows:

Figure 6.1 Illustration of the clip

1. When the Input Features are polygons, the Clip Features must also be

polygons.

2. ArcToolbox a Analysis tools a Extract a Clip. Double click on the feature clip

so that it will display a dialog box "clip" In “Input Features” press to locate

the storage layer to be in-clip.

Figure 6.2 Display dialog box “Clip”

3. In “Clip Features” press to locate the storage layer that will be a cookie

cutter.

4. In “Output Feature Class” press to determine the location of saved data has

been cut in the future.

5. Press the OK button.

6.1.2 SelectThis function is Database Query (SQL) as the user has previously learned.

6.1.3 SplitFor almost the same split command with command clip, but the difference is:

1. Data feature to clip his (split) should have a column in Table attribute. The Split

Field data type must be character.

2. The output is stored in the folder, and the result is a separate feature for each

split.

Figure 6.3 Illustration of Split

6.1.4 Select TableSelects table records matching a Structured Query Language (SQL)

expression and writes them to an output table. Steps to function as follows:

a) ArcToolbox a Analysis tools a Extract a Table Select

b) Dialog box show "Select Table". Fill combobox "Input Table" layer that will be

the Select Table.

c) Input combobox “Output Table” where the layer that will be saved after the

"select Table"

d) Click SQL on the right side of Expression combobox to select the formula.

e) Press OK

Figure 6.3 Display dialog box Select Table

6.2 Overlay6.2.1 Erase

Creates a feature class by overlaying the Input Features with the polygons of

the Erase Features. Only those portions of the input features falling outside the

erase features outside boundaries are copied to the output feature class. Commands

such as the Clip command.

Figure 6.4 Illustration Erase function

a) Klik ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a Erase

b) Continue to select “input Feature” (the layer that you want to erase), than input

“Erase Features”

Figure 6.5 Dialog box “Erase”

c) When entering the layer will be automatically erase the output feature class will

be filled, if the user wants to save it in another folder, the user can press a

button .

d) After determining the location of save data than press OK.

Figure 6.5. Examples of display before and after the "Erase"

6.2.2 IdentityThe input features or portions thereof that overlap identity features will get the

attributes of those identity features. Commands such as the Split command:

Figure 6.6 Illustration of Identity

a) Enable function “Identity” on toolbox: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a Identity

Figure 6.7 Display dialog box Identity

b) Select “Input Feature ” add layer to be in identity

c) Select “Identity Features” add layer

d) Input “Output Feature Class” the name and location of the file saved, then press

OK

Figure 6.8 Example of display before and after the "Identity"

6.2.3 IntersectIntersect is used to combine two spatial data sets which intersect, only these

features are contained in a second layer extent this will be displayed. Attributes on

the second layer will also be combined with the new shapefile. This layer can be

input line or polygon, while the overlay layer must be of type polygon. The steps are

as follows:

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the "Intersect"

a) Enable function “Intersect” in toolbox: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a Intersect

b) In dialog box Intersect, on combobox “Input Features” select data or layer to be

intersect.

Figure 6.8 Dialog box of the function “Intersect”

c) Coloumn “Features” input with additional layer to be intersect

d) On combobox “Output Feature Class” will be filled in automatically when the

combobox input feature filled. If the user does not agree to change it manually.

e) Than press OK

6.2.4 Symmetrical Differrence

Features or portions of features in the input and update features that do not

overlap will be written to the output feature class.

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the function "Symmetrical Differrence"

a) Function “Symmetrical Differrence” the steps are the same as other overlay. The

input layer will be symmetrical difference in input Features

Figure 6.10 Display dialog box “Symmetrical Difference”

b) Select the layer to be symmetrical difference in the combobox "update features"

c) Output Feature Class will be filled in when filling out the input features, if users

want to replace it can be done manually.

d) Press Ok

Figure 6.11 Example of display before and after the "symmetrical difference"

6.2.5 UnionUnion functions used to create a new layer from the merger of two layers. All

features and their attributes will be written to the output feature class.

Figure 6.9 Illustration of the function "Union"

a) Enable function “Union” pada toolbox yaitu: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a Overlay a Union

b) Input Feature select layer which would combine

c) Output Features Class will be filled in automatically after entering the input

feature layer, if the user wants to change the name and location of the data

storage users can manually change.

d) Press OK

Figure 6.10 The dialog box of the function "Union"

6.2.6 UpdateThe attributes and geometry of the input features are updated by the update

features in the output feature class.

Figure 6.11 Illustration of the function "Update"

Steps were also the same with other overlay. Input features, updates and

features output feature class.

Figure 6.12 Display dialog box of the function "Update"

6.3 Proximity6.3.1 Buffer

Buffer is a function of proximity. Which serves to make the buffer layer or new

feature where a new feature of the perimeter that has to be a certain distance.

Figure 6.13 Illustration of the function "Buffer"

a) Enable function “Union” on toolbox: ArcToolbox a AnalystTool a proximity a Buffer

Figure 6.14 Dialog box “Buffer”

b) On combobox “Input Feature” select the layer that will be in the buffer.

c) Give the name and specify the location of data storage on the combobox

“Output Feature Class”

d) Combobox “Distance” Input the desired distance and the distance of the unit.

e) Then press OK

CHAPTER VII SPATIAL ANALYSIS

As we know that spatial analysis is one technique or process that involves a

number of functions count and evaluation of mathematical logic performed on spatial

data in order to obtain extraction, value added or new information also spatial

aspects. Because such a broad scope, many topics that can be covered by it.

Similarly ArcGIS rich functions of spatial analysis.

In ArcGIS desktop-based, spatial analiyst an extension that provides powerful

tools and a complete modeling and analysis of spatial based mostly raster. In ArcGIS

desktop-based, spatial analiyst an extension that provides powerful tools and a

complete modeling and analysis of spatial raster based mostly. With the extension of

this one, ArcGIS users can also (1) reduce new information from existing data; (2) to

analyze spatial relationships; (3) establish a spatial model; (4) Operate complex

raster. However, as already mentioned, since the extension "Spatial Analyst" operate

by incorporating spatial data either raster or vector, then the initial phase, users need

to first prepare two types of data. Below are some examples of the use of the

functions contained in the Analysts extension "Spatial Analyst" embodied in the

toolbar "Spatial Analyst".

7.1 Conversion to Spatial Data Formats RasterImplementation of spatial data elements are divided into several types, types,

or formats. Data spatial raster format ArcGIS is one of the most important. This

format is used as input and output by most spatial analysis of the extension "Spatial

Analyst" of ArcGIS. Therefore, the following are some of the conversion process is

required (assuming that the panel had raised the Toolbox window in ArcMap

application by pressing a button ) to convert various forms / data format (digital)

into a raster format ArcGIS spatial data

Figure 7. 1 Display Panel Arc Toolbox “Conversion tools”

ASCII to RasterThe steps necessary to convert ASCII data format (header plus matrix elements) to

raster is as follows::

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a To Raster a ASCII to Raster” until

dialog box show “ASCII to Raster”

2) In the dialog box, press the open ( ) which is located right on the right textbox

"Input ASCII raster files" to determine the name of the ASCII file.

r A few seconds automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does

not agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.

3) In the combobox "Output Data Type" choose the type of data that is the numeric

value of the presentation (matrix) contained in the ASCII file; integer or float

(real number)..

4) Then press OK

DEM to RasterSteps required to convert spatial data formats DEM (Digital Elevation Model) USGS

format to raster as a follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a To Raster a DEM to Raster”

that dialog box show “DEM to Raster”.

2) In the dialog box press the open ( ) which is located just on the right

textbox "Input USGS DEM file" to determine its DEM file name.

r Moments automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user

does not agree with the default name, the user can switch it manually by

typing directly.

3) In the combobox "Output Data Type" choose the correct numeric data type

the percentage value (matrix) contained in the DEM file; integer or float (real

number).

4) Than press OK

Point to RasterThe steps necessary to convert spatial data (shapefiles) point type to a raster type is

as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a To Raster a Point to Raster”

that dialog box show “Point to Raster”.

2) In the dialog box, press the open ( ) which is located just to the right of the

textbox "Input Features" to specify the file name of the spatial data

(shapefiles) containing the point in question features.

r automatically textbox "Output Raster" will be filled, if the user does not

agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.

3) In the combobox "Field Value" choose a field whose value will be used as the

identity of the raster; for example field "ID" or "FID"

4) Then press OK

Polyline to RasterSteps needed to convert spatial data (shapefiles) line type to raster is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a To Raster a Polyline to

Raster” that dialog box show “Polyline to Raster”.


textbox “Input Features” to specify the file name of the spatial data

(shapefiles) that contains a line that features intended.


agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.



4) Then press OK

Polygon to RasterSteps needed to convert spatial data (shapefiles) polygon type to raster is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a To Raster a Polygon to

Raster” that dialog box show “Polygon to Raster”.


textbox “Input Features” to specify the file name of the spatial data

(shapefiles) that contains a line that features intended.


agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly..



4) Then press OK

Figure 7.2 Display dialog box Polygon to Raster

7.2 Conversion of Spatial Data Formats RasterAfter discussing the conversion spatial data to raster, in this sub chapter will

discuss the conversion raster to spatial data. Assuming that ArcToolbox been show

in the application window.

Raster to ASCIISteps needed to convert spatial data raster type to ASCII is as:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a Format Raster a Raster to ASCII”

that dialog box show “Raster to ASCII”.

2) In the dialog box, press the open ( ) which is located on the right textbox

"Input Raster" to specify the file name of spatial data format raster to be

converted (TXT, JPG, etc.)

r automatically textbox "Output Raster ASCII File" will be filled in, if the user does

not agree with the default name, the user can manually change the type directly.

3) Then press OK

Raster to PointSteps needed to convert spatial data raster type to point is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a Format Raster a Raster to point”

that dialog box show “Raster to point”.



converted (TXT, IMG, JPG, etc)

r automatically textbox “Output point” will be filled, if the user does not agree

with the default name (shapefile / shp *), users can switch manually by typing

directly.

3) In the combobox "Field" select Value

4) Then press OK

Figure 7.3 Display dialog box Raster to Point

Raster to PolylineSteps needed to convert spatial data raster type to polyline is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a Format Raster a Raster to

polyline” that dialog box show “Raster to polyline”.






directly.

3) In the combobox "Field" select Value

4) Then press OK

r After the the conversion process is complete will show in the shapefile line

elements will be displayed on dataframe ArcMap. Of course, after this step the

user still needs to re-examine the integrity of the results of this conversion. Are

these elements need to be connected or separated from one another to get the

actual entity (intact).

Raster to PolygonSteps needed to convert spatial data raster type to polygon is as follows:

1) Double click menu/item “Conversion Tools a Format Raster a Raster to

polygon” that dialog box show “Raster to polygon”.






directly.

3) Then press OK

r After the the conversion process is complete will show in the shapefile polygon

elements will be displayed on dataframe ArcMap.

7.3 Displaying Panel/Spatial Analyst ToolbarWhen you want perform Spatial Analyst toolbar first show Spatial Analyst

toolbar itself. Steps by steps that should be carried out as follows:

1) Use menu “customize a Extantions” that dialog box show ”Extensions”.

2) In dialog box show, enable (click) checkbox “Spatial Analist”

Figure 7.4 Display dialog box Extension

3) Choose button ”Close”

4) Restore previous display ArcMap application.

5) Use menu “customize a Toolbars a Spatial Analist” until the toolbar show

“Spatial Analist”.

7.4 Displaying Histogram RasterTo display histogram from raster layer, can be done in the following way::

1) Display a raster layer (single band or a digital image that has been converted

DEM) into dataframe until its name show in the listbox "Layer" toolbar "Spatial

Analyst".

2) Press button “ Histogram”

7.5 Raster Interpolation

Interpolation is a method of generating a new data point within a range of a

discrete set of known data. Or interpolation approach / approximation of a complex

functions through a simple function. At ArcGIS users can interpolate the data. Many

times when the the field measurements are not done the entire work area only at

certain points so that the required interpolation data based on existing data.

There are three interpolation methods are often used in ArcGIS is: inverse

distance weighted, spline, dan kriging.

Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)Here are the steps required for raster interpolation using method Inverse Distance

Weighted (IDW):

1) Use menu drop down “Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a “Inverse Distance

Weighted”.

2) In dialog box IDW press button “Open” ( ) which is located on the textbox

"Input Points" to determine the name of the feature class (shapefiles) which

contains sample data point.

3) In the combobox "Z value field" specify the name of the field that contains the

value of height or the amount of other measurable phenomena.

4) Allow the default value for

the number of points, unless

the number of the best

known with certainty.

5) Allow the default values for

power.

6) Press “Open” ( )which is

located on the textbox

"Raster Output" to name a

raster interpolation method

IDW.

7) Then press OK

Figure 7.5 Display dialog box Inverse Distance Weighted

r After completion of the interpolation process will show raster height IDW

interpolation method on dataframe ArcMap.

Figure 7.6 Display Raster interpolation using Inverse Distance Weighted method

SplineWith almost the same step, any user perform spline interpolation raster method.

Only, in this method the user need:

1) Use menu drop down “Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a Spline”. in

exchange “Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a “Inverse Distance Weighted”.

2) Determine the type of spline; tension or regularized

Figure 7.7 Display Raster using Spline interpolation method

Kriging

With almost the same step, raster interpolation with kriging method can be

done by:

1) Use menu drop down “Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a Kriging”. In

exchange “Spatial Analist a interpolate to raster a “Inverse Distance Weighted”.

2) Determine the detail option kriging: ordinary or universal.

3) Determine the semi-variogram models; spherical, circular, expotential, linear or

Gaussian.

Figure 7.8 Display Raster using Kriging interpolation method

CHAPTER VIII LAYOUT MAP

Layout according to a GIS software terminology is a collection of map

elements are placed and organized in a page. In general, the elements of which

might include a square box / line edge of the map, the map scale and scale bar scale

figure, a symbol of the north map (north arrow), the title of the map (map title), grid,

etc.

8.1 Setting Layout8.1.1 Adjusting ProjectionLatitude and longitude coordinates system

a). Right-click on the active layer, then click Properties a Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.

b). Dialog box will show Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.

c). In dialog box Select a coordinate system, pilih Predefined a Geographic

Coordinate System a World a WGS1984.

UTM Coordinates System

a). Right-click on the active layer, then click Properties a Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.

b). Dialog box will show Data Frame Properties a Coordinate System.

c). In dialog box Select a coordinate system, pilih Predefined a Projected

Coordinate System a UTM a WGS1984 a Northern Hemisphere/Southern

Hemisphere

8.1.2 Setting Page Layout

a). To set the page width. Right-click on the page layout of the page and select

Page and Print Setup. Box will show Page and Print Setup.

b). Another step is to click the menu File a Page and Print SetupThis will bring up a

dialog box Page and Print Setup.

c). Dialog box Page and Print Setup is used to change the page orientation portrait

to landscape or otherwise. The page size can be changed by editing properties

dialog box.

Figure 8.1 Display dialog box “Page and Print Setup”

8.2 Addition of Elements Map8.2.1 Addition Grid Mapa) Right-click on the data frame, select

Properties.

b) Or to menu View a Data Frame

Properties.

c) Data Frame Properties dialog box a Grids a NewGrid.

d) Next a dialog box will show Grids and Graticules Wizard.

Figure 8.3 Display Grid and Graticules Wizard

e) The dialog box Grid and Graticules Wizard will guide the user passes through

four stages to complete the map with line coordinates and the coordinates. In

the first phase the user will

select the type of

coordinates and the

coordinates of the desired

line. Click Next.

Figure 8.2 Display “View”

r Graticule for Latitude and Longitude coordinate system and

the Measured Grid for UTM coordinate system

f) The second phase will guide the user to create a line coordinates and determine

the interval line coordinates on the map. Set the coordinates of the 2-minute

interval, if you feel too close interval change intervals a larger. Click next.

Figure 8.5 Display “Axes and labels”

g) The third step is to edit the label coordinates and the coordinates of the line. Set

the font size to 8, with a change in the text box style. Or adjust the font size as

you want. Click Next.

Figure 8.4 Display “Create a graticule”

Figure 8.6 Display “Create a graticule”

h) The fourth stage to create a boundary box coordinates on the map. When

finished, click Finish.

8.2.2 Addition Scale

a) Click Insert a Click Scale Bar for additional scale.

b) Dialog box Scale Bar Selector will show. The scale can be edited by clicking

Properties.

Figure 8.7 Display “Scale Bar Selector”

c) Select the desired scale form, and click OK.

d) Click scale and drag to the

empty page in page layout.

e) Users can also add text scale.

click Insert a ScaleText.

f) Then ScaleText Selector box

will show.

g) Scale text can be changed by selecting Properties. Once the user selects the

type of scale you want, click Ok.

8.2.3 Addition North Arrow

a) Click Insert a North Arrow.

b) North Arrow Selector dialog box will show. North arrows can be edited by clicking

the Properties button.

Figure 8.9 Display “North Arrow Selector”

c) Select the North arrow you want, and then click OK.

d) Click the north arrow, drag to a blank page at page layout.

8.2.4 Addition Title Map

a) Click menu Insert a Title.

b) Write a title that represents the map in the

title box. To change the shape and size of

the title as needed, right click on the title

Figure 8.8 Display “Scale Text Selectore”

bar and select Properties. After that will come the Properties box. Type the title in

the text field provided.

8.2.5 Addition Map Legend

Click menu Insert a Legend. Dialog box Legend Wizard will show. This box

will guide users through the five stages in making the legend as desired.

Figure 8.11 Display Insert “Legend”

a) The first phase will guide the user to select the data you want displayed in the

legend box. Select the desired data to display boxed legend. Click Next.

Figure 8.10 Display Insert “Title”

Figure 8.12 Display “Legend Wizard”

b) The second phase guiding the user to create a legend title in accordance with

the desired.

c) The third stage is to make the legend boxed as you want. Click the drop down

menu to add a frame border legend box. Choose border black line with a

thickness 3. Click the drop down menu to select the background color.

d) The fourth stage to edit the size and shape of symbols that represent each user

data as desired. For example, the symbol for the parcels of data can be resized

and shape into oval, circle or box.

e) The final stage guiding the user to determine the distance between the parts

presented in the map legend. Click Finish after completing the Legend Wizard.

8.3 Saving MapTo save a new map, click the file menu a save as. Or by clicking on the icon.

The map can be stored in the extension MXD and MXT. Extensions MXD is to keep

the map in the form of project documents, while the MXT extension to save the map

in the form template.

Figure 8.13 Display File “Save as”

8.4 Export Map

Click menu File a Export Map. Maps can be exported to various formats, such

as PDF, JPEG, TIFF, and others.

tutorial arcgis 10 eng version

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