1.:'.1Cslc.. :i-..·.:.·i.'·::; c .*.f·. t i.:W.5f:'f.P..fE. '1..P·r licrrIFT.F-I_.-cv,, I,::!.·:·':.I -:i.I· -a;·i;Si·::·.:- "I.-":.·..+--.u:··.i .:.·*.w.c.L' -:"? ;.*' :';f-:27.tj:"' i;- ·i·fr ir."L i· . ·I.t'P·f-I i.·1.Llgi.S..I.·Z1-. irtl.i3rsi;fu.i;...` `I'f.P,.X?..iv·:·f- Sil;z.7i.iB. :cr.t ,Q'.·.'-s i.i..L.:::;·r:;.:. r..::··.-.rs..i···:fi·4;j...·( -.i.i:71; ..,iiI·. :.P.;"·i·.·: .; .- i;7 ·`FA'5 '·'i.k· ;.·:J .1;1:1:: :.ili

IVci .'..·· .: · ·;-

-LI.1:i-:.·r..il

glj.r;.r;;I -"..kl ·--.;-·i.I- i; I.a,;c.i .i ·. i·

: ::::-" :·: ·· -.--··; ·";";:";,'.r .. ."L 1 .:-i 1. :;i:: c-

s:i j.:r_ls..ir--·j, .·;·;-;."·.'b:;i·.··A.

Ct; -.Z-.i: :;='fi

·3..U;."F I.Ui .Y'.G' il· .v· ,.I..i.il..Uf.-.5..F;.i..i." ·:-1· ··r..c.SL.l..--·:!..j ;I·i.; ;-.-ca v;.Y1.Pf;4· .Zi=.C.l.y:CI- :·\*:.t''X.::;-whBi . J;i;--r Vf-·i iln.lIFIJ;. -c: :ii . r·

i;`l ··I;.1 *- V;.*· :.--·;.·\:r.·:ct·-i.o. _R Pj.c';·I·.:;i,·-·k..::`:.s;c.si·l:3.liSL·Zbtr.i:.4· `2?it r.r.l:--:-I.·····::·· :.._:n..·.:;.:.f. ;t::'·i.c .:c·;r. .;;;':;st:t:;c.i-.1:-

:4*:..1b %d1.·1!j-:I' '7M.;i:CP.t.i2r-

.ir."·b;.-..L ···-· -Ea.T.-t,.!- --.-r..c-;-ra j-.: ':·t;7r.c.iLf..cL·.·-''·;`i;·..s.i··.,?,k:

.b.i·f·-.iri·'r;i·

-I -.·. .t.·r:

n .i. Z-.n;

THE

POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 31 NUMBER 353 MARCH 1955

CONTENTSPAGE

SENILE ARTERIAL DISEASE:EDITORIAL 107

SOME PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ARTERIAL DISEASET. Crawford, B.Sc., M.D. lo8

SENILE PERIPHERAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS: CLINICAL ASPECTS ANDMANAGEMENT A. David Messent, M.B., F.R.C.S. I 3

CEREBRAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS R. T. C. Pratt, D.M., M.R.C.P., D.P.M. I17THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN SENILE ARTERIAL DISEASE

Douglas Robertson, M.A., D.M.(Oxon.), M.R.C.P. (Lond.) 121

ANTICOAGULANTS AND ARTERIOSCLEROSIS Keith Ball, M.D., M.R.C.P. 126

CORTISONE IN OPHTHALMOLOGYA. J. B. Goldsmith, F.R.C.S. and H. E. Hobbs, F.R.C.S. 130

THE CORNEAL GRAFT B. W. Rycroft, O.B.E., M.D., D.O.M.S., F.R.C.S.(Eng.) 135

BOOKS RECEIVED 140BOOK REVIEWS 141

POSTGRADUATE NEWS 143

All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproducedin any form without permission in writing from the publishers.

EDITORPror. C. G. Rob, M.C., M.CHIR., F.R.C.S.

ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARDJ. W. D. Bull, M.D., F.R.C.P. L. P. Le Ouesne, F.R.C.S.Sol. M. Cohen, F.R.C.S. Andrew Monro, M.D., F.R.C.S.Colin Edwards, M.B., M.R.C.P. K. I. Nissen, F.R.C.S.F. Dudley Hart, M.D., F.R.C.P. G. S. W. Organe, M.D., F.F.A.John Howkins, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G. R. S. Bruce Pearson, D.M., F.R.C.P.Maurice Davidson, D.M., F.R.C.P. W. Somerville,,M.D., M.R.C.P.

Editorial Representative for Australia: Clive Fitts, M.D.(Melb.), F.R.C.P.(London), F.R.A.C.P.Editorial Representative for Ceylon: M. M. A. Cader, M.S.(Lond.)

Editorial Representative for South Africa: Arthur J. Helfet, M.D., F.R.C.S.PUBLISHERS

The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 6o Portland Place, London, W.-

140

(ck !2eceivelThe Editorial Board acknowledge with thanks receipt of the followingvolumes. A selection from these will be made for review.

'The Brompton I4ospital.' By Maurice Davidson,M.A., D.M., F.R.C.P., and F. G. Rouvray, O.B.E.Pp. ix + 152, illustrated. London: Lloyd-DukeLtd. 1954. 21s.'Coronary Heart Disease in Young Adults. A

Multidisciplinary Study.' By Menard M. Gertler,M.D., and Paul D. White, M.D. Pp. xviii + 2i8,illustrated. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. 1954.40s.

'Sexual Disorders in the Male.' By KennethWalker, F.R.C.S., and E. B. Strauss, M.A., D.M.,F.R.C.P. 4th Edition. Pp. xiii + 26o, with eightillustrations. London: Cassell & Co. Ltd. 1954.I8s. 6d.'Brain Mechanisms and Consciousness.' A

symposium organized by the Council for Inter-national Organizations of Medical Sciences. Pp.xv + 556, illustrated. Oxford: Blackwell ScientificPublications. 1954. 42s.

' Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Tubercu-losis.' Pp. 60, with six illustrations. London:N.A.P.T. I954. 5s.

' The Cerebrospinal Fluid.' By S. Lups, M.D.,and A. M. F. H. Haan, M.D. Pp. xv + 350, with93 illustrations. London: Elsevier Publishing Co.Ltd. 1954. 52s. 6d.

'Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. Volumes Iand II.' Edited by the late Sir Leonard Parsons,P.R.S., and Seymour Barling, C.M.G., M.S.,M.Ch., F.R.C.S. Pp. xliii and xvii + 2,075,illustrated. London: Geoffrey Cumberlege. I954.I68s.

'Clinical Endocrinology for Practitioners andStudents.' By Laurence Martin, M.D., F.R.C.P.,and Martin Hynes, M.D., M.R.C.P. 2nd Edition.Pp. ix. + 253, with 39 illustrations. London:J. & A. tChurchill Ltd, I954. 20s.'A Synopsis of Medicine.' By Sir Henry Tidy,

K.B.E., M.A., M.D., B.Ch., F.R.C.P. IothEdition. Pp. xix + I,253. Bristol: John Wright &Sons Ltd. I954. 35S.

' Medicine in its Human Setting.' By A. E.Clark-Kennedy, M.D., F.R.C.P. Pp. 276, illustrated.London: Faber & Faber Ltd. 1954. I3s. 6d.

' Physiotherapy in Some Surgical Conditions.'By Joan E. Cash, B.A., M.C.S.P. Pp. 350, with 24illustrations. London: Faber & Faber Ltd. 1955.218.'Handbook of Medical Treatment.' Edited by

Milton J. Chattan, A.B., M.D., Sheldon Margen,M.A., M.D., and Henry D. Brainerd, A.B., M.D.

4th Edition. Pp. vi + 569, illustrated. Los Altos:Lange Medical Publications, I954. $3

'Practical Obstetric Problems.' By Ian Donald,M.B.E., M.D., B.S., B.A., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,M.R.C.O.G. Pp. xii + 578, illustrated. London:Lloyd-Duke Ltd., I955. 45s.'The Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen in

Rhyme.' By Zeta. 3rd Edition. Pp. viii + 96,with 30 illustrations by Peter Collingwood. London:H. K. Lewis & Co. Ltd. 1955. 7s. 6d.

' Diseases of the Nervous System.' By F. M. R.Walshe, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. 8th Edition. Pp.xvi + 357, with 58 illustrations. Edinburgh:E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. 1955. 24s.

'Multiple Sclerosis.' By Douglas McAlpine,M.D., F.R.C.P., Nigel D. Compston, M.A., M.D.,M.R.C.P., and Charles E. Lumsden, M.D. Pp.viii + 304, illustrated. Edinburgh: E. & S.Livingstone Ltd. 1955. 35s.

' Diagnostic Laboratory Haematology.' ByGeorge E. Cartwright, M.D. Pp. vii + 104,illustrated. London: Grune & Stratton Inc.I954. $3-'Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases.' Edited

by W. S. C. Copeman, O.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P.2nd Edition. Pp. viii + 754, with 464 illustrations,I in colour. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd.

I955. 52s. 6d.'Peripheral Nerve Injuries. M.R.C. Special

Report Series No. 282.' Edited by H. J. Seddon.Pp. xvi + 451, with 276 illustrations. London:H.M.S.O. 1954. 55s.'Modem Trends in Ophthalmology.' Edited by

Arnold Sorsby. Third series. Pp. xiv + 346, withII illustrations. London: Butterworth & Co.Ltd. 1955. 65s.

' Amphetamine in Clinical Medicine. Action andUses.' By W. R. Brett, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,F.R.S.I., Leonard H. Howells, B.Sc., M.D.,F.R.C.P., and A. D. Macdonald, M.A., M.D.,M.Sc. Pp. 78. Edinburgh: E. & S. LivingstoneLtd. I955. 7s. 6d.'M.R.C. Memorandum. No. 30: The Use of

Trilene by Midwives.' By the Committee onAnalgesia in Midwifery. Pp. vi + 34. London:H.M.S.O. 1954. 2S.'Review of Medical Microbiology.' By Ernest

Jawetz, Ph.D., M.D., Joseph L. Melnick, Ph.D.,and Edward A. Adelberg, Ph.D., Pp. 360.Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications. 1954.$4.50.

143

POSTGRADUATE NEWSMarch x955

The information contained in this section is published by courtesy of theorganizations concerned and no responsibility for any changes of detailor omissons can be accepted by the publishers. In all cases, applicationsfor enrolment or further information should be made direct to thesponsors of the course.

FELLOWSHIP OF POSTGRADUATEMEDICINESurgery (Revision F.R.C.S.). March 7 to April I.Monday, Thursday and Friday mornings. RoyalMarsden Hospital. Limited. Fee I15 i5s. od. (Noentries accepted until syllabus is published andcirculated.)Orthopaedic (F.R.C.S.) Week-ends. March 26-27,April 2-3 and I6-I7. Saturdays and Sundays. RowleyBristow Orthopaedic Hospital, Pyrford. Limited. Fee

ot.o Ios. od. (No entries accepted until syllabus ispublished and circulated.)Rheumatic Diseases Week-end. March Ix and 2o.All day Saturday and Sunday. Rheumatic Unit, St.Stephen's Hospital. Fee £3 3s. od.Surgery (F.R.C.S.). Wednesdays, March 30 to April2o at 5.o p.m. Whittington Hospital (St. Mary'sWing); Limited. Fee £4 4s. od. (No entries ac-cepted until syllabus is published and circulated.)General Medicine (M.R.C.P.) Evening. March 21to 25. Connaught Hospital, Walthamstow. 7 to9 p.m. Limited. Fee £3 I3s. 6d. (No entriesaccepted until syllabus is published and circulated.)General Surgery (F.R.C.S.) Evening. April i8 to 22.Connaught Hospital, Walthamstow. 7 to 9 p.m.Limited. Fee £3 I3s. 6d. (No entries accepted untilsyllabus is published and circulated.)Please note that instruction arranged by the Fellowshipof Postgraduate Medicine is open only to members (annualsubscription, from month ofjoining, Ios. 6d.). In the caseof 'limited' courses no entries are accepted in advanceof the detailed syllabuses being published and circulated;postgraduates (whether members or not) are not automatic-ally included in the mailing lists, but must notify theFellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 60 Portland Place,London, W.I, if they wish to be sent syllabuses as pub-lished, and must specify the subjects in which they areinterested. Information regarding courses can be obtainedfrom the office daily between io a.m. and 5 p.m. (Saturdays,w1 a.m. to 12 noon). Telephone: Langham 4266.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OFENGLANDThe following lectures will be delivered at the College.Admission free.Otolaryngology LecturesMarch3 5.30 p.m. Mr. A. J. Gardham. The evolution of

major surgery in the mouth and pharynx from thetime of Trotter to the present day.

31 5.30p.m. Prof. Lambert Rogers, V.R.D. Vasculardiseases in relation to otolaryngology.

Hunterian LecturesMarch10 5.0 p.m. Prof. Gilbert Causey. The place of the

vascular supply in fatigue and regeneration ofperipheral nerve.

25 5.0 p.m. Prof. Robert Bradlaw, C.B.E. De cuteoris.

Urology LectureMarchii 5.0. p.m. Mr. D. S. Poole Wilson. The treat-

ment of tumours of the bladder.Joseph Clover LectureMarch23 5.0 p.m. Dr. W. W. Mushin. Measurement in

anaesthesia.Erasmus Wilson Demonstration.March30 3.45 p.m. Dr. 57. Stretton Young. Degeneration

in tumour pathology.Surgery Course of Lectures and Clinical Con-ferences. A course will be held from March 28 toApril i9. Students will be able to attend not less thanten clinical conferences and approximately ten studentswill attend each session. Applications cannot beaccepted for the clinical part of the course only, and thenumber of students accepted for the combined coursewill be limited. Fee 1I5 I5s. od. Lectures only£io Ios. od.Applications for further information should be made toMr. W. F. Davis, Deputy Secretary, Royal College ofSurgeons, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.2.

SOCIETY OF APOTHECARIES OF LONDONDiploma in Industrial Health (D.I.H.). Theexaminations are held in July and December each year.Diploma ofMastery of Midwifery (M.M.S.A.). Theexaminations are held in May and November each year.For further information applications should be addressedto the Registrar, Society of Apothecaries, Black FriarsLane, London, E.C.4.

144 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL March 1955

DENTAL BOARD OF THE UNITEDKINGDOMThe Dental Postgraduate Bureau has issued threebooklets, as follows:'Facilities for Dental Postgraduate Study in the UnitedKingdom and Ireland,' containing a list of schools andinstitutions at which postgraduate courses are held orwhich provide facilities for individual students, and analphabetical list of subjects showing where instructionin each can be obtained: 'Scholarships and Student-ships for Advanced Studies and Research in Dentistry,'including many open to British subjects tenable abroad;'Higher Dental Qualifications,' setting out in generalterms the conditions to be satisfied by candidates.Copies of these booklets, particulars of films of interest todentists, and further information can be obtained onapplication to the Director, Dental Postgraduate Bureau,44 Hallam Street, London, W.I.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDONPhysiology. Two lectures on ' The functional organi-zation of spinal interneurones ' by Dr. C. R. Skoglund(Stockholm), will be given at University College,(Physiology Theatre), Gower Street, London, W.C.I,at 5.30 p.m., on March 9 and Ix. Admission free,without ticket.Pharmacy. Two lectures on 'Curare-alkaloids' byDr. P. Karrer, (University of Zurich), will be given atthe Senate House, London, W.C.I, at 5.30 p.m., onMarch io and ix. Admission free, without ticket.Pathology. A lecture on 'The response of organs inculture to environmental influences ' by Dr. Honor Fell(Cambridge), will be given at University CollegeHospital Medical School, University Street, London,W.C.I, at 5.0 p.m., on March 17. Admission free,without ticket.

BRITISH POSTGRADUATE MEDICALFEDERATION (University of London)The Federation provides:(i) Training for prospective specialists, supplementing

the work of the undergraduate medical schools.(2) Advanced revision for practising specialists.(3) Instruction for medical practitioners who, though

not specialists, desire more detailed knowledge ofany branch of medicine.

(4) Instruction for general practitioners.Comprising the Federation at present are the Post-graduate Medical School of London, Institute ofPsychiatry, Institute of Laryngology and Otology,Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Child Health,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Instituteof Neurology, Institute of Orthopaedics, Instituteof Dental Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research,Institute of Cardiology; associated institutes are theInstitute of Diseases of the Chest, Institute of Derma-tology, Institute of Urology, and Institute of BasicMedical Sciences.Courses for general practitioners will be held as follows:Resettlement after IllnessMarch 7 to I . Roffey Park Institute, Horsham(residential).GeneralMay 2 to 7. Woolwich Group..May i6 to 2I. St. Stephen's Hospital, S.W.Io.

Applications for places on the above courses should bemade to the Secretary, British Postgraduate MedicalFederation, and should state if the application is or is notmade under the scheme for N.H.S. practitioners.Extended and Week-end CoursesGeneralMarch 4 to May 20 (i Friday afternoons). St. HelierHospital, Carshalton.March io to May 19 (Ix Thursday afternoons). St.Olave's Hospital, Rotherhithe.April 13 to June 22 (II Wednesday afternoons). QueenMary's Hospital for the East End, E.I5.April 14 to June 23 (i i Thursday afternoons). HackneyHospital, E.9.April 14 to June 23 (i Thursday afternoons). LewishamHospital, S.E.I3.April 14 to June 23 (Ix Thursday afternoons). WestHill Hospital, Dartford.April i6 to May 21 (6 Saturday afternoons). Luton andDunstable Hospital.April I8 to May 12 (6 afternoons). King GeorgeHospital, Ilford.April 20 to June 8 (8 Wednesday afternoons). KingstonHospital.PaediatricsApril 2 and 3 (Week-end). University College HospitalApplications for places on the above courses should be madeto the hospital concerned.All the courses are available to N.H.S. practitioners,for whom fees and allowances (travelling expenses,locum fees, etc.) are provided for courses equivalent to22 half-day sessions in an academic year, subject tocertain conditions. Other practitioners may attend onpayment of a fee of Io guineas for two weeks, 5 guineasfor one week or extended course of i sessions, xiguineas for a weekend course.Applications for further informntion should be made tothe Secretary, British Postgraduate Medical Federation,2 Gordon Square, London, W.C.I.

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL SCHOOL OFLONDON (Hammersmith Hospital)The Postgraduate Medical School of London hasUniversity Departments in Medicine, Surgery andPathology. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynae-cology, together with Queen Charlotte's and the ChelseaHospitals, now forms the Institute of Obstetrics andGynaecology. The teaching in the clinical departments,which is of an advanced nature and based on ward work,is continuous and is supplemented by lectures duringthree ten-week sessions starting in January, April andOctober. Suitable students are encouraged to under-take research work. A course for the University Diplomain Clinical Pathology, lasting one year, is available for alimited number of selected students. This commences inOctober. In anaesthetics, short practical courses lastinga fortnight, and longer periods of training for six months,are provided. The Department of Radiology of theHospital provides courses for the Diplomas in MedicalRadiology of the University and Conjoint Board. Thefees vary from £3 for one week to £75 for a year.A symposium on the Modern Aspects of Liver andBiliary disease will be held from March 28 to April i.It will be designed for consultants wishing to studyrecent advances in the diagnosis and management ofliver and biliary disease, and will be limited to amaximum of 40. Registration fee, £3 3s. od., to coverincidental and social expenses.

March 1955 Postgraduate News 145

For further information application should be made tothe Dean, Postgraduate Medical School of London,Ducane Road, London, W.12.

INSTITUTE OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES(Royal College of Surgeons of England)The Institute co-operates with other specialist Institutesof the Federation in providing facilities for practicalwork and instruction in the basic medical sciences.Twice a year, beginning in February and September,there is a full demonstration and lecture course which isfull-time and extends over a period of three months.Applications for this course are strictly limited, andthe next course will begin on September 9, 1955. Inaddition, there are two revision courses a year of lec-tures only, which take place at the same time as theother course. Applications' for this course can beaccepted up to a week before the course begins. Fees:demonstrations and lectures, £63; lectures only,,36 I5s. od. A two-months' course for Primary F.D.S.candidates is also held twice,a year in January andJune. The course is full-time and the fee £3I IOS. od.For further information please apply to the Secretary.Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Royal College ofSurgeons of England, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH (RoyalCancer Hospital.)Postgraduate lectures and courses of instruction are heldin biophysics for students studying for the M.Sc.degree in Biophysics, and for students studying for aDiploma in Medical Radiotherapy.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of CancerResearch, Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, LondonS.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY(National Heart Hospital)Full time courses of instruction lasting three months areavailable. Fee £26 5s. od.A limited number can be accepted part-time, whichincludes out-patient sessions and lectures.Special short courses lasting two weeks are given inFebruary, June and November. Fee Iz2 I2S. od.Further details and applications for admission to thesecourses, should be made to the Dean, Institute of Cardi-ology, 35 Wimpole Street, London, W.I.

INSTITUTE OF DISEASES OF THE CHEST(Brompton Hospital and the London ChestHospital)The Institute of Diseases of the Chest (Medical Schoolof the Hospitals for Diseases of the Chest) is situated inthe grounds of the Brompton Hospital, S.W.3.MedicalInstruction in diseases of the chest including tuberculosisis conducted during three terms of ten weeks each year.It consists of clinical work in wards and out-patientdepartments, lectures and demonstrations. A whole-time programme is arranged for not more than I2graduates each term, preferably those specializing indiseases of the chest. The lectures and demonstrationsare so arranged that the subject of chest disease iscovered during the two terms beginning in October andJanuary. The lectures during the summer term arearranged as a general revision course. A larger numberof graduates can be accepted for part-time study, if

vacancies are available it may be possible to acceptgraduates for shorter periods of part-time study.SurgicalA whole-time course in chest surgery is conductedduring the terms beginning in October and January. Itincludes attendances at out-patient clinics, operatingsessions, ward clinics, case demonstrations and lectures,and is held partly at the Brompton Hospital and partlyat the London Chest Hospital.Fees for whole-time course (Medical or Surgical) are2zo for one term and £35 for two terms, and for part-

time courses £14 for one term or £6 for one month.RadiologyPart-time instruction in radiology of the chest for traineeradiologists only is given each term. Fee £1o Ios. od.for one term.Clinical demonstrations are given on Fridays at5 p.m. Admission free.Special Lectures, open without fee to medicalpractitioners, will be given on Wednesdays, at 5.0 p.m.,as follows:March i6, Dr. R. W. Riddell. The significance ofbacterial resistance in the treatment of tuberculosis.For further general information application should beaddressed to the Dean, Institute of Diseases of the Chest,Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH(Hospital for Sick Children, Queen ElizabethHospital for Children, Postgraduate MedicalSchool)The Institute of Child Health is associated with TheHospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, thePostgraduate Medical School of London at Hammer-smith Hospital, and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital forChildren. In its programme teaching on every aspectof child health is provided. Visits are arranged to thedepartment for the new-born and premature infant atthe Postgraduate Medical School of London, Hammer-smith Hospital, Maternity and Child Welfare Clinics,Nursery Schools, etc. The Institute provides tuitionthroughout the year in three terms of i2 weeks' durationeach. beginning in January, May and September.Three or four guest lectures are given during thesummer term by visiting paediatricians from abroad.The fees are 20 guineas for one term and 35 guineasfor two terms.Applications should be addressed to the Dean, Instituteof Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, GreatOrmond Street, London, W.C.i.

INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SURGERY(Eastman Dental Hospital)The Institute holds courses in orthodontics (full- andpart-time, up to one year), and in periodontology, con-servative dentistry, prosthetics, minor oral surgery andchildren's dentistry (variable length, full- and part-time). Refresher courses are arranged twice yearly forgeneral practitioners. Courses are also held in conjunc-tion with the Faculty of Dental Surgery of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons and are particularly intended forcandidates preparing for the final examination for theFellowship in Dental Surgery of the College. Thesebegin in May and November (lasting for approximatelyeight months), fee £60, and in May and October thereare revision courses lasting eight weeks, fee £31 los. od.Special arrangements can be made for students requiring

146 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL March I955

courses of study and research experience not fallingwithin the scope of the courses listed above.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ofDental Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, Gray's InnRoad, London, W.C. .

INSTITUTE OF DERMATOLOGY(St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin)Hospital Practice. This includes clinical instructionin the Out-Patient Department daily, in the In-PatientDepartment twice weekly, tutorials in clinical dermat-ology and histopathology, attendance in the Departmentof Pathology and other departments of the hospital.Fees: Two guineas for one week; £25 for one year.Discussion of special cases takes place at Io a.m. onmost Saturdays.Laboratory. The facilities for students include tech-nical work in histology, bacteriology and medicalmycology.Exhibitions. A series of semi-permanent exhibitionswill be available during the winter course. The sixth,from March I to 25, by Dr. H. Haber will be on'-Benign tumours of the skin.'Museum. A collection of moulages is available. Thereis access to a large collection of histopathological sections.Lectures. A winter course, extending over six months,begins in October and a summer course is held in Mayand June. Both these courses consist of lectures at5.30 p.m. on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays.Clinical demonstrations held on Fridays at 5.30 p.m.are designed for those intending to sit for the M.R.C.P.examination.MarchI Dr. C. Hodges. Superficial X-ray therapy.2 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Trichophyton rubrum infection.4 Dr. P. D. Samman. Lichen planus.8 Dr. P. Wade. Radiotherapy of skin cancers,

Part I.9 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Mycotic infections of sub-

cutaneous tissues.Io Dr. P. Wade. Radiotherapy of skin cancers,

Part II.iI Dr. B. Russell. Benign tumours of the skin.S5 Dr. A. D. Porter. Actinic eruptions.i6 Dr. J. 0. Oliver. Allergy and immunity in skin

diseases.I8 Dr. F. R. Bettley. Clinical demonstration.22 Dr. I., Muende. Pigmented tumours.23 Dr. H. Haber. Cellular naevi and melanomas.24 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Epidemiology of fungous

diseases.25 Dr. G. B. Dowling. Clinical demonstration.29 Dr. P. M. F. Bishop. Steroid therapy.30 Dr. R. W. Riddell. Trends in the study of mycotic

diseases.3I Dr. W. R. Bett. Medical writing.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of Der-matology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin,Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF LARYNGOLOGY ANDOTOLOGY(Royal National Throat, Nose and EarHospital)A comprehensive course lasting 32 weeks and designed

to cover the whole field of the speciality is held twice ayear beginning in February and September. This con-sists of lectures, demonstrations and attendance on thepractice of the hospital, with facilities for dissection. Aspecial point is made of the anatomy, physiology andpathology related to the subject. There is also anintensive lecture course of four weeks twice yearly inpreparation for practical clinical training and a week'sintensive course in endoscopy for senior students twiceyearly. Advanced students may obtain additional ex-perience by appointment as Out-patient Assistants. AnAdvanced Revision Class (io weeks) for M.S. andF.R.C.S. students is also given twice yearly. Thecomposite fee, including enrolment as a clinical assistant,attendance on the hospital practice and at one of thecomprehensive courses, but excluding dissection, is£52 los.For further information application should be addressedto the Dean, Institute of Laryngology and Otology, 330Gray's Ins Road, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGY(The National Hospital, Queen Square, andthe Maida Vale Hospital for NervousDiseases)The teaching is mainly by attendance on the hospitalpractice. Some advanced students are appointed asfull-time clinical clerks at the National Hospital, QueenSquare, or to the electro-encephalographic or one of theother special departments, or to the research laboratories.A limited number of part-time clinical clerkships areavailable at the Maida Vale Hospital with opportunityfor examining patients.In addition two full-time courses of ten weeks' durationare given each year, namely in the autumn and springterms. The first portion of the course deals with theanatomy and physiology of the nervous system, neuro-pathology and psychology, and consists mainly oflectures and demonstrations. The second portion dealswith clinical neurology, medical and surgical, neuro-ophthalmology, neuro-otology and radiology, and in-cludes lectures and demonstrations. Special lecturesby neurologists from outside London and from abroadare held throughout the courses. Fees, for the tenweeks' full-time course, 20 guineas; for attendinghospital practice, 15 guineas for three months or 28guineas for six months.Part-time teaching is given in the Out-Patient Depart-ment, at the National Hospital, Queen Square, on fivedays a week throughout the year (public holidaysexcepted) and at Maida Vale Hospital.Courses of clinical demonstrations are given on Wednes-days and Saturdays at the National Hospital, QueenSquare. Advertisements concerning these appear fromtime to time in the medical journals.For further particulars please apply to the Dean, Instituteof Neurology, National Hospital, Queen Square, London,W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF OBSTETRICS ANDGYNAECOLOGY(Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital,Chelsea Hospital for Women, Department ofObstetrics and Gynaecology of PostgraduateMedical School)Graduates must hold a registrable medical qualification.The enrolment fee is C3, and the charge for one termof 13 weeks is £36.

March 1955 Postgraduate News I47

An intensive course suitable for those preparing forhigher examinations will be held in December and June.General practitioners requiring further experience inobstetrics are accepted during the term at Queen Char-lotte's Hospital, to attend the practice of the hospital fortwo weeks, with opportunity to conduct normal deliveriesand to attend combined classes at the other hospitals.Fee £3 os. a week during term. Ministry ofHealth grants are payable to approved general prac-titioners attending for such a period. General prac-titioner refresher courses, lasting one week, are heldtwice a year for which the fee is £5 5s. This courseis recognized by the Ministry of Health, in the case ofapproved practitioners, for the purpose of a grant.Postgraduates may attend the practice of the hospital atthe Hammersmith Hospital during the winter vacation,when a charge of EI a week is made.Hostel accommodation is available at the HammersmithHospital and at Queen Charlotte's Hospital.Applications for further information and for enrolmentforms should be made to the Secretary, Institute of Obstet-rics and Gynaecology, Chelsea Hospital for Women,Dovehouse Street, S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY(Royal London Ophthalmic, Royal West-minster Ophthalmic, Central LondonOphthalmic Hospitals)Courses of lectures and classes beginning March I andOctober I each year to meet the requirements of can-didates entering for the examination for the Diploma inOphthalmology and other ophthalmological examinationswill be given by members ofthe staff of the Hospital andInstitute. Each course is designed to extend over twoterms of approximately I8 weeks each and is normallydivided into two parts.Part I. Anatomy (including embryology and normalhistology), elementary physiology of the eye, optics(elementary and physiological), practical tutorials inrefraction work and clinical subjects.Part II. All clinical branches of the subject, togetherwith bacteriology and pathology. Students can attendthe daily. clinical practicz of the two branches of theMoorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital, andhold the appointments of Junior Clinical Assistants andClinical Assistants concurrently with the above courses.A composition fee of £2z 5s. od. will admit students,once to the lectures and tutorial classes of any one term,with six months' clinical practice in the hospital.Extra Courses. Slit lamp microscopy (fee £5 ss. od.);orthoptic training (one week's intensive course, fee£5 5s. od.); contact lenses (one week's intensive course,fee xIO Ios. od.). Additional courses by arrangement.Hospital Practice only. Fees as follows: one month,£2 2s. od.; three months, £5 5s. od.; six months,xIoIos. od.

Facilities for research.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ojOphthalmology, yudd Street, London, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF ORTHOPAEDICS(Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital)The Institute is concerned with postgraduate educationin orthopaedics and with research. The practice of theHospital (both at the town section in Great PortlandStreet and at the country section at Stanmore) is opento postgraduates, who may join at any time. In additionto hospital. practice, formal courses of various lengths

are held during academic terms. Course on therapeutics(fee), March I to 5. Teaching ward round, at Stanmore,March 12, at io a.m. Senior clinical conference, March23, at 8 p.m.; Prof. 0. Scaglietti. Clinical demonstra-tion, March 26, at io a.m. Course in AdvancedOrthopaedics (fee), March 28 to April i. Seniorclinical conference, April 6, at 8 p.m.; Lt.-Cdr. G. W.Hyatt on 'Tissue homografts.'Facilities for advanced clinical work are available forselected candidates having a suitable scientific orsurgical training.Further particulars may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal National OrthopaedicHospital, 234 Great Portland Street, London, W.I.

INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY (Joint BethlemRoyal Hospital and Maudsley Hospital)The Institute is concerned with postgraduate educationin psychiatry and allied subjects, and with research. Acourse of instruction covering up to three years, andstarting in October yearly, is provided for medicalpractitioners who wish to specialize in psychiatry or toprepare for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine.Clinical instruction, which includes case conferences,seminars, and practical experience in case taking, isgiven at associated hospitals in the mornings, andsystematic lectures and demonstrations are arranged forthe afternoons. Students may also enrol for shorterperiods or for single series of lectures.The subjects covered include anatomy and biochemistryof the nervous system, neurophysiology, pathology ofnervous and mental diseases, psychiatry of children andadults, delinquency, principles of psychotherapy,forensic psychiatry and criminology, psychology, mentaltesting and statistics. There is a special six months'course in child psychiatry; comprising clinical instruc-tion and lectures, which starts on October I. Lectureson subjects of special interest are arranged from time totime. The tuition fee for a full year's course is£53 Ios. od., including enrolment fee. For shorterperiods the fee varies with the type of course chosen.Selected students are eligible for appointments on thestaff of the Joint Hospital.Facilities for research and supervision of study forhigher degrees can be provided in clinical work and inthe biochemical, physiological, neuro-endocrinological,neuropathological and psychological laboratories.A course for Honours Graduates in Psychology is avail-able in clinical psychology for the Academic Post-graduate Diploma in Psychology. In conjunction withthe Institute of Neurology, a course in the techniques ofelectroencephalography is provided for doctors whoexpect to take up electroencephalographic appointmentsin hospitals.Further informatton may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, DenmarkHill, London, S.E.S.

INSTITUTE OF UROLOGY (St. Peter's, St.Paul's and St. Philip's Hospitals)Week-end courses of lectures and demonstrations,beginning on Friday afternoon and ending on Sundayabout tea-time, are given about once a month, asadvertised. Alternately 'Essentials of Urology' and' Advanced Urology.' Fee £5 5s. od. for each course.Lectures for general practitioners on Wednesdays,throughout the winter months, at 4.30 p.m. for 5 p.m.No fee.Occasional clinical evenings by invitation.

148 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL March I955

Guest lectures are given twice a year at the RoyalCollege of Surgeons.The practice of the hospitals, including the use of theInstitute museum, reading room and library, is open tostudents attending the courses.Applications should be addressed to the Secretary, Instituteof Urology, io Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London,W.C.z.

EAST HAM CHEST CLINICOut-patient teaching. Mondays at 2.30 p.m.Apply Senior Registrar, EastHam Chest Clinic, KatherineRoad. Forest Gate, London, E.7.

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE ANDTROPICAL MEDICINE(University of London)Courses of study are arranged for the C.P.H. andD.P.H. (London University); D.T.M. & H. (Eng.);and Academic Diploma in Bacteriology. Short coursesare arranged in the Principles of Medical Statistics andEpidemiology, Statistical Methods and their Applica-tion in Medicine, and Applied Helminthology.For further information and enrolment application shouldbe addressed to the Secretary, London School of Hygieneand Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, Gower Street,London, W.C.i.

NORTH LONDON POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL INSTITUTECourses in advanced medicine, advanced surgery, andobstetrics and gynaecology. Instruction in pathology,anaesthetics and radiodiagnosis. Clinical instruction atBearsted Memorial Hospital, Chase Farm Hospital,North Middlesex Hospital, The Prince of Wales'sGeneral Hospital and St. Ann's General Hospital.For further information apply to the Dean, the Princeof Wales's General Hospital, London, N.15.

PLAISTOW HOSPITAL CHEST UNITIn-patient round every Thursday at 4.30 p.m.Apply Registrar, Plaistow Hospital, Samson Street,Plaistow, London, E.13.

ROYAL LONDON HOMOEOPATHICHOSPITALClinical Tutorials. Practical instruction in theapplication of homoeopathic principles is given by theTutors, Dr. W. L. Templeton and Dr. D. M. Foubister,at their tutorial clinics in the O.P. Department onMonday at 2 p.m. and Thursday at 1.30 p.m. through-out the year. Open to medical practitioners withoutfee.A set course of Instruction in homoeopathy is given atintervals during the year.For further information application should be made tothe Dean of the Education Course, Royal London Homoeo-pathic Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, W.C.I.

ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOLObstetrical and Gynaecological Conferences willbe held in the Wright Fleming Theatre, on Tuesdays at5.o p.m., as follows. Admission free.

MarchI Dr. John Beattie. Abnormalities of bladder

function.8 Dr. James Walker. Postmaturity and foetal

anoxia.

ST. MARYLEBONE HOSPITAL FORPSYCHIATRY AND CHILD GUIDANCELectures and discussions on psychiatry and childguidance, with special emphasis on treatment, will takeplace on Wednesdays at 5.30 p.m., as follows: Ad-mission free.March2 Dr. E. H. Larkin. The selection of patients for

physical treatment (with demonstration oftreatment).

9 Dr. E. A. Bennet, M.C. The selection of patientsfor psychotherapy.

i6 Mr. G. C. Knight. Neurosurgical treatment.23 Dr. J. Loewenstein. New experiences in mechano-

therapy of impotence.30 Dr. J. Flind. Psychosomatic disorders.April6 Dr. F. D. Wride. Psycho-analysis and general

practice.27 Dr. A. McGlashan, M.C. Principles in psycho-

therapy.May4 Dr. Colman Kenton. The management of the

psychiatric emergency.For further information application should be made to theSt. Marylebone Hospital for Psychiatry and ChildGuidance, 48, Cosway Street, Marylebone Road, London,N.W.I.

ST. STEPHEN'S HOSPITAL(Rheumatism Unit)A concentrated weekend course in the rheumatic diseasesis given each year, in March, under the auspices of theFellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.A limited number of postgraduates can attend the out-patient sessions of the unit on Wednesday and Fridaymornings at o1 a.m.Applications for attendance at these sessions should bemade to the Medical Registrar, Rheumatism Unit, St.Stephen's Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W.Io.

EMPIRE RHEUMATISM COUNCILLecture courses in rheumatic diseases are arrangedfor general practitioners and other postgraduatesperiodically.Particulars are obtainable from the General Secretary,Empire Rheumatism Council, Tavistock House (N),Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I.

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTHAND HYGIENEThe Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene con-ducts recognizel courses of instruction (starting annuallyin March and October) for the examinations of theConjoint Board of the Royal College of Physicians ofLondon and the Royal College of Surgeons of Englandfor the Certificate in Public Health. These lead tocourses (beginning in January and August) for theD.P.H. and, similarly (in February and July), for theD.I.H. Students are also prepared for the D.I.H.

March 1955 Postgraduate News 149

examinations of the Society of Apothecaries of London.Any of the courses may be taken whole-time or part-time. They consist of both lectures and visits. Can-didates desiring a course for either the D.P.H., or theD.I.H. of the Conjoint Board, are required by them toproduce evidence of being in possession of a recognizedC.P.H. For the C.P.H., lectures are given by specialistson the various sociological aspects, and in the D.P.H.the practical work is carried out at a county borough.The D.I.H. entails visits to all types of factories and tocoal mines, etc. The next course for the C.P.H. willbegin on March 18, I955.Prospectuses, enrolment forms and full particulars may beobtainedfrom the Secretary, The Royal Institute of PublicHealth and Hygiene, 28 Portland Place, London, W.I.Telephone: Langham 2731-2.

TUBERCULOSIS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTEThree-day Clinical courses will be held as follows:King George V Hospital for Diseases of the Chest,Godalming, May 4, 5 and 6; September 28, 29 and 30.Sully Hospital, Penarth, Glamorgan, March 23, 24and 25; October 19, 20 and 21. Red Cross Sanatoriaof Scotland (Tor-Na-Dee and Glen-O'-Dee,) April27, 28 and 29. Fee per course, excluding ac-commodation, 333s. od.Further information may be obtained from the Secretary,Tuberculosis Educational Institute, Tavistock HouseNorth, Taristock Square, London, W.C.I.

BRISTOLMedical Postgraduate Department of theUniversity of BristolDiploma Courses. These begin in October and areadvertised in the medical press in April. Provided thereare sufficient candidates, instruction is provided in childhealth; radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy (Diplomas ofConjoint Board); Public Health (C.P.H. and D.P.H.,Bristol.Further information, copies of regulations for the BristolDiplomas and application forms for the courses may beobtained from the Director of Medical PostgraduateStudies, The University, Bristol 8.

CAMBRIDGECambridge University Medical SchoolSummary of postgraduate facilities for general prac-titioners from October I, I954, to July 31, I955. AtAddenbrooke's Hospital unless otherwise stated.First week in each month. Monday: Abnormalante-natal clinic, 10.30 a.m. (Miss J. Bottomley);Maternity Hospital. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer,2.30 p.m. (Prof. J. S. Mitchell); Psychiatric cases,2.30 p.m. (Dr. D. Russell Davis). Tuesday: Medicalward round, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); psychiatry,2 p.m. (Dr. R. A. Noble). Wednesday: Dermato-logical Clinic, 1 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. (Dr. C. H. Whittle).Thursday: Medical ward round, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B.Cole), Orthopaedic Outpatients, 2.30 p.m. (Mr, T. J.Fairbank), Cardiac Clinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Friday: Chest diseases, 2 p.m. (Dr. W. Paton Philipand Mr. C. Parishj, The Clinic, Shire Hall; EndrocrineClinic, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. L. C. Martin). Saturday:Medical ward round, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole);Opthalmic cases, 10.30 a.m. (Mr. E. G. Recordon).Second week in each month. Monday: Medicalcases, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. L. C. Martin). Tuesday:Diagnostic radiology, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. Donnelly). Medi-

cal cases, 10.30 a.m. (Mr. L. B. Cole). Wednesday:Dermatological clinic, II a.m. and 2.30 p.m. rDr. C. H.Whittle). Thursday: Plastic surgery clinic, 9.30 a.m.(Mr. L. M. Rouillard); Medical cases, 10.30 a.m.(Dr. L. B. Cole), Cardiac clinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L B.Cole. Friday: Medical cases, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. A. P.Dick); Endocrine clinic, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. L. C. Martin).Saturday: Medical cases, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Third week in each month. Monday: Surgicalcases, 2 p.m. (Mr. B. McN. Truscott). Tuesday:Gynaecological cases, 9.30 a.m. (Mr. O. Lloyd); Medicalcases, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Clinical psychiatry.3 p.m. (Dr. E. Beresford Davies). Wednesday:Urological and general surgical cases, 9.30 a.m. (Mr.J. F. R. Withycombe); Orthopaedic cases, 10.30 a.m.(Mr. R. W. Butler); Dermatological clinic, ii a.m. and2.30 p.m. (Dr. C. H. Whittle); Radiological demonstra-tion, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. F. R. Berridge); Clinico-patho-logical conference, 5 p.m. (Dr. A. M. Barrett); LectureTheatre, Dept. of Pathology. Thursday: E.N.T. cases,10.30 a.m. (Mr. A. S. H. Walford); Medical cases,10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Cardiac clinic, 2.15 p.m.(Dr. L. B. Cole). Friday: Paediatric cases, 2.15 p.m.(Dr. D. M. T. Gairdner); Endocrine clinic, 2.30 p.m.(Dr. L. C. Martin). Saturday: Medical cases, 10.30a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Fourth week in each month. Monday: Generasurgical cases, 9.30 a.m. (Mr. P. H. R. Ghey); Ophthal-mic cases, Io a.m. (Mr. G. F. Wright). Tuesday:Demonstration of cases and methods, 10.30 a.m.(Dr. W. A. Fell), Dept. of Physical Medicine; Medicalcases, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Dermatologicalclinic, 2 p.m. (Dr. A. J. Rook). Wednesday: Dermato-logical clinic, I a.m. and 2.30 p.m. (Dr. C. H. Whittle);E.N.T. cases, 2 p.m. (Mr. K. F. Wilsdon). Thursday:Medical cases, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Cardiacclinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole). Friday: Haema-tological clinic, io a.m. (Staff of Dept. ofMedicine); Endocrine clinic, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Saturday: Medical cases, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. G. Martin).Post-mortem demonstrations daily (except Satur-days) at 12.15 p.m.One-day symposia will be held monthly on Saturdays(except in August and September) from 10.30 a.m. to5 p.m. as follows: x955, March 19, Cardiovasculardiseases; April I6, Tuberculosis and other diseases ofthe chest; May I4, Paediatrics; June 25, Laboratoryaids to diagnosis and treatment; July I6, Gastro-enterology.Further particulars may be obtained on application to theSecretary, Cambridge University Medical School, TennisCourt Road, Cambridge.

CARDIFFThe Welsh National School of MedicineC.P.H. Wales (Certificate in Public Health). Threemonths' full-time course, October to December.D.P.H. Wales (Diploma in Public Health). Twelvemonths part-time course, January to December.T.D.D. Wales (Tuberculous Diseases Diploma).Five to six months' full-time course, January to June.D.M.R.D.Eng. (Diploma in Medical Radio-diagnosis). Eighteen months' full-time course fromOctober.The number of admissions to each of the above courses isstrictly limited and early application should be made tothe Secretary, The Welsh National School of Medicine,34 Newport Road, Cardiff.

ISO POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL March 1955

DUBLINUniversity CollegeThe following courses will be held during the session1954-55:-C.P.H. Course and examination. Michaelmas Term.D.P.H. Course. Hilary and Trinity Terms.

Examinations. Summer Term.D.P.M. Course. Michaelmas, Hilary and Trinity

Terms. Examination, summer term.

Further particulars may be obtained on application to theRegistrar University College, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin.

EDINBURGHEdinburgh Postgraduate Board for MedicineGeneral Surgery. Three months' courses of post-graduate surgery suitable for surgeons requiring arefresher course in the current outlook on generalsurgery or for graduates preparing to specialise insurgery, are arranged to start on March 21 and Septem-ber 26, 1955. The programme has been re-organisedso as to provide co-ordinated clinical and systematicinstruction in general surgery wards and specialisedsurgical units in Edinburgh. Fee C3I Ios. od.Medical Sciences. A three months' course in appliedanatomy, physiology, pathology, bacteriology and bio-chemistry, will begin on June 27, I955. This course issuitable for postgraduates wishing to take the PrimaryFellowship examination as a final preparation in thesesubjects. Considering basic knowledge is highly de-sirable prior to taking this course. Fee 3I lIos. od.A ten weeks' course in the Medical Sciences hasbeen organized by the Royal College of Surgeons ofEdinburgh under the aegis of this Board. This coursewill start on October 24, I955. Fee £26 5s. od.Internal Medicine. Courses lasting I2 weeks, suit-able for graduates wishing a refresher course, or tospecialize in medicine, begin on March 28 and Septem-ber 26, I955. These courses consist of 320 hours' in-struction comprising lectures, clinical demonstrationsand ward visits. Fee £31 os. od.Additional instruction in clinical paediatrics is arrangedin conjunction with the course in medicine, for whichthere is a small fee; the numbers are limited.

Applications for enrolment should be addressed to theDirector of Postgraduate Studies, Surgeons Hall, Edin-burgh 8, supplying particulars of qualifications andpostgraduate experience.

Royal Medical SocietyThe meetings of the Society are held in the Society'sHall on Friday evenings during the Autumn and SpringTerms. Meetings consist of Private Business (at 7 p.m.)and Public Business (at 8 p.m.) in which dissertationsby members or addresses by prominent medical men onsubjects of medical interest are given. Clinical meetingsare held periodically in the Royal Infirmary and filmshows of the latest medical films are given in the Society'sRooms. Prospective members will be welcomed on anyFriday evening in the Society's Hall before publicbusiness.

Applications for further information should be addressedto the Secretary, Royal Medical Society, 7 MelbournePlace, Edinburgh, I.

GLASGOWFaculty of HomoeopathyA three months introductory course of lectures andclinical teaching in homoeotherapeutics for registeredmedical practitioners will be held weekly at 6.0 p.m.in the Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital Dispensary,5 Lynedoch Crescent, Glasgow C.3, beginning March 2.Further instruction for those intending to sit the examina-tion for the Diploma of Membership of the Faculty ofHomoeopathy (M.F.Hom.) is also available.Particulars are obtainable from the Superintendent,Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital, Iooo Great WesternRoad, Glasgow W.2.

IPSWICHDepartment of Child. PsychiatryA refresher course in Child Psychiatry will be held onMarch 28 and 29, and March 31 and April i, consistingof morning and afternoon sessions, of two hours each.There will be case demonstrations, supplemented byrecordings, charts, films, and demonstrations ofpsychometric techniques, play techniques and of theE.E.G. The course is limited, no fee will be charged.Applications for further information and enrolment snouldbe made to the Department of Child Psychiatry, 1, ForeStreet, Ipswich, not later than March 7.

LIVERPOOLUniversity of LiverpoolThe following postgraduate courses of instruction areoffered:-Surgery. A full-time course of one year suitable forcandidates who have already completed the PrimaryExamination of the F.R.C.S., or undertaken post-graduate study in anatomy and physiology. On com-pletion of the course students become eligible to takethe Mastership of Surgery (Ch.M.) of this Universityprovided they are graduates of an approved Universityor otherwise comply with the regulations. The fee forthe course is £60. The course begins in September.Orthopaedic Surgery. A full-time 12-month courseleading by examination to a Mastership in OrthopaedicSurgery (M.Ch.Orth.) open to all medical graduates ofapproved Universities (and to graduates in otherfaculties with qualifications in medicine) who hold anF.R.C.S. of one of the British colleges or its equivalent.The fee for the course is £70. The course normallybegins in January.Radiology. A full-time course of two academicyears leading to a D.M.R. (D. or T.) open to medicalgraduates of approved Universities and to medicallyqualified candidates who hold approved higher medicaldiplomas and a degree in a faculty other than medicine.The course allows a candidate to hold suitable approvedhospital appointments during the second year andcovers the regulations required by the Conjoint Board.The fee for the two-year course is £63. The coursebegins in October. The degree of M.Rad. may, afterreport by the Faculty, be conferred on holders of theD.M.R. (D. or T.) of this University under certainconditions.Public Health. A full-time one-year course leading tothe Diploma in Public Health, open to candidates witha medical qualification from an approved medical schoolor licensing body. This qualification should have beenobtained not less than two years before admission tothe course. The fees amount to £73 I3s. All courses ofinstruction begin in October.

March I955 Postgraduate News 1

Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. A full-time three-month course leading to the Diploma in TropicalMedicine and Hygiene (D.T.M. & H.) open to candi-dates with a medical qualification from an approvedmedical school or licensing body. The course begins inSeptember and January. Fee £53 I s.Anaesthesia. A full-time course of postgraduateinstruction, limited to ten students, begins on October Iand lasts for one year. The course combines instructionin the practical administration of anaesthetics with lec-tures and demonstrations in anatomy, physiology,pathology, physics, pharmacology, medicine and surgery,and anaesthesia. For the purpose of gaining practicalexperience, the students are found suitable appointmentsin recognized General Hospitals within the Liverpoolarea. The fee for the course is ,£60.Psychiatry. A part-time course begins on Januaiy iand lasts for two years. It is divided into two partscorresponding to the two parts of the Diploma in Psy-chological Medicine awarded by the Examining Boardin England (R.C.P. Lond. and R.C.S. Eng.). Part Iprovides instruction in (a) anatomy (macroscopic andmicroscopic) and physiology of the nervous system, and(b) psychology. Part II deals with (a) clinical neurologyand neuropathology and (b) psychological medicine,including psychoneuroses, mental deficiency, childpsychiatry, forensic psychiatry and social psychiatry.Parts I and II will be held simultaneously. Studentsmay enrol for either part separately but, except inexceptional circumstances, will not be permitted totake both parts concurrently. Applications to attend inrespect of a special subject in Part II (e.g. mentaldeficiency) will be considered individually. Fees£12 I2S. od. per term or £70 for the whole course.

Applications for further information' should be addressedto the appropriate department of the University, Liver-pool, 3.

NEWCASTLEThe Medical School, King's College(University of Durham)Public Health. Part-time courses are held for theC.P.H. and D.P.H. The course for the C.P.H. oc-cupies two terms, and three terms for the D.P.H.Two-and-a-half days each week are spent in whole-time study, leaving the remainder of the time free forremunerated employment. The courses are heldbiennially and the next complete course will begin inOctober, I956.Psychological Medicine. Courses for the D.P.M.(Dunelm) are held as follows: Part I, part-time courseextending over three terms and beginning October.Part II, full-time course extending over two terms alsobeginning in October. Part I and Part II may be takentogether.For further information application should be made to theAssistant Registrar, Medical School, King's College,Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

OXFORDPostgraduate Medical Education, UnitedOxford HospitalsSummary of ward rounds, clinics, demonstrations, etc.open to general practitioners from September 1954 toJuly 1955.

Medicine, ward rounds, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednes-days, Thursdays and Fridays, o0.15 a.m., Radcliffe In-firmary. Medical Concilia, Wednesdays, 5 p.m.(alterate weeks), Radcliffe Infirmary. Clinical demon-strations, Thursdays, 2.15 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary.Clinico-pathology, conferences, Wednesdays, 5 p.m.,Maternity Lecture Theatre, Radcliffe Infirmary (alternateweeks in full term). Chest Diseases, clinical demon-strations, Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, 2 and 3p.m., Osler Pavilion. Tuberculosis, ward rounds,Fridays, 2 p.m., Osler Pavilion. Paediatrics, clinicaldemonstrations, Saturdays, 10.30 a.m., Radcliffe In-firmary; out-patients, Thursdays, 2 p.m., RadcliffeInfirmary. Child Welfare, clinics (City) day and timeby arrangement with Dr. Mary Fisher. InfectiousDiseases, clinical demonstrations, day and time byarrangement with Dr. Warin, Slade Isolation Hospital.Psychiatry, clinical demonstrations, Fridays, 4 p.m.,Park Hospital. Geriatrics, clinical demonstrations,Monday, 2.15 p.m., Cowley Road Hospital. Neurology(medical and surgery) out-patients, Tuesdays andWednesdays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. Clinicaldemonstrations, Thursdays, 5 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary.Venereal Diseases, out-patients, Mondays, 6 p.m.,and Wednesdays, 2.30 and 5.30 p.m., and Saturdays,2.I5 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. Skin Diseases, out-patients, Mondays and Fridays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe In-firmary. Surgery, accident service, daily, 10.30 a.m.,Radcliffe Infirmary. Ward rounds, Mondays andFridays, 9.30 a.m., Radcliffe Infirmary, Tuesdays, 9.30a.m., Churchill Hospital. Clinical demonstrations,Tuesdays, 4.30 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. PlasticSurgery, out-patients and clinical demonstrations,Fridays, 2 p.m., Churchill Hospital. OrthopaedicSurgery, clinical demonstrations, Thursdays andSaturdays, 9 a.m., Wingfield-Morris Hospital. Ob-stetrics, lecture demonstrations, Mondays, Tuesdaysand Fridays, 9.15 a.m., Maternity Lecture Theatre,Radcliffe Infirmary. Gynaecology, ward rounds,Wednesdays, 10.30 a.m. and 5 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary.Obstetrics and Gynaecology, concilia, monthly,alternate Thursdays and Fridays, 3 p.m., MaternityLecture Theatre, Radcliffe Infirmary. Ante-natalclinics, out-patients, Mondays, 2 p.m., MaternityHome Radcliffe Infirmary and Churchill Hospital,Thursdays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary MaternityHome, Fridays, 9.15 a.m., Maternity Lecture Theatre.Post-natal clinics, out-patients, Tuesdays, Io a.m.,Wednesdays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary MaternityLecture Theatre.General practitioners wishing to avail themselves of thefacilities set out in this schedule should apply to theSecretary, Postgraduate Medical Committee, I KebleRoad, Oxford.

CONFERENCES, PRIZES, Etc.Association of Surgeons of Great Britain andIreland. The Annual Meeting will be held in Glasgowon April 14, 15 and I6, 1955.For further information applications should be addressedto the Honorary Secretary, Association of Surgeons ofGreat Britain and Ireland, 45 Lincolns Inn Fields,London, W.C.2.Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom.The Annual Congress will be held at the Royal Societyof Medicine, i Wimpole Street, London, WV.I, onApril 28, 29, and 30, I955.For further information applications should be addressedto the Honorary Secretaries, The Ophthalmological

152 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL March 1955

Society of the United Kingdom, 45 Lincolns Inn Fields,London, W.C.2.British Association of Urological Surgeons, Homeand Overseas. The Annual Meeting will be held inLondon on June 30, July x and 2, 1955.For further information applications should be addressedto the Honorary Secretary, British Association of Uro-logical Surgeons, 45 Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.z.Health Congress. The Royal Sanitary InstituteAnnual Health Congress will be held at Bournemouthfrom April 26 to 29, 1955.For further information applications should be addressed to

the Secretary, Royal Sanitary Institute, 90 BuckinghamPalace Road, London, S.W.x.

Queen Square Prize in Neurology. A prize of i£oowill be awarded annually to the postgraduate student,or ex-student, of the Institute of Neurology whopresents the best written paper describing clinical workcarried out or initiated at the National Hospitals forNervous Diseases. Entries must be submitted not laterthan September 30 each year.Full particulars from the Dean, Institute of Neurology,(Queen Square), The National Hospital, Queen Square,London, W.C.I .

The second of the outstanding Penldural Series

Penidural L-A Injection(Benzathine Penicillin -the new salt withunique properties as a repository penicillin)

PROV IDES EFFECTIVE SERUM

PENICILLIN LEVELS FOR 7 DAYS

FOLLOWING ONE INJECTION OF .

600,000 UNITS (2 c.c.) (See Graph) '

PENIDURAL L- A (Benzathine Penicillin in aqueous suspen-sion) is available in 4 c.c. and 10 c.c. multiple-dose, rubber-capped vials, each c.c. containing 300,000 units of penicillin. 003

To be administered by deep intramuscular injection in theupper outer quadrant of the buttock.

Literature gladly sent on request. 3 . 24 4* 726 * s * 7- TIME AFTER INJECTION

Compiled from "N,NI-Dibenzylethylenediamine Penicillin-1 fe7 |a new repository form of Penicillin."'Penidural', is a registered trade mark. British Medical Journal, 1953, 1, 186.

John Wyeth & Brother Limited, Clifton House, Euston Road, London, N.W.I.