Tutorial 1

1)

Briefly describe travel of action potential in human cell and what could trigger the travel. In the example of cardiac cell, elaborate the importance for simulation to be after a certain time frame and why?

2)

Describe level of physiological effects with increased of simulation frequency on human body. Give one example on how can the effect be manipulated in medical fields.

3) Describe all level of physiological effect due to electrical shock based on the strength of current.

4) Elaborate on the factors that could affect the severity of an electrical shock?

5) Briefly explain the type of electro-medical equipments.6) Describe all type of electrical safety tests need to be conducted on class I medical devices.7) Differentiate the two type of electrical shock based on their entry points.8) Using the skin resistance in the Table below, compute the voltage levels that would deliver a

macroshock current of 5 mA, Is between two surface electrodes for each case: dry skin, electrode gel treated skin and penetrated skin. Given the electrode area is 15.5 cm2.

Condition Skin resistance per square centimeter of electrode

Dry Skin 93 kΩElectrode gel on skin 10.8 kΩPenetrated Skin 200 Ω

9) Describe the components of total body impedance of contact current travel through a human body, and what are the factors that could affect the impedance?