typhus sweerts, michael. plague in an ancient city. carla lardizabal biol402 april 15, 2010
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Typhus is a febrile disease caused by Rickettsia bacteria spread by lice or fleas.
Murine (endemic) typhus Epidemic typhus andBrill-Zinsser disease
Symptoms
• Fever• Headache • Rash • Gangrene• Organ failure• Neurological complications– delirium, stupor, seizures, stroke
Typhus has a worldwide distribution, but outbreaks have occurred in certain areas.
Epidemic typhus, WHO, July 2008
Typhus has a worldwide distribution, but outbreaks have occurred in certain areas.
Endemic areas of murine typhus, World Health Organization (WHO). 1989
Typhus thrives in crowded,
unsanitary living conditions.
Kibumba refugee camp in Goma, Zaire, July 1994
Louse eradication is essential for outbreak control.
DDT dusting
WHO Protocol
Dust clothing with 10% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane1% malation,1% permethrine
ResourcesAdjemian , Jennifer and Marina E. Eremeeva, Gregory A. Dasch. "Rickettsial (Spotted and Typhus Fevers) and
Related Infections (Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-5/rickettsial-and-related-infections.aspx>.
"Lice 'undermined Napoleon's army' ". BBC News. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4534540.stm>.Morens,, David M. and Myron G. Schultz. "Charles-Jules-Henri Nicolle". Emerging Infectious Disease.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819868/>.Raoult, Didier, and Philippe Parola. Rickettsial diseases. Informa HealthCare, 2007. Print. “Rickettsia prowazekii.” Virginia Bioinformatics Institute.
<http://pathport.vbi.vt.edu/pathinfo/pathogens/Rickettsia_prowazekii_Info.shtml>.“Rickettsia typhi.” Virginia Bioinformatics Institute. <
http://pathport.vbi.vt.edu/pathinfo/pathogens/Rickettsia_typhi_Info.shtml>."Rickettsial and Related Infections". The Merck Manuals: Online Medical Library. Merck & Co, Inc..
<http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec17/ch195/ch195a.html>.“Typhus.” eMedicine. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-overview>."Typhus: Differential Diagnoses & Workup". eMedicine. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-
diagnosis>."Typhus: Treatment & Medication". eMedicine. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/231374-
treatment>.