types of conflict canadian & world politics
TRANSCRIPT
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Types of Conflict
Canadian & World Politicswww.CraigMarlatt.com/school
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Types of Conflict
1. Non-Governmental Conflict
2. Nationalistic and Ethnocentric Conflict
3. Major “Traditional” Conflicts
4. The Cold War
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Non-Governmental Conflict
• Terrorism– Futile Search for Roots of Terrorism– Where does terrorism occur?
• Tribalism– Humans have a need of belonging.
• Organized Crime– Political machines in place to fulfill citizen demand for
illegal gambling, liquor, sex, …
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Nationalistic & Ethnocentric Conflict
• Balkan Wars– 1912-1913 fight for Ottoman Empire territory
• Rwanda– 1994 genocide of 800 000 in 100 days– Shake Hands with the Devil
• Democratic Republic of the Congo– Killed, injured, or displaced 50 million– ER in the Congo
• Apartheid in South Africa– 1948-1990 with origins….?!
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Nationalistic & Ethnocentric Conflict
• Ethnocentrism – Thinking one's own group's ways are superior to
others
• India and Pakistan– Created after the departure of the British
• Israel and Arab Nations– 1 Jewish state v. 21 Arab states
• Multinational Indonesia– East Timor
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Major “Traditional” Conflicts
• Berlin Airlift
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Major “Traditional” Conflicts
• Korean War
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Major “Traditional” Conflicts
• Suez Crisis
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Major “Traditional” Conflicts
• Vietnam War
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The Cold War
1. Espionage2. McCarthyism3. Space Race4. Arms Race5. Bomber Gap6. U-2 Incident7. Missile Gap8. Bay of Pigs9. Cuban Missile Crisis
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Cold War – Espionage
• CIA/FBI, KGB, MI6, …
• Ottawa 1945 – Igor Gouzenko defects
• RCMP (until 1983)
• Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS)
• Communications Security Establishment (CSE)
• Spooking the Spooks – Spying at Canadian Universities
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Cold War – McCarthyism
• U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy
• 1953-1954 Hearings on “Un-American Activities”
• Excerpts from the McCarthy Hearings– Military officers– Newspaper editors– Musical composers
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Cold War – Arms Race
• Militarization movements
• Mutually Assured Destruction (!!)
• Three phase theory:– Both nations have enough weapons to destroy the
others– Both nations can detect first strike before it
happens– Both nations are able to respond “appropriately”
before first strike hits
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Cold War – Bomber Gap
• The fear of Soviet superiority in the area of intercontinental bombers
• Soviets flew just 2 different bombers past the Americans several times, giving the illusion of having many active bombers
• Americans knew that the Soviets had a bomber with nuclear and long range capability, but did they have 1 or 100?
• The U.S. response? ….
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Cold War – The U2 Incident
• The U2 bomber was built in response to the Soviet Bison aircraft– 70 000 feet high– 3000 nautical miles range
• First flight was detected by the Soviets, but was unreachable by 20 000 feet
• May 1, 1960 Gary Powers was captured
• U2 still used – discovered missiles in Cuba and flew missions in Gulf War I
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Cold War – Missile Gap
• The perceived Soviet superiority in ICBMs due to exaggerated estimates – Gaither Committee (1957)– U.S. Airforce (1960)
• U2 planes no longer safe sources of intelligence
• U.S. needed alternate means to see what was going on in the Soviet Union, so….
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Cold War – Space Race
• Could satellites safely fly over enemy territory and take pictures of military activities?
• In addition, the rocket demonstrated a new form of international warfare
• USSR and US raced to become the first to use rockets successfully – for the exploration of space – to demonstrate the potential use of rockets as weapons
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Cold War – Bay of Pigs
• In April 1961, newly elected President Kennedy sent in a 1300 strong CIA-trained force which failed miserably
• Military advisors pushed the naïve President into something he personally had no confidence in
• This failure heeded caution to the President just 18 months later….
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Cold War – Missile Crisis
• American U2 planes detected nuclear missiles just 90 miles off the coast of Florida
• U.S. forces were at their highest state of readiness and Soviet forces were authorized to use tactical nuclear weapons
• Could President Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev come to a settlement?