tvpaint tutorial 12

8/12/2019 TVPaint Tutorial 12

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The effects in the Color menu

Below, a 2oom on the red area of the image :

Default settings Parameter Red (value 0) riginal image Parameter Red (value 255)

The Color > Color Adjusteffect

%e+ll #eep the image from the !eginning of this chapter andstudy the Color Adjust effect shown opposite in detail.

This effect uses the traditional notions of color modificationfor drawing and photo touch)up software pac#ages:

3 The Brightness parameter is used to increase or decrease the glo!al !rightness of the currentimage or video "use negative values to decrease !rightness$.In other words, all the piels present are either changed over to the !lac# color or the white color.

!rightness " #5$ riginal image !rightness % #5$

3 The Contrastparameter, if increased, will accentuate the luminosity differences !etween the lightand dar# areas. %hen decreased, it will reduce them. setting close to '445 will only ma#e the primary colors appear, as well as !lac# and white. setting close to '445 will ma#e the image or footage almost entirely gray.

Contrast " #5$ riginal image Contrast & #5$

3 The Saturation parameter accentuates or reduces color vivacity. setting close to '445 willreduce the num!er of piels close to the gray colors while reviving the colors, a setting close to

'445 will produce a gray drawing.

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'aturation " #5$ riginal image 'aturation & #5$

3 The Gamma setting is often used for photo touch)up !ut also ena!les lightening or dar#ening animage without leaving the impression that a dar# or light sheen was placed over it. Its value mayvary !etween 4.4' and 7.

amma 2 riginal image (amma 1) amma 0*5

t first sight, the Gamma parameter seems to have the same effects as theBrightness parameter. This is true, with the difference that the Brightness

parameter affects all piels on the screen whereas the Gammaparameter affectsthe light and dar# piels only marginally.

Below you will find an eample of the difference !etween a gamma reduction and a reduction ofthe !rightness :&educing the Gamma !y half only slightly affects the piels ma#ing up the paint and the!ac#ground: the latter remain !right and clear.8odifying the Luminosityto 745 gives the same piels a dar#er hue.

riginal image (amma 1) amma 0*5 Luminosit+ % 50$

3 The Angle parameter ena!les rotation of colors at the angle of your choice around the colorwheel "see !elow$.

9or eample: going from angle 4 to the angle ;4 will transform the orange colors in the image togreen, !lue to purple,


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riginal image Rotation of colors of ,0- The color .heel

3 The Rotation parameter reflects the num!er of turns around the color wheel !efore arriving at thechosen angle. This allows you to ma#e the colors vary in a time cycle, which is sometimes usefulfor colored logos.

In the eample !elow, we start with a !lue T-aint logo "&>4, ?>4, B>(77$, placed on each imageof an animation layer comprising forty)eight images.

n animation #ey is placed at the first image of the layer, loc#ing the value 0 4 1 for the Rotationparameter. second #ey is placed at the last image of the layer, loc#ing the value 0 ( 1 for theRotation parameter.

%hen the 9@ stac# is applied, you see the following result:

The logo changes color in cycles, going twice in a row through the colors of the color wheel.

The Color > Color Erasereffect

*et+s assume that we want to delete the green and !lue colors in our image. This is easily doneusing the Color raser effect.

By erasing the color we understand erasing the data relative to the colorcomposing the piels and not modifying the opacity of the piels. In other

words, we unsaturate the piels with a precise hue.

riginal image /mage .ith green and lue

hues erased

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Atart !y selecting a color in the green area of the image in the Color !o of the panel a!ove. artof the green piels will then !e unsaturated and turn to gray. To o!tain a !etter finish, you mayincrease or decrease the tolerance or softness thresholds.

To select the piels according to their hues, the color !ar of the panel as well as the = mini)sliderswill help you.

non)unsaturated hues,

progressively unsaturated hues,

completely unsaturated hues,

The !nvert !utton is used to invert the final result: saturated piels !ecomeunsaturated and vice)versa. If necessary, the popup menu "isplay ena!les recoveryof source image viewing.

The Color > Tint Replacereffect

The #int Replacer effect is !ased on the sameprinciple as the Color raser effect, with thedifference that you do not unsaturate the

colors.Indeed, using Ahifting values ena!lesprogressive modification of the hue, saturationand luminosity of the chosen tint range. oumay thus easily toggle one color range toanother.

The Ahifting values are calculated as !eing0 gap 1 in the H.A.* system !etween the twocolors of the panel "!lue and yellow in thiseample$.

riginal image range tint changed to red tint

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The Color > Color replacereffect

This effect allows you to modify a color in an easy way, /ust !y choosing the Source color"the coloryou want to change$ and the "estination color "the one you want to o!tain$. If the change does notfit eactly your needs, you may use the parameters #oleranceand So$tness.

This effect is really useful to change a drawing with simple colors.

riginal image odified image

The Color > Curveseffect

ach piel on the screen is defined !y its components:3 The so)called R%G%B%Agenerates the color of a piel with four components: red, green, !lue andalpha. In this system, the values of the four components vary !etween 4 and (77.3 The %S%L%'system generates the color of a piel using four other components: hue, saturation,luminosity, opacity. In this system, the values of saturation and luminosity may vary !etween 4 and(77, the hue may have a value !etween 4 and 67; "thus the previously used concepts of angleand color wheel$.Inversely, any piel on the screen may !e !ro#en down in each of the two coordinate systems.8odifying the color of a piel therefore means you modify the values of its components.

The Curves effect ena!les precise management of thesemodifications: the (ode popup menu offers a choice !etweenthe two systems descri!ed a!ove.

*et+s go, for eample, into the %S%L%'system and ta#e a loo# atour image. Eet to the name of each component we find aminiature profile, compara!le to those we encountered whenstudying the drawing tools and acceleration of an effect.Clic# on the luminosity miniature profile to call up the edit profilewindow.

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The options proposed are traditional: flip the curve along the 0 @ 1or 0 1 aes, use pre)defined curves, save the settings, modifyinterpolation of the points Histograeffect

%e have /ust seen that it is possi!le to wor# on piels using curves.T-aint nimation also offers the possi!ility to wor# on the colors on a more 0statistic level1than#s to the istogrameffect.

The first function of the histogram is to provide information a!out the distri!ution of colors on thescreen.*et+s ta#e for eample the images !elow and select the (aster ta* in the first row of ta!s andLuminosity in the second. %e will o!tain the following graphs :

The Log !o ena!les use of a logarithmic scale instead of a proportional scale. 9or the moment,pay attention that this !o is not chec#ed "ine colori#eeffect

This effect allows you to colori2e the lines of yourdrawings, following the colors filled on the other

layers.

Three parameters can !e managed :J Radius "which allow you to choose the spread ofuour colori2e effect, following the line+s thic#ness$.

3rom left to right 8 Radius to 07 57 10 and 15*

- Couleur Source"that will define the color reference to colori2e your line$. *et+s ta#e this image,composed of several layers "!elow and a!ove the layer lines$.

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The Color sourcemode K.oregroundL : as a part of the her! layeris a!ove the line layer, the lines of the feet !ecame green.

The Color Source mode KBac#groundL : colors from the layer!elow is used as a reference to colori2e the drawing lines.

The Color Source mode K"isplayL : all colors visi!le have an

influence on the drawing lines.

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J Render mode: this paramater will allow you to choose the spread of the effect, following the(anhattanmode "rectangular spread$ or uclidianmode "circular spread$.

riginal image

$anhattan ode

Euclidian ode

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The Color 9:pand mode

This effect is used to epand a span of colors, !ut it will respect the notions of color gradient andsmooth on your image.

The options Radiusand Render modeare identical to the options met with the Line colori/eeffect.

T.o s;uares .ith a color gradientand a smal smooth on the orders

The E%pandeffect applied .ith a radius of 107 in Euclidian ode

The Colors > age !ourceeffect

It is necessary to #now a few effects of the Styli/egroup "li#e "rop Shado+, AddBorderor Lumi0, ...$ in order to master the!mageSourceeffect perfectly. Ao it will!e studied at the end of lesson '7.

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The effects of the Meying menu

The effects of the Keying menu

The Keyingmenu contains all effects which are used to ma#e a color on the screen transparent.These effects are sometimes called cut)out and incrustation effects.

The Keying > "ua Keyereffect

The Luma Keyereffect is used to render piels transparent according to their luminosity.%hen you have scanned an image on a white !ac#ground you o!tain a completely opaque layer.%ith the Luma Keyer effect is is therefore possi!le to ma#e the white piels of this imagetransparent:

*et+s ta#e a loo# at the drawing on real paper a!ove. pplication of the Luma Keyereffect set withcorrect parameters will render the light piels transparent "independent of their hue and saturation$,progressively increase the opacity of the medium tone piels and leave the dar# piels intact. Thisgives us the image shown to the right.

These are the functions of the Keying 1 Luma Keyereffect:3 The "isplay popup menu is used to choose !etween viewing the source image and viewing theresult.3 The color !o is used to choose the color the luminosity of which you wish to render transparentdirectly on the screen.3 The !uttons 2 andN are used to ad/ust the tolerance and softness of piel cut)out.

3 The mini)sliders allow ad/ustment of the following, depending on the luminosity and with the helpof the diagram !elow:

It is recommended to com!ine the Luma Keyer effect in a multiple 9@ stac#with the Colors 1 istogram or the Colors 1 Slider effects to !e a!le to

precisely ad/ust piel transparency "use the parameters relative to the alphacomponent$ and remove the gray aspect "light$ of semi)transparent piels.

'()'D The effects of the Colorand Keyinggroups

t this point, it is possi!le to re)color the image, if desired :simply place a layer under the image o!tained and spread thecolors of your choice on it "see eample opposite$.

ou may also use the shape floodfill tools studied in lesson D.

The type of piels which remain opaque

Those which are progressively made transparent

Those which will !e completely transparent


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The effects Keying 1 Luma Keyer and Colors 1 Scan Cleaner change the opacityof the piels differently : the Luma Keyerdoesn+t remove the unwanted pencilmar#s. The Scan Cleanerchange the color of the piels, and the Luma Keyerdoesn+t.

The Keying > Color Keyereffect

The Color Keyereffect uses the same principle as the LumaKeyer effect. It deletes the selected color on the image orvideo footage of your choice.It is no longer required to concentrate on piel luminosity !uton the entire color.

Two types of parameters may !e loc#ed with a #ey: #olerance and Smooth.In the 9@ stac# a!ove we see: the higher the value of the #olerance parameter, the more colorsclose to 0 !lue 1 will !e deleted.

The higher the value of the Smooth parameter, the less a!rupt the transition !etween opaque andtransparent piels will !e.

pposite, most of the !luish colors of the s#yand cloud !ecome transparent.

The green and dar# colors of the tree are furtheraway from !lue and therefore opaque.

%ith the !nvertparameter, the effect can #eep the color chosen in the Colorparameter whereas toremove it.

The opposite image shows the result

when the !nvertparameter is chec#ed.

These two #eying effects may, of course, !y applied to a complete footage,which ma#es wor# easier when using a scanner with loader or a recorded videosequence.

*et+s ta#e another concrete situation :

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The character near!y was shot in front of a !lue screen. %e are going to eplain how to removethis !lue !ac#ground and to replace it !y another !ac#ground.It+s a technique often used for animation : weather reports are shot with a single)colored!ac#ground which is removed and replaced !y a weather chart.*et+s go !ac# to our character : the purpose is to ma#e transparent all the !lue piels and todisplay a new !ac#ground on another layer. To do so, let+s load a landscape!ac#ground near!yand put it as an nimation layer, under the layer containing the character.

The !lue color is called keycolor"that+s why the effect is called #eying$.

ou should have a timelineloo#ing li#e this :

The same method is also used to create a weather report "see !elow$

There are other #eying effects, more comple, which have to !e used in some specific situations.

'()'G The effects of the Colorand Keyinggroups

Eow select the Color Keyereffect in the .3 stack.Choose a !lue piel from the !ac#ground and ad/ust thetoleranceandso$tnessparameters.

pply the effect to the whole image sequence, and here itgoes, the !lue !ac#ground has disappeared and is replaced!y the landscape.


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The Keying > Chroa Keyereffect

The Keying 1 Chroma Keyer effect is used to ma#e piels transparent depending on their tint andsaturation.

The panel and the !uttons of this effect loo# very similar to the ones of the effectColor O Color raser%That+s why we will not eplain each parameters in details...

*et+s ta#e for eample the video sequence a!ove with orange and red flowers. The !ac#ground ofthis sequence is a !lue)gray shutter "more or less dar# !lue)gray tints$.

If you use the Keying 1 Color Keyer effect !y selecting one of the dar# shutter colors, it will notremove all the shutter piels !ut it will remove some piels of the flower+s stal# too. "see !elow "'$$

If you use the Keying 1 Color Keyereffect !y selecting one of the light shutter colors, it will remove

all the piels of the shutter !ut it will remove the light piels of the flower+s too. "see !elow "($$

"'$ "($

The results a!ove, o!tained after the use of theKeying 1 Color Keyer effect, are imperfect.

The Keying 1 Chroma Keyereffect will help us to o!tain !etter results.

3 The #intparameter !ar will ma#e transparent the !lue piels in a wide range : light !lue or dar#!lue will not change the result. The orange)red piels of the flowers and the green piels of the

stal# will stay unchanged.

The effects of the Colorand Keyinggroups '()';


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3 The Saturationparameter !ar permits to ma#e green piels more or less transparent dependingon their saturation. s a consequence, we will !e a!le to ma#e transparent all the !lue)gray piels.

Here is the result : we finally succeed to #eep the piels of the flowers visi!le and ma#e the piels

of the shutter transparent.

To finish our wor#, we can easily add a landscape on a layer and put it !ehind the flowers layer."see the timeline !elow$

*et+s go !ac# to our !lue)screened character :

lthough we used the Keying 1 Color Keyer effectwith the our !lue)screened character in the lastchapter, you certainly guess that it is also possi!le to use the Keying 1 Chroma Keyer effect%

%hen characters are shot with !lue screen, there are sometimes some undesired light effects,especially little !lue reflections colori2ing some part of the image "see image !elow on the left$.

It is of course possi!le to remove the !lue tint to these piels !y ma#ing them grey. That+s thefunction of sliders and !uttons from the Spill Removalsection of the panel.

OO

'()(4 The effects of the Colorand Keyinggroups


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The Keying > Alpha Controleffect

*et+s ta#e !ac# the eample of our flowers. The Keying 1 Chroma Keyerhas !een already appliedand the landscape !ac#ground is visi!le !ehind the flowers. If you loo# at it in detail, you will seethat some imperfections remain : a !lac# !orderline, more or less visi!le, is still remaining, smalllines or points are not fully transparent and stand out from white clouds.

TheAlpha Control effect can fi these errors.

O

Here is how the effect appears in the 9@ Atac# :

3 ou can first notice the presence of a histogram, atool you are now familiar with. This one representsthe quantity of piels displayed on screen dependingon their luma "in percentage$.

3 In the !ottom of the panel, there are some numericfields and mini)sliders at your disposal :

The Shrink parameter can trim the opaque piels of the image. That is the !est to remove the !lac#!orders around the flowers.

The rode parameter erase progressively the opaque piels of the image !y starting from its!orders. It permits to soften the transition !etween transparent piels and opaque ones, and evento improve the superimposition effect.

Both Blur parameters can reduce and soften the shapes !orders !etween opaque piels andtransparent ones.

The Gainparameter permits to turn opaque and to dar#en piels which are almost transparent.

This is very useful to stand out the little imperfections, especially the ones that have not !een fullyremoved when using some Keyingeffects.

n the opposite, theLi$t parameter can turn opaque the piels which are almost transparent.


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The Keying > Advanced Keyereffect

The Advanced Keyer is the most comple and the most powerful Keying tool in T-aintnimation rofessional dition. perienced users often use it for very accurate #eyings.

%e have already seen that each color can !e !ro#en up in various ways depending on the colorsystem "&?B, HA*, U-$ while each system defines color channels. "the U- system is used!y the ETAC and * video formats$

TheAdvanced Keyer effect permits to cut)out on each color channel which allows you to do veryaccurate #eyings. "see !elow$

3 The Key ta! lets you ad/ust the #eyer in the different color systems.

3 The 8atte ta! has the same function as the previously descri!ed Keying 1 Alpha Controleffectso you can /ust ad/ust the cutout process !etter.

3 9inally, the Spill Removal ta! is also availa!le and wor#s the same as the Keying 1Chroma Keyerone.

%or#ing with the ueand Saturationcomponent of the HA* system is the samethan wor#ing with the Keying 1 Chroma Keyereffect.%or#ing with the Lumacomponent of the HA* system is the same as wor#ingwith the Keying 1 Luma Keyereffect.

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The Keying > Cross Keyereffect

The Keying 1 Cross Keyereffectwor#s in a different way than the other #eying effects :It doesn+t require to select a range of colors in a color system li#e &?B, TA*, U-, etc ...In this effect, you only need to define a first region whose colors will !e #ept, and another regionwhose colors will !ecome transparent.

Aelecting those two regions can !e easily done than#s to the two dedicated Region!uttons :3 To select the colors you want to #eep after applying the 9@, /ust use the left mouse !utton on theKeep!utton. fter this you will !e a!le to select an area directly on the HUP. "your cursor will !echanged into a lasso$3 To select the colors which will !ecome transparent, you can use the same method with the "rop!utton.

%hen selecting a new area on the HUP :3 Use the left mouse !utton to add it to the previously selected area.3 Use the right mouse !utton to su!tract it from the previously selected area.

To visuali2e the render of this effect, use the right mouse !utton on the current activated !utton

"Keepor "rop$. f course, the result depends on the two areas you have /ust selected.

In the eample !elow :n the left image : there are two areas located on the s#y and on the pathway. They indicate thecolors "red and cyan$ that will !e #ept on the whole picture.n the right image : there is one area located on the grass and on the trees. It indicates the colors"orange and green$ that will !e dropped.The picture in the right shows the result after applying the effect :

=eep region Drop region 3inal result

3 The s+ap keep and drop regions!utton allows to swap theKeepand "ropregions.

It is then possi!le to o!tain the opposite result.

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3 The (i0parameter allows to etend or restrict the num!er of colors located in the transparentarea of the resulting image.

i: 0$ i: 50$ i: 100$

3 The dgeparameter allows to ad/ust the miing level !etween the transparent and opaquepiels.The lower the value will !e, the less the two regions will differentiate. The higher the value will !e,the sharper the edges will appear.

9dge 0$ 9dge 50$ 9dge 100$

3 The Spill Removal parameter has the same function as the Spill Removal parametersencountered in the effect Keying 1 Chroma Keyer: it unsaturates the undesired light reflections.In the eample !elow, we 2oomed on the frontier !etween the grass and the pathway.

'ource /mage 'pill Removal 0$ 'pill Removal 100$

tvpaint tutorial 12

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