Types of mixturesTypes of mixtures

Russ Ballard

Kentlake Science Department

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Suspension ActivitySuspension Activity

Take canister of sand.Place in 150 mL of tap water.Stir.Allow to settle.Meeting minder on observations.

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Suspensions - beforeSuspensions - before

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Suspensions – afterSuspensions – after

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Solution ActivitySolution Activity

Add scoop of NaCL to 150 mL of tap water.

Observe immediate results.Let stand and observe.Filter.Meeting minder on observations.

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SolutionsSolutions

What is the difference between

mixture and solution?

How do you tell a

heterogeneous from a

homogeneous mixture?

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SuspensionsSuspensions

Heterogeneous.Particles settle out.Can be separated by filtering.May scatter light, but are not

transparent.

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Solutions Solutions Homogeneous.Do not separate on

standing.Cannot be

separated by filtering.

Do not scatter light.

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Colloid with Laser Colloid with Laser

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Colloid ActivityColloid Activity

Place 150 mL of tap water in beaker.

Add three drops of milk.Direct laser/light box at water.Switch on.Meeting minder on observations.

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ColloidsColloids

Heterogeneous.Do not separate on standing.Cannot be separated by

filtration.Scatters light (Tyndall effect).

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Types of SolutionsTypes of Solutions

Solid solutions.

Gaseous solutions.

Liquid solutions.

Aqueous solutions.

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Solid SolutionsSolid Solutions

Combinations

that are solid.

Alloys of metals.

–Coins

–Jewelry

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Alloys Alloys

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Gaseous SolutionsGaseous Solutions

Air we

breathe.

Pollutants

–SO2

–NO2

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Liquid Solutions Liquid Solutions

Gas in liquids.

–Oxygen in water.

–CO2 in soda.

–NH3 in water.

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Gas in a Liquid SolutionGas in a Liquid Solution

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Liquid SolutionsLiquid Solutions

Liquid in a liquid.Some will mix =

miscible.–Alcohol and water

Some will not = immiscible.–Oil and water

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Aqueous SolutionsAqueous Solutions

Substances that

dissolve in water.

Produce ions.

Produce

molecules.

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Solubility of NaClSolubility of NaCl

Polar and Non-Polar Substances.Polar and Non-Polar Substances.

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Polar CompoundsPolar Compounds

Molecule has a charge.

Based on atoms.

Based on geometry.

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Non-polar CompoundsNon-polar Compounds

Molecule has no charge.

Based on atoms.

Based on geometry.

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Using ElectronegativityUsing Electronegativity

0.0 - .3 = non-polar covalent

0.3 - 1.7 = polar covalent

1.7 – higher = ionic

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Polar & Non-polar CompoundsPolar & Non-polar Compounds

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Polar / Non-Polar CombinationsPolar / Non-Polar Combinations

Must be the same.

Usually solid in water or

liquid in liquid.

“like dissolves like”.

Solution EquilibriumSolution Equilibrium

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Solubility RateSolubility Rate

Surface area

Stirring

Temperature

Pressure

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SolubilitySolubility

Solubility is the amount of

solute that will dissolve in a

specific solvent under given

conditions.

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Predict SolubilityPredict Solubility

If non-polar only a non-polar solvent will work.

If polar or ionic only a polar solvent will work

ElectrolytesElectrolytes

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ElectrolytesElectrolytes

Dissolving ionic substances in water.

Ions conduct electricity.–Human body–Battery

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Non-ElectrolytesNon-Electrolytes

Do not conduct

electricity.

Molecules form

them.

–Sugar in water.

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Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes.Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes.

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Electrolyte modelElectrolyte model

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Exothermic / Endothermic SolutionsExothermic / Endothermic Solutions

A measure of bonds broken

and formed.

Heat is given = exothermic.

Heat is needed = endothermic.

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Exothermic and EndothermicExothermic and Endothermic

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Photo CreditsPhoto Credits http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/susp1.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/miscible4.jpg http://www.schoolscience.co.uk/content/3/physics/bama/images/sols1.gif http://www.tg.rim.or.jp/~kanai/pic/col04.jpg http://www.foundry-casting.co.uk/casting-foundry-pics/copper-base-alloys.jpg http://www.jhu.edu/~matsci/people/faculty/erlebacher/what_is_materials_science.htm http://adaptivestrategies.com/CARDIAC.jpg http://i.timeinc.net/popsci/images/science/sci0302antifreeze_A.gif http://www.washington.edu/cambots/archive/fog.gif http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/chem/phscale2.jpg http://www.csmt.ewu.edu/csmt/chem/jcorkill/soap.gif http://cator.hsc.edu/~kmd/caveman/projects/soap/water.jpg http://www.chem.neu.edu/Courses/1105Tom/05Lecture11_files/image006.jpg http://www.lhup.edu/~rkleinma/Chem220/CH1Notes/CH1f/dipole3.GIF http://www.sciencekit.com/Images/ProductImages/149666.jpg http://www.gcsevise.com/images/endo_exo.jpg