u nited a rab emirates u niversity c ollege of e ngineering
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U nited A rab Emirates U niversity C ollege of E ngineering. Graduation Project (I) Course Graduation Project Code: PETE 585 Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the B.Sc. Degree in Petroleum Engineering. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
United Arab Emirates UniversityCollege of Engineering
Graduation Project (I) CourseGraduation Project Code: PETE 585
Submitted for Partial Fulfillment of the B.Sc. Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Marwan Waleed alkhalifi 970710280 Walid Mohed AbdullHay 970711290
AbdulMohsen mohamed 980710963
Abdulaziz Mohamed 970710613
Acidizing TreatmentAcidizing Treatment
The aim of the acidizing.The aim of the acidizing.
The result of the acidizing.The result of the acidizing.
Acidizing in the well.Acidizing in the well.
The Carbonate RockThe Carbonate Rock
The rock that our experiment has been run The rock that our experiment has been run on is from Hafit mountain.on is from Hafit mountain.
The rock should be one big piece?The rock should be one big piece?
Why we choose rock from Hafit mountain?Why we choose rock from Hafit mountain?
Hafit Mountain Carbonate RockHafit Mountain Carbonate Rock
Core SamplesCore Samples
Cutting the big rock into small core Cutting the big rock into small core sample.sample.
Eight core sample.Eight core sample.
The dimensions of these core sample.The dimensions of these core sample.
Core Samples CutterCore Samples Cutter
Core SamplesCore Samples
SATURATE THE CORE WITH SATURATE THE CORE WITH WATERWATER
The procedure for the experiment:The procedure for the experiment: Put the core in sealed chamber.Put the core in sealed chamber. Start the vacuum pump which are connected to the sealed Start the vacuum pump which are connected to the sealed
chamber.chamber. Keep the vacuum pump socking the air in the chamber for 24 Keep the vacuum pump socking the air in the chamber for 24
hour.hour. The vacuum pump will sock until pressure inside the chamber The vacuum pump will sock until pressure inside the chamber
is -150 psi.is -150 psi. After that we open the valve that are connected to the saucer After that we open the valve that are connected to the saucer
which contain brine water.which contain brine water. The brine salt is 50,000 ppm in water (25 gm brine in 500 ml The brine salt is 50,000 ppm in water (25 gm brine in 500 ml
water).water).
gmmlmassbrine 25500*000,000,1
000,50)(
Vacuum PumpVacuum Pump
Sealed ChamberBrine Water
Core Sample
Vacuum Pump
THE POROSITY OF THE CORE THE POROSITY OF THE CORE SAMPLESAMPLE
The weight of the core when it is dry The weight of the core when it is dry should be taken.should be taken.
The weight of the core when it is saturated The weight of the core when it is saturated with water should be taken.with water should be taken.
Applying the equation we can find the Applying the equation we can find the porosity of each core.porosity of each core.
The data and result for the different cores The data and result for the different cores are been encountered in the table.are been encountered in the table.
56.1808.4*)
2245.2
(*
056.172.3989.42
/056.1)(
21
2
AM
w
drysat
Lr
WW
Vb
Vp
ccgdensityWater
The Calculation of the PorosityThe Calculation of the Porosity
The Permeability of the Core The Permeability of the Core SampleSample
The core laboratories has been used to The core laboratories has been used to know the flow rate of the water passing know the flow rate of the water passing through the core.through the core.
This flow rate is calculated from the This flow rate is calculated from the volume of the water passing the core volume of the water passing the core divided by the time took for the water to divided by the time took for the water to accumulate in the tube.accumulate in the tube.
From the flow rate that been calculated From the flow rate that been calculated then the permeability can be calculated then the permeability can be calculated from an specific equation.from an specific equation.
Core LaboratoriesCore Laboratories
Nitrogen Cylinder
Pressure Control
Overburden Pressure
Pump
Pressure Gauge
The Permeability CalculationThe Permeability Calculation
mdK
darcyK
PA
QLK
psiP
mlml
time
VQ
cpwaterVisocisty
AM
AM
6.44
0446.0)7.14/23(*)
2245.2
(*
08.4*05895.0*15.1
23
sec/05895.0sec1.72
25.4
15.1)(
2
1
1
Core LaboratoriesCore Laboratories
The oil saturation & irreducible The oil saturation & irreducible water saturationwater saturation
The oil has been injected into the core sample to The oil has been injected into the core sample to saturate it with oil.saturate it with oil.
The core laboratories has been used to know The core laboratories has been used to know the volume of the oil with water passing through the volume of the oil with water passing through the core.the core.
The volume of the water passing through the The volume of the water passing through the core is been encountered and we should know core is been encountered and we should know the total volume of water accumulated in the the total volume of water accumulated in the tube.tube.
From the volume of the water we can calculate From the volume of the water we can calculate the irreducible water saturation from a specific the irreducible water saturation from a specific equation.equation.
Nitrogen Cylinder
Pressure Control
Overburden Pressure
Pump
Pressure Gauge
81.019.01
1
%19
%19100*399.3
75.2399.3
%100*
399.3/056.1
59.3.
)1(
/056.1)(
So
SSo
S
S
Vp
VVpS
ccccgm
gmdiffwtVp
CWFor
ccgmwaterDensity
wir
wir
wir
waterwir
The Result of the ExperimentThe Result of the ExperimentSample #Sat.
WtDryWt.
Wt.Dff.
Vp(cc)
Diam.
(cm)
Length(cm)
C.SArea(cm2)
Vb(cc)
Φ %K(md)
Swir %
So%
AM142.8939.723.173.0022.2454.083.9616.1618.5644.60.170.83
AM244.2342.012.222.12.2354.0453.9215.8713.23140.60.210.89
CW142.1838.593.593.3992.254.033.97616.02321.21300.190.81
CW242.9239.743.183.0142,244.153.94116.35519670.280.72
MC140.5836.663.923.7122.024.03.20512.8228.91130.220.78
MC240.3736.953.423.2382.223.9053.8715.1121870.300.7
MC339.9335.234.74.5172.244.033.9415.87282720.190.81
MC443.5939.504.093.882.324.14.2217.3026169.30.310.69
Strategy of the treatmentStrategy of the treatment
Effect of Rock permeabilityEffect of Rock permeability
Effect of HCL concentration Effect of HCL concentration
Effect of Flow RateEffect of Flow Rate
Effect of HCL Con.Effect of HCL Con.
Q=1.0 cc/mQ=1.0 cc/mHCL HCL con.con.
Core #Core #K (md)K (md)
10%10%MC1MC1113113
15%15%CW1CW1130130
20%20%CW2CW2140140
Effect of Rock PermeabilityEffect of Rock Permeability
HCL concentration = HCL concentration = 15% wt.15% wt.
Q=1.0 cc/minQ=1.0 cc/min Core #Core #K (md)K (md)
MC3MC3272272
MC4MC4169169
CW2CW26767
Effect 0f Flow RateEffect 0f Flow Rate
Concentration of Concentration of HCL=15% wtHCL=15% wt
Core #Core #K (md)K (md)Q Q (cc/m)(cc/m)
MC2MC287872.02.0
CW2CW267671.01.0
SEM (Scanning Electronic SEM (Scanning Electronic Macroscopic)Macroscopic)
1 mm1 mm22..
Magnification x1000.Magnification x1000.
The Result of the ExperimentThe Result of the ExperimentSample #Sat.
WtDryWt.
Wt.Dff.
Vp(cc)
Diam.
(cm)
Length(cm)
C.SArea(cm2)
Vb(cc)
Φ %K(md)
Swir %
So%
AM142.8939.723.173.0022.2454.083.9616.1618.56440.170.83
AM244.2341.013.223.052.2354.0453.9215.8719.231400.210.89
CW142.1838.593.593.3992.254.033.97616.02321.21300.190.81
CW242.9239.743.183.0142,244.153.94116.35519670.280.72
MC140.5836.663.923.7122.024.03.20512.8228.91130.220.78
MC240.3736.953.423.2382.223.9053.8715.1121870.300.7
MC339.9335.234.74.5172.244.033.9415.87282720.190.81
MC443.5939.504.093.882.324.14.2217.30261690.310.69
Preparation of the Different HCL Preparation of the Different HCL ConcentrationConcentration
For 10% HCL we dissolved 277.7 ml conc. For 10% HCL we dissolved 277.7 ml conc. HCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of HHCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of H22O.O.
For 15% HCL we dissolved 416.6 ml conc. For 15% HCL we dissolved 416.6 ml conc. HCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of HHCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of H22O.O.
Volume of the AcidVolume of the Acid
For 20% HCL we dissolved 555.55 ml For 20% HCL we dissolved 555.55 ml conc. HCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of conc. HCL(36%) and add to it 1000 ml of HH22O.O.
The volume of the acid has been used is The volume of the acid has been used is 30% of the pore volume.30% of the pore volume.
For AM1 For AM1 VVHCLHCL= 0.3 PV= 0.3 PV
VVHCLHCL= 0.3 * 3 cc = 0.9 cc = 0.3 * 3 cc = 0.9 cc
The Procedure of the Experiment for the The Procedure of the Experiment for the effect of the Flow Rate Studyeffect of the Flow Rate Study
We Injected mud into the core sample to damage the We Injected mud into the core sample to damage the core and reduce the permeability.core and reduce the permeability.
After that we injected 15% wt acid about 0.3 of PV.After that we injected 15% wt acid about 0.3 of PV.
We injected water to displace the acid in the core and We injected water to displace the acid in the core and wait to become the pressure constant.wait to become the pressure constant.
A constant flow rate of 2 cc/min for MC2 and 1 cc/min for A constant flow rate of 2 cc/min for MC2 and 1 cc/min for CW2. CW2.
Acid Treatment UnitAcid Treatment Unit
Control Panel
Pump
Core Holder
Pressure Gauge & Valves
Effect of HCL ConcentrationEffect of HCL Concentration
Q=1.0 cc/mQ=1.0 cc/mHCL HCL con.con.
Core #Core #K (md)K (md)
10%10%MC1MC1113113
15%15%CW1CW1130130
20%20%CW2CW2140140
Effect of Rock PermeabilityEffect of Rock Permeability
HCL concentration = 15% wt.HCL concentration = 15% wt. Q=1.0 cc/minQ=1.0 cc/min
Core #Core #K (md)K (md)
MC3MC3272272
MC4MC4169169
AM1AM16767
Effect 0f Flow RateEffect 0f Flow Rate
Concentration of HCL=15% wtConcentration of HCL=15% wt
Core #Core #K (md)K (md)Q Q (cc/m)(cc/m)
MC2MC287872.02.0
CW2CW247471.51.5
AM1AM167671.01.0
The Results of the ExperimentThe Results of the ExperimentSample #Sat.
WtDryWt.
Wt.Dff.
Vp(cc)
Diam.
(cm)
Length(cm)
C.SArea(cm2)
Vb(cc)
Φ %K(md)
Swir %
So%
AM142.8939.723.173.0022.2454.083.9616.1618.56470.170.83
AM244.2341.013.223.052.2354.0453.9215.8719.231400.210.89
CW142.1838.593.593.3992.254.033.97616.02321.21300.190.81
CW242.9239.743.183.0142.244.153.94116.35519670.280.72
MC140.5836.663.923.7122.024.03.20512.8228.91130.220.78
MC240.3736.953.423.2382.223.9053.8715.1121870.300.7
MC339.9335.234.74.5172.244.033.9415.87282720.190.81
MC443.5939.504.093.882.324.14.2217.30261690.310.69
Acid Treatment UnitAcid Treatment Unit
The Procedure of the ExperimentThe Procedure of the Experiment
Inject mud into the core sample to damage the Inject mud into the core sample to damage the core and reduce the permeability.core and reduce the permeability.
Calculate the pore volume of injected mud and Calculate the pore volume of injected mud and the damage pressure.the damage pressure.
Inject water to displace the acid in the core and Inject water to displace the acid in the core and wait to become the pressure constant.wait to become the pressure constant.
Calculate the pore volume of injected acid amd Calculate the pore volume of injected acid amd the water and also the treated pressure. the water and also the treated pressure.
The Damage Permeability The Damage Permeability CalculationCalculation
mdK
darcyK
PA
QLK
barP
mlQ
cpmudVisocisty
MC
MC
2.2
0022.0)7.14/127(*)
232.2
(*
1.4*60/1*2.1
127
min/1
2.1)(
2
4
4
The Stimulated Permeability The Stimulated Permeability CalculationCalculation
mdK
darcyK
PA
QLK
barP
mlQ
cpwaterVisocisty
MC
MC
27
027.0)7.14/8(*)
232.2
(*
1.4*60/1*1
25
min/1
1)(
2
4
4
Effect of the flow rateEffect of the flow rate
Pore volume of acid injected.Pore volume of acid injected.
MC2MC2
CW2CW2
AM1 AM1
PVI=0.3 * 3.238=0.9714
PVI=0.3 * 3.014=0.9042
PVI=0.3 * 3.002=0.9006
K (md)PV
870
8710
8620
8030
7040
5550
4060
2570
1080
584
586
688
2195
37110
51125
61140
62155
62177
Core MC2Core MC2K vs. PV Injected
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
PV Injected
K (m
d)
Mud Inje
ctio
nA
cid w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Core CW2Core CW2K (md)PV
670
6715
6530
5645
4550
3365
2480
1595
7110
2125
2130
5134
17155
22175
27195
31220
32240
32260
Aci
d w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Mud Inje
ctio
n K vs. PV Injected
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
PV Injected
K (m
d)
Core AM1Core AM1
Aci
d w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Mud Inje
ctio
nK vs. PV Injected
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
PV Injected
K (m
d)
K (md)PV
470
475
4411
3617
2823
1930
1237
844
552
2.960
2.968
471
881
1292
15102
19113
21121
21130
KDQ (cc/min)
51
17.51.5
9.02
KD vs. q
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
q (cc/min)
KD
KD = (Ki – Kacid) / Kdamage
Effect of the rock permeabilityEffect of the rock permeability Pore volume injectedPore volume injected
MC3MC3
MC4MC4
AM1AM1PVI=0.3*3.88=1.164
PVI=0.3*4.517=1.355
PVI=0.3 * 3.002=0.9006
Core AM1Core AM1
Aci
d w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Mud Inje
ctio
nK vs. PV Injected
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
PV Injected
K (m
d)
K (md)PV
470
475
4411
3617
2823
1930
1237
844
552
2.960
2.968
471
881
1292
15102
19113
21121
21130
Core MC4Core MC4
Aci
d w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Mud Inje
ctio
n
)md(K PV
1700
1457
12215
9522
7529
4837
2345
1455
665
277
282
685
12100
17115
21130
25145
28160
28180
K vs. PV Injected
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
PV Injected
K (m
d)
Core MC3Core MC3
Aci
d w
ith W
ate
r In
ject
ion
Mud Inje
ctio
n
)md(KPV
2700
25010
21520
18530
15040
11550
8560
5075
1590
3100
3107
6110
12130
18150
24170
30190
36210
36230
K vs. PV Injected
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 50 100 150 200 250
PV Injected
K (m
d)
KD = (Ki – Kacid) / Kdamage
KD vs. K
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
K (md)
KD
DK) md (k
9.047
71170
78.0270
Problems faced in our experimentProblems faced in our experiment
High over burden pressure needed.High over burden pressure needed.
When we stop our mud injected?When we stop our mud injected?