types of fuel injection systems in spark ignition and compression ignition engines, performance and...
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Types of fuel injection in SI and CI engines, performance and advantages over conventional
petrol enginesPresented by: Asad Saleem 2014-ME-302
Salman Imtiaz 2014-ME-303
Hannan Hameed 2014-ME-307
Farzad Qamar 2014-ME-336
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Contents
• Introduction
• Types of fuel injection systems in SI engines
• Types of fuel injection systems in CI engines
• Advantages of modern Fuel injection methods in SI engines
• Advantages of modern Fuel injection methods in CI engines
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Introduction
• All Internal combustion engines require injection of the fuel and air into the combustion chamber to achieve combustion and consequently produce power.
• Both SI and CI engines have different types of fuel injection systems which will be described in detail.
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Types of Fuel Injection in SI engines
1. Carburetion
2. Throttle body injection system
3. Multi point fuel injection
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1. Carburetion
• Formation of combustible air-fuel mixture outside the combustion chamber by mixing proper amount of fuel and air is called carburetion
• This is done by a device called carburetor
• Appropriate for Petrol 4 and 2 strokes engines as petrol is more volatile than diesel
• Fuel is atomized by relying on the air speed
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2. Throttle body injection system
• Similar to carburetor throttle body injection system with a throttle valve controlling the amount of air entering the intake manifold
• Injector is placed slightly above the throttle body
• Injector sprays the gasoline into the air in the intake manifold where gasoline mixes with the air and mixture passes through the throttle valve and enters the intake manifold
• It may be timed or continuous type
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3. Multi point fuel injection
• Multipoint fuel injection (also called PFI, port fuel injection) injects fuel into the intake ports just upstream of each cylinder's intake valve, rather than at a central point within an intake manifold.
• 3 types:-
Sequential: Injection is timed to coincide with each cylinder's intake stroke
Batched: Fuel is injected to the cylinders in groups, without precise synchronization to any particular cylinder's intake stroke
Simultaneous: Fuel is injected at the same time to all the cylinders
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Types of Fuel Injection in CI engines
1. Mechanical injection system
2. Common rail injection system
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1. Mechanical injection system
• Fuel is forced into the cylinder by means of compressed air
• Not widely used anymore as it requires bulky multistage air compressor which increases engine weight and reduces brake power output
• Despite that it gives good mixing of fuel with the air resulting in a higher mean effective pressure meaning higher indicated power for the engine
• High viscosity fuels can be injected through this method
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2. Common rail injection system
• High pressure pump supplies fuel to a fuel header
• High pressure in header pushes to the respective nozzles located in the cylinders
• At the proper time, a mechanically operated valve allows fuel to enter the proper cylinder through the nozzle
• Length of push rod controls the amount of fuel entering in the combustion chamber
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Advantages of modern Fuel injection methods in SI engines
• Uniform distribution in multi cylinder engines
• Higher volumetric efficiency
• Reduced or eliminated detonation
• Formation of ice on the throttle plate is eliminated
• Manifold wetting is eliminated
• Atomization of the fuel is independent of cranking speed and therefore starting the engine will be easier
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Advantages of modern Fuel injection methods in CI engines
• Drastically cuts emissions
• Increased fuel efficiency
• Complete control over start and end of injection
• Injection pressure is independent of engine speed
• Variable injection pressure can be set