types of dentition veterinary dental nursing procedures types of dentition
TRANSCRIPT
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Veterinary dental nursing procedures
TYPES OF DENTITION
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TYPES OF DENTITION
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Function of teeth
• Defence
• Acquiring food– Picking up– Catching – Killing
• Holding food
• Breaking down food– Cutting (shearing)– Crushing (grinding)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Evolution of teeth
• From skin
• From fish scales?
• All vertebrates have evolved from toothed ancestors (except Agnatha)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Shark teeth – new rows
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TYPES OF DENTITION
In the mammalian embryo
• Bud forms in oral mucosa– First completely buried then resurfaces
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Evolutionary classifications
• tooth location
• anchorage
• number
• form
• number of replacement sets
• cycles of replacement
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Tooth location
• Fish– on most jaw/palate bones
• Mammals– Premaxilla-Maxilla– Mandible
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TYPES OF DENTITION
• Side of jaw (pleurodont)– eg sharks
• Crest of jaw (aerodont)
• Tooth socket (thecodont)– attached in a socket with a projecting
crown
Tooth location
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Number of teeth
• Many (polyodont) – primitive vertebrates• Several (oligodont) – trends towards this.
Toothless vertebrates became toothless by either loss in number of teeth or by progressive reduction in the size of each tooth. For example, groups such as birds, turtles, and some anurans result from reduction in tooth size as evidenced by presence of teeth in the embryos of these groups.
• None (aphyodonty) – no teeth erupt, e.g. armadillos and anteaters.
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Tooth Variation
• Single shape (homodonty)– The primitive condition ,with teeth of a
uniform, conical appearance– Most non-mammalian vertebrates
(Crocodilians have some variation)
• 2 or More shapes (heterodonty)– The teeth may be modified for crushing
(bunodont), grinding (selenodont, lophodont ), slashing (canine), shearing (secodont), poison conducting. Mammals
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TYPES OF DENTITION
No. of Sets of Teeth per Lifetime
• Many– primitive vertebrates were characterised with continual
replacement of teeth eg sharks (polyphyodont)
• Several– several sets of temporary teeth before a final set of
permanent teeth eg crocodiles (oligophyodont)
• Two– eg cat /dogs/humans (In all mammals molars are by
definition permanent teeth. Premolars may be deciduous) (biphyodont)
• One– eg moles (monophyodont)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
How to make a tooth last
• For carnivores – short crown– brachydont shape
• For herbivores – long crown– hypsodont shape– Either
• Continual growth, or• Slow growth & slow eruption (horse)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Closed & Open Roots
Closed Open
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Open & Closed Roots
• Open root = continued growth– Enamel extends all way into socket
(elodont)
• Closed root = ceased growth– Enamel extends only over crown
• Closed slowly with continued eruption throughout life– Long crown but shortens as tooth worn
down and erupts
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Closed Roots (e.g. cat, dog, man)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Open Roots (rabbit)
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Replacement patterns
• Vertical– e.g. horse
• Horizontal– e.g. elephant
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Elephant
• Horizontal replacement
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Horse
• Vertical replacement
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Snakes
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Snakes
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Snakes
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TYPES OF DENTITION
Upper Pads
• Sheep & Cattle
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TYPES OF DENTITION
The End