tycho brahe

Tycho Tycho BraheBrahe

Created precise Created precise measures of the measures of the

Solar SystemSolar System

Background infoBackground info Born December 14Born December 14thth, 1546, 1546

- Skane, Denmark - Skane, Denmark Went to the universities of Copenhagen, Leipzig, Went to the universities of Copenhagen, Leipzig,

Wittenberg, Rostock, and BaselWittenberg, Rostock, and Basel- interest in alchemy and astronomy - interest in alchemy and astronomy - bought several astronomical instruments - bought several astronomical instruments

Lost part of his nose in a duel with another Lost part of his nose in a duel with another student in 1566student in 1566

- wore a metal insert over the missing part - wore a metal insert over the missing part Returned to Denmark in 1570Returned to Denmark in 1570

Background info cont.Background info cont. Tycho accepted an offer from King Frederick Tycho accepted an offer from King Frederick

to fund an observatory, Uraniburg, which to fund an observatory, Uraniburg, which became the finest in Europebecame the finest in Europe

- designed and built new instruments- designed and built new instruments- trained a generation of young - trained a generation of young

astronomersastronomers- left in 1597 and went to Prague- left in 1597 and went to Prague

In Prague he became the Imperial In Prague he became the Imperial Mathematician at the court of Emperor Mathematician at the court of Emperor Rudolph II Rudolph II

- died there were his instruments - died there were his instruments were stored and eventually lostwere stored and eventually lost

Important accomplishmentsImportant accomplishments

Major works include:Major works include:-On the New and Never Previously -On the New and Never Previously

seen Star seen Star -Concerning the New Phenomena in the -Concerning the New Phenomena in the Ethereal WorldEthereal World-Instruments for the Restored -Instruments for the Restored

AstronomyAstronomy-Introductory Exercises Toward a -Introductory Exercises Toward a

Restored astronomyRestored astronomy

Contributions to astronomyContributions to astronomy Designed and built Designed and built

instrumentsinstruments Observed the positions of Observed the positions of

the planets and the moonthe planets and the moon- observed these - observed these

bodies throughout their bodies throughout their orbits orbits

- the first - the first astronomer to make astronomer to make corrections for change in corrections for change in direction of a ray of light direction of a ray of light as it passes from space as it passes from space into the atmosphereinto the atmosphere

Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking

By: Alec Hardesty, Felipe Hernandez, By: Alec Hardesty, Felipe Hernandez, Kathleen Tejada, Chanel HendricksonKathleen Tejada, Chanel Hendrickson


Born on January 8,1942 in Oxford, Born on January 8,1942 in Oxford, England.England.

Physics was not his primary choices in Physics was not his primary choices in college.college.

Has ALS- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Has ALS- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or commonly known as Lou Gehrig's commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.disease.


Went to Cambridge and got Ph.D in Went to Cambridge and got Ph.D in cosmologycosmology

Cosmology-the study of the universe as a Cosmology-the study of the universe as a whole whole

Has 12 honoraryHas 12 honorary

degreesdegrees


Developed theories for black holes saying Developed theories for black holes saying that they emit radiation which can be that they emit radiation which can be detected by special instrumentation.detected by special instrumentation.

First theorized that black holes can never First theorized that black holes can never decrease in size nor can they split in two decrease in size nor can they split in two to create two black holes.to create two black holes.

Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking He realized that particles, in fact, do leak from black He realized that particles, in fact, do leak from black

holes.holes. As matter compresses, it emits radiation into a As matter compresses, it emits radiation into a

surrounding curved sphere of space called an “event surrounding curved sphere of space called an “event horizon”. horizon”.

As the black hole shrinks into its own gravitational pull, As the black hole shrinks into its own gravitational pull, the temperature rises and so does the rate at which the temperature rises and so does the rate at which particles are emitted into the event horizon. This process particles are emitted into the event horizon. This process is now called Hawking’s Radiation.is now called Hawking’s Radiation.

Hawking’s Radiation is the process through which a Hawking’s Radiation is the process through which a black hole turns in on itself, essentially turning itself black hole turns in on itself, essentially turning itself inside out, and disintegrating. inside out, and disintegrating.

BibliographyBibliography

http://http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qidanswers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091117141013AAYhDtF=20091117141013AAYhDtF

http://www.hawking.org.uk/http://www.hawking.org.uk/http://www.alsa.org/about-als/what-is-http://www.alsa.org/about-als/what-is-

als.htmlals.htmlbibliotecapleyades.netbibliotecapleyades.net

Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus Copernicus

By: Younes ElmaataouiBy: Younes Elmaataoui

Eddie ChunEddie Chun

Kiana McclainKiana Mcclain

BiographyBiography Nicolaus Copernicus was born on the 19Nicolaus Copernicus was born on the 19thth of February 1473. He passed of February 1473. He passed

away at the age of 70 on the 24away at the age of 70 on the 24thth of May 1543. of May 1543. Nicolaus was born in the city of Thorn in Royal Prussia, part of the Kingdom Nicolaus was born in the city of Thorn in Royal Prussia, part of the Kingdom

of Poland.of Poland. His field of expertise was in mathematics, astronomy, canon laws, His field of expertise was in mathematics, astronomy, canon laws,

medicine, and economics.medicine, and economics. He studied at the University of Cracow from 1491 to 1494.He studied at the University of Cracow from 1491 to 1494. He spoke 5 different languages which include: Latin, German, Polish, He spoke 5 different languages which include: Latin, German, Polish,

Greek, and Italian.Greek, and Italian.

Biography Continued…Biography Continued… Nicolaus came up with a theory that the Earth isn’t the center of the Nicolaus came up with a theory that the Earth isn’t the center of the

universe. He believed that the center of the Earth is the sun. The universe. He believed that the center of the Earth is the sun. The planets go around the sun, instead of the universe circling the earth.planets go around the sun, instead of the universe circling the earth.

He proposed a heliocentric and suggested that Earth was a planet, that it He proposed a heliocentric and suggested that Earth was a planet, that it rotated, and that Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun.rotated, and that Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun.

His real name was Nikals Kopenik and it was Latinized to Nicolaus His real name was Nikals Kopenik and it was Latinized to Nicolaus Copernicus. He came from a middle class background. Copernicus. He came from a middle class background. When Nicolaus Copernicus was 10 his father died When Nicolaus Copernicus was 10 his father died and he was raised by his uncle. His uncle gave and he was raised by his uncle. His uncle gave him a good education. him a good education.

BiographyBiography Continued…Continued…•Nicolaus Copernicus was a true Renaissance man. He Nicolaus Copernicus was a true Renaissance man. He

also was a lawyer, tax collector, a doctor, military also was a lawyer, tax collector, a doctor, military governor, judge, vicar-general of canon law and a Polish governor, judge, vicar-general of canon law and a Polish

astronomer.astronomer.•His bookHis book De Revolutions “ De Revolutions “On the Revolutions of the On the Revolutions of the

Heavenly Spheres”Heavenly Spheres” was his most famous piece of work. was his most famous piece of work.•Copernicus book was published in Copernicus book was published in March 1543 at March 1543 at

NurembergNuremberg

Biography Continued…Biography Continued… Nicolaus Copernicus's knowledge was spread to others and he Nicolaus Copernicus's knowledge was spread to others and he

also set the scene for major advances in science. Copernicus also set the scene for major advances in science. Copernicus also marked the beginning of a scientific revolution and also marked the beginning of a scientific revolution and astronomy.astronomy.

Copernicus first studied astronomy and astrology at the University of Copernicus first studied astronomy and astrology at the University of Cracow (1491-94). Cracow (1491-94).

Copernicus studied medicine at the University of Padua (1501-3) Copernicus studied medicine at the University of Padua (1501-3) And then moved on to the University of Ferrara where he obtained And then moved on to the University of Ferrara where he obtained

a doctorate in Canon Law (1503). a doctorate in Canon Law (1503). After he published his book two months later, Nicolaus Copernicus After he published his book two months later, Nicolaus Copernicus

died from a stroke induced coma in 1543.died from a stroke induced coma in 1543.

Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton

By:By:Sam LoomanSam Looman

Brittany BoyceBrittany BoyceAleena AhmedAleena Ahmed

Background InfoBackground Info

Newton was born in Woolsthrope, England Newton was born in Woolsthrope, England 1642.1642.

He attended Cambridge University.He attended Cambridge University. He was born prematurely on Christmas He was born prematurely on Christmas

Day.Day. Newton had a hard childhood.Newton had a hard childhood. His mom died in 1678, he went through His mom died in 1678, he went through

emotional breakdown.emotional breakdown.

Important Accomplishments/ Important Accomplishments/ DiscoveriesDiscoveries

Newton invented Newton’s Laws of Motion:Newton invented Newton’s Laws of Motion:

1.1. Every object remains in rest unless acted upon by Every object remains in rest unless acted upon by an external, unbalanced forcean external, unbalanced force

2.2. Rate of change of momentum of a body= to the Rate of change of momentum of a body= to the force applied to that body & direction of the forceforce applied to that body & direction of the force

3.3. Every action has an equal & opposite reactionEvery action has an equal & opposite reaction

He formed a new formula to calculate PiHe formed a new formula to calculate Pi Newton led the discovery that a prism can decompose Newton led the discovery that a prism can decompose

white light into a spectrum of colorswhite light into a spectrum of colors Universal Gravitation states every point mass in the Universal Gravitation states every point mass in the

universe attracts another with a direct forceuniverse attracts another with a direct force

Review about Isaac NewtonReview about Isaac Newton Isaac Newton was born in:Isaac Newton was born in:

a. Elkridge, Marylanda. Elkridge, Marylandb. Islamabad, Pakistan b. Islamabad, Pakistan c. Woolsthrope, Englandc. Woolsthrope, England

What tragedy occurred when he was a child?What tragedy occurred when he was a child?a. He lost his kidney at schoola. He lost his kidney at schoolb. Someone stole his lunchb. Someone stole his lunchc. His mother diedc. His mother died

Every action has an equal and reaction.Every action has an equal and reaction.a. Hula hoopa. Hula hoopb. Oppositeb. Oppositec. Kristi Kappc. Kristi Kapp

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei““Father of science”Father of science”

By: Iroda BayakhmedovaBy: Iroda BayakhmedovaKelsey MeehanKelsey Meehan

Cece (Cean’e) BattenCece (Cean’e) Batten&&

Christian Russo Christian Russo

All About Galileo All About Galileo Galileo Galilei was a famous

astronomer who was born on February 15, 1564 in Pisa, Italy and died in January 8,1642. in Arcetri, Italy. when older Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher after graduating from the university of Pisa, and later on the university of Padua. He became known for

kinetics Dynamics Telescopic observational Astronomy & and heliocentrism .

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Galileo was responsible Galileo was responsible for the birth of modern for the birth of modern science.science.

He taught kinematics, He taught kinematics, the motion of uniformly the motion of uniformly accelerated objects.accelerated objects.

He confirmed the phases He confirmed the phases of Venus and discovered of Venus and discovered the four largest satellites the four largest satellites of Jupiterof Jupiter

Important AccomplishmentsImportant Accomplishments

Invented military compass (improved version) and birth of modern science.

Later in his lifeLater in his life

Later in his life, Later in his life, Galileo became blind. Galileo became blind. There have been There have been theories that his theories that his blindness came from blindness came from his telescopic his telescopic research, but most research, but most likely he lost his sight likely he lost his sight from cataracts or from cataracts or glaucoma. glaucoma.

Edwin HubbleEdwin Hubble

Information about himInformation about him

He was born Nov, 29, 1889He was born Nov, 29, 1889He died Sept, 28,1953He died Sept, 28,1953Went to University of Chicago Went to University of Chicago Also went to Oxford UniversityAlso went to Oxford UniversityStar athlete of his high school basketball Star athlete of his high school basketball

teamteamMarried to Grace Hubble Married to Grace Hubble American AstronomerAmerican Astronomer

AchievementsAchievements

Discovered other galaxies in the milky wayDiscovered other galaxies in the milky wayEstablished that the universe is expandingEstablished that the universe is expandingHis physic work was nominated for the His physic work was nominated for the

Nobel prizeNobel prizeDiscovered the arrangement of the Discovered the arrangement of the

galaxies which is known as the Hubble galaxies which is known as the Hubble sequencesequence

Hubble SequenceHubble Sequence

Milky way is Milky way is

The spiral gal-The spiral gal-

axy ; 5Bbaxy ; 5Bb

StudiesStudies

Studied from the Hooker telescope; Studied from the Hooker telescope; biggest telescope in the world at that time biggest telescope in the world at that time

Claudius PtolemyClaudius Ptolemy

Kristi Kapp, Walter Jenkins, Kristi Kapp, Walter Jenkins, Amama Saeed, Daniel Amama Saeed, Daniel

LaidlerLaidler


Probably was born around 85?-165?Probably was born around 85?-165?Born in EgyptBorn in EgyptHe created horoscopes He created horoscopes


Made his most original contribution by Made his most original contribution by presenting details for the motions of each of the presenting details for the motions of each of the planets.planets.

The earliest and most important of Ptolemy’s The earliest and most important of Ptolemy’s work that has survived is the Almagest.work that has survived is the Almagest.


He wrote 13 books.He wrote 13 books.Ptolemy first of all justifies his description Ptolemy first of all justifies his description

of the universe based on the earth-centred of the universe based on the earth-centred system described by Aristotle. system described by Aristotle.


In books 4 through 6, Ptolemy gives his In books 4 through 6, Ptolemy gives his theory of the moon. theory of the moon.

The next 2 books deal with fixed stars.The next 2 books deal with fixed stars.

CREDITSCREDITS

KRISTI KAPP KRISTI KAPP DANIEL LAIDLERDANIEL LAIDLERWALTER JENKINSWALTER JENKINSAmama saeedAmama saeed

tycho brahe

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black holes

new instruments

hawkings radiation

astronomical instruments

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event horizon

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