u of r school of law - university of richmond previous catalogs/c… · 6 7 university of richmond...

U N I V E R S I T Y O F R I C H M O N D

SCHOOL OF LAW

F O R I N F O R M A T I O N :

Admissions Office

University of Richmond School of Law

University of Richmond, Virginia 23173

(804) 289-8189

http://law.richmond.edu

2002-03

*Each term the Registrar publishes a detailed academic calendar to inform the University community of timeschedules and deadlines. Dates shown here are subject to change.

A C A D E M I C C A L E N D A R S

3

Academic Calendars ....... 3

Directory ......................... 6

Board of Trustees ........... 6

Administration ................ 7

Faculty ............................. 7

University of RichmondSchool of Law ................12

Admission ......................25

Academic Regulations...27

C O N T E N T S

Financial Affairs .............34

Financial Aid .................. 37

Student Activities ..........42

Curriculum .....................44

First-Year Courses ........ 44

Required Upper-LevelCourses ..........................44

Second- or Third-Year Elective Courses ....45

Campus Map ................. 55

S U M M E R S E S S I O N 2 0 0 2

Mar. 21-Apr. 19 ........................... Touchtone Registration periodApr. 20-May 14, Sun.-Tues. ......... Late registrationMay 13, Mon. .............................. Three- and eight-week classes beginMay 31, Fri. ................................. Three-week session last day of classesJune 1, Sat. .................................. Three-week session examinationsJune 1, Sat. .................................. Three-week session endsJune 28, Fri. ................................. Eight-week session last day of classesJuly 1-5, Mon.-Fri. ....................... Eight-week session examinationsJuly 5, Fri. .................................... Eight-week session endsAug. 14, Wed. ............................. Summer Diploma Date

S U M M E R P R O G R A M A B R O A D

July 7-Aug. 10 ............................. Cambridge University, England(Course offerings are taught by University of Richmond law faculty and CambridgeUniversity law faculty.)

F A L L S E M E S T E R 2 0 0 2

Apr. 11-July 12 ............................ RegistrationAug. 14, Wed. ............................. Orientation (new students)Aug. 19, Mon. ............................. Classes begin, 8:30 a.m.Aug. 23, Fri.. ................................ No-fee add/drop period endsAug. 24, Sat. ................................ Fee add/drop period beginsSept. 2, Mon. ............................... Labor Day (classes meet)Aug. 30, Fri. ................................. Add period and audit option endsSept. 6, Fri. .................................. Last day for third-year students to file for degreeSept. 6, Fri. .................................. No-record drop period ends, 5:00 p.m.Oct. 4, Fri. ................................... Last day to withdraw from classOct. 11, Fri. ................................. Fall Break begins after last class–years 1 and 3 onlyOct. 16, Wed. .............................. Classes resumeNov. 12-15, Tues.-Fri. ................. Spring-term registration for continuing studentsNov. 26, Tues. ............................. Thanksgiving holiday begins after classesNov. 26, Tues. ............................. Last day of classesNov. 30- Dec. 1, Sat.-Sun. ........... Study periodDec. 2-13, Mon.-Fri. .................... Fall-term examinationsDec. 13, Fri. ................................. Fall-term ends

S P R I N G S E M E S T E R 2 0 0 3

Jan. 6, Mon. ................................. Registration for new and re-entering studentsJan. 6, Mon. ................................. Classes beginJan. 10, Fri. .................................. No-fee add/drop period endsJan. 11, Sat. ................................. Fee add/drop period beginsJan. 15, Wed. ............................... Fall Diploma DateJan. 17, Fri. .................................. Add period and audit option ends

4 5


2003-04

*Each term the Registrar publishes a detailed academic calendar to inform the University community of timeschedules and deadlines. Dates shown here are subject to change.

Addendum to the University of Richmond Academic Calendars 2002-2004

The list below is intended to familiarize the University community with major religiousholidays affecting many throughout the campus. Inclusion on this list does not implythat the day is a University holiday, but is provided to alert members of the Richmondcommunity to possible scheduling conflicts. See the Class Attendance and University Holi-days section of the catalog for details.

Christian Holidays 2002- 2004Holiday ............................................ 2002-2003 2003-2004Christmas ..............................................Dec. 25, Wed., 2002 Dec. 25, Thur., 2003Good Friday ..........................................April 18, Fri., 2003 April 9, Fri., 2004Easter Sunday .......................................April 20, Sun., 2003 April 11, Sun., 2004Easter Monday ......................................April 21, Mon., 2003 April 12, Mon., 2004

Jewish Holidays 2002-2003Holiday 2002-2003 2003-2004Rosh Hashanah ..................................... Sept. 7-8, Sat.-Sun., 2002 Sept. 27-28, Sat.-Sun., 2003Yom Kippur .......................................... Sept. 16, Mon., 2002 Oct. 6, Mon., 2003Sukkot ................................................... Sept. 21-22, Sat.-Sun., 2002 Oct. 11-12, Sat.-Sun., 2003Shemini Atzeret/Simchat Torah ............ Sept. 28-29, Sat.-Sun., 2002 Oct. 18-19, Sat.-Sun., 2003Hanukkah** ..........................................Nov. 30-Dec 7, Sat.-Sat., 2002 Dec. 20-27, Sat.-Sun., 2003Passover (seders) ..................................April 17-18, Thur.-Fri., 2003 April 6-7, Tues.-Wed., 2004Passover (ending) .................................April 23-24, Wed.-Thur., 2003 April 12-13, Mon.-Tues., 2004Shavuot ................................................. June 6-7, Fri.-Sat., 2003 May 26-27, Wed.-Thur., 2004Jewish holy days, religious festivals, and the weekly Sabbath begin at sunset. On these days, observant Jewsdo not engage in daily activities or fulfill routine commitments.Many Jews who do not observe all holy days prefer to celebrate at their synagogue or at home on RoshHashanah, Yom Kippur, and the first two evenings of Passover.**This holiday does not require absence from routine commitments.

Islamic Holidays 2002-2004Holiday 2002-2003 2003-2004Eid-al-Fitr ..............................................Dec 6, Fri., 2002 Nov. 25, Tues., 2003Eid-al-Adha ........................................... Feb. 12, Wed., 2003 Feb. 1, Sun., 2004Islamic New Year ..................................Mar. 5, Wed. 2003 Feb. 22, Sun., 2004All Islamic dates begin at sunset the preceding evening.The Islamic year is based on the lunar cycle, consisting of twelve months of 29 or 30 days each,totaling 353 or 354 days. Each new month begins at the sighting of a new moon. Actual dates maydiffer by a day or two from the above dates. In many places, the moon sighting is often determinedin advance by astronomical calculations.

A C A D E M I C C A L E N D A R S

Jan. 24, Fri. .................................. No-record drop period ends, 5:00 p.m.Feb. 21, Fri. ................................. Last day to withdraw from classFeb. 28, Fri. ................................. Spring vacation begins after last classMar. 10, Mon. .............................. Classes resumeApr. 18, Fri. ................................. Last day of classesApr. 19-20, Sat.-Sun. ................... Study periodApr. 21-May 2, Mon.-Fri. ............. Spring-term examinationsMay 2, Fri. ................................... Spring-term endsMay 3, Sat. ................................... Law School Spring CommencementMay 4, Sun. ................................. University Baccalaureate Service

S U M M E R S E S S I O N 2 0 0 3

The Summer School Calendar for 2003 will be announced during the fall 2002 term.

F A L L S E M E S T E R 2 0 0 3

Apr. 10-15, Thurs.-Tues. ............. RegistrationAug. 20, Wed. ............................. Orientation (new students)Aug. 25, Mon. ............................. Classes beginSept. 1, Mon. ............................... Labor Day (classes meet)Sept. 5, Fri. .................................. Last day for third-year students to file for degreeOct. 10, Fri. ................................. Fall Break begins after last class–years 1 and 3 only.Oct. 15, Wed. .............................. Classes resumeNov. 25, Tues. ............................. Thanksgiving holiday begins after classesDec. 1, Mon. ............................... Classes resumeDec. 5, Fri.. .................................. Last day of classesDec. 6-7, Sat.-Sun. ....................... Study periodDec. 8-19, Mon.-Fri. .................... Fall-term examinationsDec. 19, Fri. ................................. Fall-term ends

S P R I N G S E M E S T E R 2 0 0 4

Jan. 12, Mon. ............................... Registration for new and re-entering studentsJan. 12, Mon. ............................... Classes beginMar. 5, Fri. ................................... Spring vacation begins after last classMar. 15, Mon. .............................. Classes resumeApr. 23, Fri. ................................. Last day of classesApr. 24-25, Sat.-Sun. ................... Study periodApr. 26-May 7, Mon.-Fri. ............. Spring-term examinationsMay 7, Fri. ................................... Spring-term endsMay 8, Sat. ................................... Law School Spring CommencementMay 9, Sun. ................................. University Baccalaureate Service

6 7


The University

William E. Cooper, PresidentRichard L. Morrill, Chancellor and University

ProfessorE. Bruce Heilman, ChancellorLeonard S. Goldberg, Vice President,

Student AffairsHerbert C. Peterson, Vice President, Business

and Finance and TreasurerLouis W. Moelchert Jr., Vice President

for InvestmentsD. Chris Withers, Vice President,

AdvancementKathy Monday, Vice President,

Information ServicesDaniel J. Palazzolo, Special Assistant to the

President for Academic AffairsJulie E. Tea, Director of Special Projects,

Office of the PresidentCarolyn R. Martin, Executive Assistant to

the PresidentSusan D. Breeden, University RegistrarJames D. Miller, Director of AthleticsDavid D. Burhans, Chaplain to the UniversityJames R. Rettig, University Librarian

A D M I N I S T R A T I O N

University Deans

Uliana F. Gabara, Dean, InternationalEducation

Ellie T. Sturgis, Dean, Westhampton CollegeAndrew F. Newcomb, Acting Dean, School of

Arts and SciencesRichard A. Mateer, Dean, Richmond CollegeJames L. Narduzzi, Dean, School of

Continuing StudiesKaren L. Newman, Dean, The E. Claiborne

Robins School of BusinessJohn R. Pagan, Dean, The T. C. Williams

School of LawFredric M. Jablin, Acting Dean, Jepson School

of Leadership StudiesPamela W. Spence, Dean of Admission

Law School

John R. Pagan, J.D., D.Phil., DeanW. Clark Williams Jr., J.D., Associate DeanKristine Marzolf, J.D., Associate DeanBeverly D. Boone, Director, Career ServicesTimothy L. Coggins, J.D., M.S.L.S., Director,

Law LibraryMichelle L. Rahman, Director of Law Admissions

Faculty

The year given designates the year of appointment. The year with ( ) is the year of first appointment.

Bacigal, Margaret I., Clinical Professor of Law and Administrative Director of the Clinical PlacementProgram; 1990B.A. (Mary Baldwin College), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Bacigal, Ronald J., Professor of Law; 1971B.S. (Concord College), LL.B. (Washington and Lee University)

Bartges, Kelley H., Clinical Professor of Law and Director of the Youth Advocacy Clinic; 1994B.A. (Converse College), M.Ed. (Clemson University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Berryhill, W. Wade, Professor of Law; 1976B.S. (Arkansas State University), J.D. (University of Arkansas), LL.M. (Columbia University)

Brady, Kathleen, Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A., M.A.R., J.D. (Yale University)

Bryson, W. Hamilton, Blackstone Professor of Law; 1973B.A. (Hampden-Sydney College), LL.B. (Harvard University), LL.M. (University of Virginia), Ph.D.(Cambridge University)

Coggins, Timothy L., Director, Law Library, Associate Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (North Carolina Wesleyan), M.S. (Simmons College),J.D. (North Carolina Central University)

D I R E C T O R Y

E. Claiborne Robins Jr., LL.D.,Richmond, Va.

Charles W. Sweet, Chicago, Il.George W. Wellde Jr., New York, N.Y.

Term Expiring June 30, 2005

Waldo M. Abbot, New York, N.Y.Robert F. Brooks Sr., Richmond, Va.Robert L. Burrus Jr., Richmond, Va.Robert H. Keiter, Richmond, Va.Lawrence C. Marsh, New York, N.Y.Dennis A. Pryor, Richmond, Va.Susan G. Quisenberry, Richmond, Va.Frederick P. Stamp Jr., Wheeling, W.Va.Sarah J. Walton, Washington, D.C.Allison P. Weinstein, Richmond, Va.

Trustees Emeriti

Ed Eskandarian, (2005), Boston, Ma.Floyd D. Gottward Jr., D.C.S., (2003),

Richmond, Va.William B. Graham, D.C.S., (2002),

Irvington, Va.Joseph A. Jennings, D.C.S., (2005),

Richmond, Va.Robert C. King Sr., (2003), Richmond, Va.Thomas C. Leggett, D.C.S., (2005),

Danville, Va.W. Dortch Oldham, LL.D., (2004),

Nashville, Tn.Stanley F. Pauley, D.C.S., (2004),

Richmond, Va.David P. Reynolds, D.C.S., (2003),

Richmond, Va.Gilbert M. Rosenthal, LL.D., (2002),

Richmond, Va.Charles H. Ryland, LL.B., LL.D., (2002),

Warsaw, Va.H. Norman Schwarzkopf, D.L.S., (2005),

Tampa, Fl.Henry F. Stern, (2004), Richmond, Va.C. Porter Vaughan Jr., D.C.S., (2003),

Richmond, Va.E. Carlton Wilton, D.C.S., (2002), Richmond, Va.

Officers

Robert L. Burrus Jr., RectorOtis D. Coston Jr., Vice RectorWilliam E. Cooper, Ph.D., PresidentCarolyn R. Martin, SecretaryHerbert C. Peterson, Assistant Secretary

and Treasurer

Corporate Trustees

(excluding Emeritus Trustees)


Lewis T. Booker, J.D., LL.D, Richmond, Va.Martha A. Carpenter, M.D., D.Sc.,

Charlottesville, Va.James C. Roberts, Richmond, Va.Claire M. Rosenbaum, Ph.D.,

Manakin-Sabot, Va.Richard L. Sharp, D.C.S. , Richmond, Va.Jeremiah J. Sheehan, Richmond,Va.Robert S. Ukrop, Richmond, Va.William G. Wilson, Waynesboro, Va.Marshall B. Wishnack, Richmond, Va.


William C. Bosher Jr., Mechanicsville,Va.Otis D. Coston Jr., McLean, Va.John R. Davis Jr., Richmond.Va.Brian L. Hawkins, Boulder, Co.Robert S. Jepson Jr., Savannah, Ga.Rebecca C. Massey, Richmond, Va.Paul B. Queally, New York, N.Y.Raymond L. Spence Jr., Richmond, Va.Elaine J. Yeatts, Richmond, Va.


Austin Brockenbrough III, Richmond, Va.Dale C. Brown, Cincinnati, Oh.Richard E. Connors, New York, N.Y.Grace E. Harris, Ph.D., D.S.S., Richmond, Va.Judith Owen Hopkins, M.D.,

Winston-Salem, N.C.Virginia Ann Kamsky, New York, N.Y.Robert E. Rigsby, Richmond, Va.

B O A R D O F T R U S T E E S

D I R E C T O R Y

8 9


Douglass, John G., Associate Professor of Law; 1996B.A. (Dartmouth College), J.D. (Harvard University)

Eisen, Joel B., Professor of Law; 1993B.S. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), J.D. (Stanford University)

Frisch, David J., Professor of Law; 2000B.S. (University of Pennsylvania), J.D. (University of Miami), LL.M. (Yale University)

Heen, Mary L., Professor of Law; 1992B.A. (Yale University), M.A.T. (Harvard University), J.D. (University of California at Berkeley),LL.M. (New York University)

al-Hibri, Azizah Y., Professor of Law; 1992B.A. (American University of Beirut), M.A. (Wayne State University),Ph.D., J.D. (University of Pennsylvania)

Hodges, Ann C., Professor of Law; 1988B.S. (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), M.A. (University of Illinois),J.D. (Northwestern University)

Jones, John P., Professor of Law; 1982B.A. (Marquette University), J.D. (University of San Diego), LL.M. (Yale University)

Kelleher, Leslie M., Associate Professor of Law; 1992LL.B. (University of Manitoba), LL.M. (Columbia University)

Lain, Corinna B., Assistant Professor of Law; 2002B.A. (College of William and Mary), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Murphy, Daniel T., Professor of Law and Director, International Studies; 1976B.A., J.D. (Villanova University), LL.M. (Columbia University)

Pagan, John R., Dean, Professor of Law; 1997A.B. (The College of William and Mary), M.Litt. (Oxford University),J.D. (Harvard University), D.Phil. (Oxford University)

Reeves, Emmeline Paulette, Assistant Professor of Academic Support; 2000B.A., J.D. (University of Virginia)

Smolla, Rodney, George E. Allen Professor of Law; 1998B.A. (Yale University), J.D. (Duke University)

Stubbs, Jonathan K., Professor of Law; 1989B.A. (Haverford College), B.A. (Oxford University), J.D. (Yale University),LL.M. (Harvard University)

Swisher, Peter N., Professor of Law; 1974B.A. (Amherst College), M.A. (Stanford University), J.D. (University of California, Hastings Collegeof Law)

Volenik, Adrienne, Associate Clinical Professor of Law and Director, Mental Disabilities LawClinic; 1996B.A. (Marietta College), J.D. (University of Maryland)

Williams, W. Clark Jr., Associate Dean, Professor of Law and Director, Clinical PlacementProgram; 1979B.A. (Brown University), J.D. (Vanderbilt University)

Wolf, Michael A., Professor of Law and History; 1988B.A. (Emory University), J.D. (Georgetown University), A.M., Ph.D. (Harvard University)

Faculty Emeriti

Davis, Carle E., C.P.A., Professor of Law, Emeritus; 1958-1988 B.A. (Concord College), LL.B. (University of Richmond)Johnson, J. Rodney, C.L.U., Professor of Law; 1970

B.A., J.D. (The College of William and Mary), LL.M. (New York University)Leedes, Gary C., Professor of Law; 1973

B.S. (University of Pennsylvania), LL.B. (Temple University),LL.M., S.J.D. (Harvard University)

Moenssens, André A., Professor of Law, Emeritus; 1973-1995 J.D. (Chicago-Kent College of Law), LL.M. (Northwestern University)Shepherd, Robert E. Jr., Professor of Law, Emeritus; 1978

B.A., LL.B. (Washington & Lee University)

Law Librarians

Barden, John R., Reference/Research Services Librarian; 1999B.A. (Augusta College), M.A. (The College of William and Mary), Ph.D. (Duke University), M.S.L.S.(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Birch, Paul M., Computer Services and Reference Librarian; 1989B.A., M.A., J.D. (University of Wisconsin)

Coggins, Timothy L., Director, Law Library, and Associate Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (North Carolina Wesleyan), M.S. (Simmons College),J.D. (North Carolina Central University)

Janto, Joyce Manna, Deputy Director; 1982B.S. (Clarion State College), M.L.S. (University of Pittsburgh), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Wambold, Sally H., Technical Services Librarian; 1980B.A. (Old Dominion University), M.S.L.S. (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Wirrell, James, Circulation/Reference Librarian; 1999B.A. (Simon Fraser University), M.C.S. (Regent College), LL.B. (University of British Columbia),M.S.L.I.S. (University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana)

Zwirner, Gail, Reference/Research Services Librarian; 1998B.A. (Juniata College), M.S.L.S. (The Catholic University of America)

Adjunct Faculty

Aaron, Hugh E., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.S. (Christopher Newport College), M.H.A. (Medical College of Virginia/Virginia CommonwealthUniversity), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Allen, Charles M., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1996B.S. (United States Military Academy), J.D. (Harvard University)

Benjamin, Steven D., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (East Carolina State University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Benos, William J., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1997LL.B. (University of Western Ontario), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Brown, Orran L., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (Hampden-Sydney College), J.D. (Harvard University)

Burtch, Jack W. Jr., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (Wesleyan University), J.D. (Vanderbilt University)

Byrne, Sean, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A., J.D. (University of Richmond)

Cardwell, Claire G., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1992B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Collins, Christopher J., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (George Mason University), J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

Comey, James B., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1994B.S. (The College of William and Mary), J.D. (University of Chicago)

Cooley, Craig S., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A., M.A., J.D. (University of Richmond)

Cosby, James C., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1995B.A. (Virginia Military Institute), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Cushmac, Anne Marie, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Dabney, H. Slayton Jr., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A., J.D. (University of Virginia)

Davis, John Staige IV, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Davidson College), J.D. (Harvard University)

Decker, Marla Graff, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1996B.A. (Gettysburg College), J.D. (University of Richmond)

DesPortes, Betty Layne, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (University of South Carolina), M.S. (Virginia Commonwealth University)J.D. (University of Virginia)

D I R E C T O R Y

1 0 1 1


Dinkin, William J., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 2000B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Flippen, Edward L., Adjunct Professor of Law; 2000B.S. (Virginia Commonwealth University), M.B.A., J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

Freeman-Jones, Kathryn, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.S. (West Virginia University), J.D. (George Mason University)

Gill, Paul, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2001B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Goodman, Michael L., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A., J.D. (University of Virginia)

Goodwin, Lisa S., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1996B.A. (Bucknell University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Grady, Carolyn V., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1992B.A. (Skidmore College), J.D. (Boston College)

Guare, Timothy H., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (Harvard University)

Guzman, Lorie, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2001B.A. (University of Maine), J.D. (Washington and Lee University)

Hassell, Hon. Leroy R., Adjunct Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (Harvard University)

Helfrich, George F., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.S. (Tulane University), J.D. (Louisiana State University)

Hiller, George L., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1995B.A. (University of New Mexico), M.I.M. (American Graduate School of InternationalManagement), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Hodges, Robert L., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1993B.A. (University of North Carolina), J.D. (George Mason University)

Hunkler, Dolores G., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Johns Hopkins University), J.D. (Syracuse University)

Iezzi, John, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Duquesne University), C.P.A. (University of Virginia)

Inge, Vernon E., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A. (University of Richmond), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Ivins, John C. Jr., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Jeffreys, Herndon III, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (University of Richmond), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Kent, Hon. Donald H., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1998B.A., J.D. (University of Richmond)

Lacy, Hon. Elizabeth B., Adjunct Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (Saint Mary’s College), J.D. (University of Texas), LL.M. (University of Virginia)

Langhorne, Thomas N. III, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1995B.A. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), M.P.A. (Drake University),J.D. (University of Richmond)

Lauck, M. Hannah, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997A.B. (The College of William and Mary), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Lemons, Hon. Donald W., A.L. Philpott Distinguished Adjunct Professor; 1999B.A., J.D. (University of Virginia)

Martin, Jack , Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2001B.A. (Dartmouth College), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Matson, Bruce, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A., J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

McCammon, John, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Davidson College), M.P.A. (University of Texas), J.D. (University of Virginia)

McCauley, James, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2002B.A. (James Madison University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

McCauley, Kathleen, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2001B.A. (The College of William and Mary), J.D. (Dickinson School of Law)

Meath, James V., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.A. (Old Dominion University), M.A. (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University),J.D. (University of Richmond)

Mezzullo, Louis A., Adjunct Professor of Law, 1976B.A., M.A. (University of Maryland), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Miller, Stephen, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2001B.A. (Denison University), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Mugel, Christopher J., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (University of Rochester), J.D. (University of Virginia)

O’Donnell, Kimberly B., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1998B.A. (Mary Baldwin College), M.P.S. (Loyola University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Phillips, James, Adjunct Professor of Law; 1999B.A. (Hampden-Sydney College), J.D. (University of Richmond), Ph.D. (University of Colorado)

Robinson, John V., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1999B.A., B.L. (Rhodes University), M.A. (Oxford University)

Rockwell, Hon. Frederick G. III, Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (Randolph-Macon College), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Roday, Lisa, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 2000B.S. (State University of New York at Binghamton), J.D. (Brooklyn Law School)

Rogers, Linwood I., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Rohman, Thomas P., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1989B.B.A. (Notre Dame University), J.D. (Detroit College of Law)

Rubin, Mark, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1996B.A. (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill), J.D. (University of Virginia)

Sherron, Patricia M., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1998B.A. (Westminster College), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Spong, M. Katherine, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1991B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

Taylor, Alexander L. Jr., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1994B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Tucker, John T., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1998B.S. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Tyler, Robert M., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1998B.A., J.D. (University of Virginia)

Walk, John R., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1991B.A. (The College of William and Mary), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Walker, James W., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1995B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Walker, Margaret A., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1997B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Walsh, Michelle, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1998B.A. (University of Virginia), J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

Weymouth, Gail W., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1998B.A. (James Madison University), M.S.L.S. (Catholic University of America),J.D. (University of Richmond)

Williams, Travis R., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1996B.A., J.D. (University of Richmond)

Wilmot, Edwin N., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1995B.A. (Radford University), J.D. (The College of William and Mary)

Windmueller, Esther J., Adjunct Assistant Professor of Law; 1992B.A. (Rutgers University), J.D. (University of Richmond)

Wolf, Thomas M., Adjunct Associate Professor of Law; 1989B.A., J.D. (Vanderbilt University)

D I R E C T O R Y

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U N I V E R S I T Y O F R I C H M O N D T H E L A W S C H O O L


S C H O O L O F L A W

HistoryThe University of Richmond was

founded in 1830 and a decade later waschartered as Richmond College, an institu-tion of liberal arts and sciences. The LawSchool was established within the collegein 1870. In 1890 the family of the late T.C.Williams, who had been a devoted and val-ued trustee, donated $25,000 as the nucleus

of an endowment for the Law School. Inrecognition of this gift, the school wasnamed The T.C. Williams School of Law. Atvarious times the school has received fur-ther generous gifts from members of Mr.Williams’ family. A substantial gift camethrough a bequest from T.C. Williams Jr.who, like his father, was long a trustee

of Richmond College, and for 20 years wasthe chairman of the Executive Committeeof the Board of Trustees. The largest giftwas received in 1952 by bequest fromA.D. Williams, another son of T.C. Williams.

In 1976, George E. Allen Jr., Ashby B.Allen, and Wilbur C. Allen provided the ini-tial endowment for the school’s first chair,the George E. Allen Chair. For a number ofyears, this endowment brought to the LawSchool outstanding scholars, lawyers, andjudges in a variety of fields, as visiting pro-fessors teaching in the annual Allen ChairSeminar. As a result of recent additions tothe endowment by members of the Allenfamily, the Allen Chair became a full-timeposition on the Law School faculty in 1998.Professor Rodney A. Smolla is the first full-time holder of the Allen Chair.

Through a $2 million pledge fromRussell C. Williams, L’84, the law school hasestablished its third chair, the WilliamsChair. Williams, who practiced law in Rich-mond in the 1980s and 1990s, and whoworked in the Virginia attorney general’soffice, is vice president of Hanover ShoeFarms in Hanover, Pennsylvania, whichbreeds horses for harness racing.

The Williams professor will focus onfundamental subjects such as torts, con-tracts and civil procedure. The Williamschairholder will be inaugurated in the fallof 2002.

The University of Richmond School ofLaw is an integral part of the University ofRichmond. The University Senate, onwhich sit representatives of all the faculties,provides for intercollegiate cooperation. Ul-timate authority is vested in the Board ofTrustees and the president of the Univer-sity. The degrees in law are conferred bythe corporation of the University of Rich-mond. While possessing a proud tradition,

the Law School continues to keep pacewith the changing methods of legal educa-tion in order to prepare its graduates for thepractice of law in today’s society.

AccreditationThe Law School is fully accredited by the

recognized standardizing agencies in theUnited States. It is a member of the Asso-ciation of American Law Schools; it is onthe approved lists of the American Bar As-sociation and the Virginia State Board ofBar Examiners; and its Juris Doctor degreeis fully accredited by the Regents of theUniversity of the State of New York. Al-though each state has its own requirementsfor admission to the bar, a law degree fromthe Law School qualifies the holder to seekadmission to the bar of any state in thenation.

The University of Richmond is accred-ited by the Commission on Colleges of theSouthern Association of Colleges andSchools (1866 Southern Lane, Decatur, GA30033-4097; Telephone: (404) 679-4501) toaward the associate, baccalaureate, master,and juris doctorate degrees. The severalcolleges and schools of the Universityaward no degrees individually. All degreesfor work done in any one of the schools areconferred by the University of Richmond.

LocationThe University of Richmond campus

consists of 350 acres located about six mileswest of the center of the city of Richmond,Virginia. The Law School building, of Col-legiate Gothic architecture, was originallyopened in 1954 and enlarged in 1972 and1981. In 1991, the building was significantlyexpanded, renovated, and refurbished. TheLaw School building provides modern andtechnically equipped classrooms, seminar

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rooms, a law library, a courtroom, facultyoffices and study, administrative offices,student lounges, and offices for the Law Re-view, three other Journals and numerousother student organizations.

Richmond, the capital of the Common-wealth of Virginia, is where the VirginiaGeneral Assembly holds its annual sessionsand the Supreme Court of Virginia sits. TheFederal District Court for the Eastern Dis-trict of Virginia and the United States Courtof Appeals for the Fourth Circuit also holdregular terms here. In addition, the StateCorporation Commission, the Workers’Compensation Commission, and many fed-eral administrative agencies hold hearingsin the city. Washington, D.C., where theUnited States Supreme Court sits, is onlyabout a two-hour drive away. Thus, stu-dents find, in addition to the formal lawschool program, unsurpassed opportunitiesfor observation of the legal process at workin various legislative, judicial, and admin-istrative departments of the local, state, andfederal governments.

Statement of PurposeThe University of Richmond is an inde-

pendent, privately-endowed institution ofhigher education that provides a compre-hensive academic program for men andwomen. It offers the intimacy of a smalluniversity and the diverse educational op-portunities that derive from undergraduatedegree programs in the liberal arts and sci-ences, business, and leadership studies, aswell as graduate and professional programsin law, business, and selected areas of thearts and sciences. The University also pro-vides a variety of credit and continuingeducation programs as well as culturalevents to the larger community.

The educational objectives of the Uni-versity are

~ to cultivate in students the interest, ca-pacity, and skills necessary for indepen-dent intellectual inquiry and life-longlearning;

~ to convey to students a representativeportion of that body of knowledge thathas accumulated and endured throughthe history of world cultures;

~ to encourage and aid students in the de-velopment of basic beliefs, values, andattitudes, including those of cooperationand tolerance;

~ to assist students in selecting and prepar-ing for careers and for study in graduateand professional schools;

~ to foster in students personal habits thatcontribute to health and physical fitness.

In order to achieve these objectives, theUniversity is committed to:

~ an educational environment conduciveto the development of the whole person–intellectually, socially, spiritually, physi-cally, and morally;

~ an academic setting that guarantees andencourages freedom of thought, expres-sion, and association;

~ an undergraduate curriculum that re-quires mastery of essential intellectualtools, awareness of the diversity of hu-man cultural experiences, extensiveknowledge of at least one area of study,and opportunities for interdisciplinaryand integrative inquiry;

~ a faculty dedicated to excellent teachingand dialogue with students, an active en-gagement in scholarship, scientific in-quiry, and artistic creativity;

~ a diverse, largely full-time and residentialstudent body that participates in a broadrange of University activities including op-portunities for research, leadership, and thedevelopment of civic responsibility;

~ the essential resources for learning, suchas libraries, laboratories, studios, informa-tion and communications technology,and media resources;

~ opportunities for internships, social commit-ment and public service, and other domesticand international learning experiences;

~ a program of varied social, spiritual, andphysical activities that provide occasionsfor growth, fun, and fellowship;

~ an administration and staff that preserveand enhance the University’s environ-ment and resources, and that representthe institution to the broader communityit serves.

Jeanne Clery Disclosure ofCampus Security Policy andCampus Crime Statistics Act

The security of all members of the cam-pus community is of vital concern to theUniversity of Richmond. Information re-garding crime prevention advice, the lawenforcement authority of the University Po-lice, policies concerning the reporting ofany crimes which may occur on the cam-pus, and crime statistics for the most recentthree-year period may be requested fromthe University of Richmond Police Depart-ment, P.O. Box 296, University of Rich-mond, VA 23173, or accessed on theInternet through http://www.richmond.edu/administration/police/ccra.html. A papercopy of the security report will be providedupon request and may be obtained at theUniversity Police Department.

Method of InstructionThe educational program of the Law

School is designed to equip its graduates torender the highest quality of legal services,while instilling a sense of professional re-sponsibility. Students are trained in theanalysis and solution of legal problems by

the application of logical reasoning. Thecourse of study is not designed to teach le-gal rules, but rather to provide a foundationfor the application and analysis of the lawand the development of professional skills.The traditional case method of instructionis used in many courses. However, clinicaleducation and courses devoted to variousprofessional skills are increasingly promi-nent. The full-time faculty is augmented bya number of adjunct faculty members, law-yers and judges, who offer courses in theirareas of expertise. An excellent faculty of-fers a curriculum that is well balanced intheoretical and practical courses and care-fully selected to prepare the graduate forthe successful practice of law.

StudentsThe Law School is relatively small. Each

year’s entering class consists of about 160students, and the entire student body is ap-proximately 470. This size fosters contactbetween faculty and students and a wel-come air of collegiality among all membersof the law school community. The student-faculty ratio is approximately 16 to 1.

The law students come from a widerange of undergraduate institutions, aca-demic majors, and backgrounds. A sizablenumber of students have been involved inother endeavors between graduating fromcollege and entering law school. Theybring to the student body, the classroom,and ultimately the profession, perspectivesdifferent from those of recent collegegraduates. In recent years, 50 percent of theentering students have been women andabout 20 percent are members of minoritygroups. This diversity enhances the envi-ronment in which the learning experiencetakes place.

The first-year class is divided into twosections of about 80 students each, and thestudents have their first-year substantive

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classes with the same section. The Lawyer-ing Skills course is taught in small sectionsof 16 students. Class sizes in the second andthird year vary according to course selec-tion. Many upper-level classes are quitesmall.

LibraryThe William Taylor Muse Law Library,

named for a former Law School dean, pro-vides students, faculty, attorneys, and otherusers with access to a substantial collectionof Anglo-American and international legalmaterials. The Library holds approximately315,000 bound volumes and microformequivalents and subscribes to over 3,900 le-gal periodicals. Each student has an individualcarrel during his/her three years at the LawSchool, and all carrels are wired for studentsto use their laptop computers for access tothe Law School’s computer network, includ-ing online databases.

The Library houses a computer lab with10 computers, which are connected to theLaw School’s computer network. The Li-brary collection contains all published de-cisions of the federal and appellate-levelstate courts, the federal codes and otherCongressional materials, the codes of all 50states, Virginia and federal rules and regu-lations, and the decisions of selected agen-cies and of principal British and Canadiancourts. The briefs and records of cases de-cided by the Virginia Supreme Court, theU.S. Supreme Court, and the U.S. FourthCircuit Court of Appeals are available in theLaw Library. A growing treatise collection,including interdisciplinary materials, ishoused in the Library. The Law Library’s in-ternational collection is growing quicklyand includes basic documents and researchmaterials. Users can access library materi-als through the Library’s online catalog,

which offers author, title, subject, reservelists, and keyword searching. The onlinecatalog also provides access to the collec-tions at the other University of Richmondlibraries.

The Library’s periodical collection in-cludes all major law reviews and legal re-search journals, bar association journals,institute proceedings, and newsletters, aswell as the necessary indices. The Libraryis a selective depository for U.S. govern-ment documents and maintains extensiveholdings of the Federal Register, the Con-gressional Record, Congressional commit-tee materials, and other government publi-cations. The Library offers access to twocomputer-assisted legal research systems,LEXISNEXIS and WESTLAW. All studentsalso have home access to WESTLAW andLEXISNEXIS. Students can access the LawSchool computer network at home as well.

An important feature of any law libraryis the accessibility of materials and services.The Library is open 106 hours per week.The Library staff is an expert source for stu-dents and faculty pursuing researchprojects and questions. The staff includesseven professional librarians and 10 otherstaff members who assist students andother users in the use of the Law Libraryand its collection. Law librarians teach le-gal research in the Lawyering Skills courseand offer an Advanced Legal Researchcourse for upper-level students. Librariansprovide WESTLAW and LEXISNEXIS train-ing for first-year students during the Law-yering Skills course. Advanced WESTLAWand LEXISNEXIS training throughout thethree years further develops effectivesearching skills of all students.

The Library’s home page (http://law.richmond.edu) provides additional in-formation about the Library and its services.

Law School Computer ProgramThe University of Richmond established

an innovative computer requirement pro-gram in 1994 to provide students with thetechnological expertise necessary to prac-tice law in today’s society. The Law Schoolwas the first law school in the United Statesto require all entering students to own alaptop computer as a condition of enroll-ment. By choosing the University of Rich-mond as the place to study law, studentsare introduced to computers in the way thatthey are being used by lawyers—as a per-sonal, portable tool that is used to gather,organize, produce, and store the kind of in-formation that is the lifeblood of the mod-ern legal practitioner.

Students entering law school at the Uni-versity of Richmond have two computeroptions. The first option is to take advan-tage of a University arrangement to pur-chase the computer through a Richmond-based computer vendor. Under this optionstudents take delivery of a computer pack-age, fully configured for immediate com-puting and network use, during the LawSchool’s orientation session. The secondoption is to provide an already-ownedcomputer, printer, and software that fullycomplies with the technical specificationsand requirements of the first option com-puters. Students who indicate plans to en-ter the University of Richmond Law Schoolreceive details regarding these two optionsduring the Fall and Spring semesters priorto enrollment.

Students use laptop computers at theUniversity of Richmond in the classroomand in the Library. All classrooms in theLaw School are wired to allow a student totake his or her computer to class for notetaking and classroom participation. All car-rels in the Library are wired to provide ac-cess to the Law School computer network.

The Law School has a wireless network inits Moot Court Room. Students use laptopcomputers for WESTLAW and LEXISNEXISaccess, electronic mail, noticeboard discus-sions with professors and fellow class-mates, searching the Internet, as well asmany other uses. Students also can accessthe Law School network from home.

The Library staff provides extensivetraining about connectivity and other com-puter issues during first-year orientation.Computer training professionals offer be-ginning and review sessions about wordprocessing, electronic mail, Internet search-ing, and other topics throughout the yearfor students and faculty.

Career ServicesThe Career Services Office of the Law

School assists all students seeking perma-nent, summer, or part-time employment.Staffed by three professionals, the officeprovides a wide range of services, includ-ing general employment information andcareer counseling. It also schedules on-campus interviews for recruiters from pri-vate firms; federal, state, and local govern-ments; judicial clerkships; corporations; ac-counting firms; public interest organiza-tions; and the military. Since not all employ-ers are able to interview students on cam-pus, the Career Services Office aids stu-dents in applying for these positions by for-warding their resumes to employers.

Private practice attracts approximately60 percent of the students in each graduat-ing class. Those not entering private prac-tice are employed in judicial clerkships,corporations, federal, state, and local gov-ernments (including prosecutorial posi-tions), public interest organizations, and themilitary.

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Programs

Clinical Programs

The Law School provides a comprehen-sive, integrated clinical education program,combining simulation, clinical placements,and Law School-operated (“in-house”) liveclient representation clinics.

Simulation-Based Courses: All studentsare required to take the two-year Lawyer-ing Skills course. The Lawyering Skills re-quirement is unique in several respects.Traditionally law schools require a first-yearcourse on legal research, writing, andanalysis. The traditional course’s focus ison the skills of writing, research, and ap-pellate advocacy. While these are impor-tant skills, they by no means represent theonly, or even the most often used, lawyer-ing skills. By expanding to a two-year Law-yering Skills course, the Law School is ableto teach a wider range of lawyering skillsincluding interviewing, counseling, nego-tiation, pretrial motion practice, pretrial dis-covery (e.g., deposition skills), trial prac-tice, and appellate practice. Moreover, thiscourse strengthens students’ research andwriting abilities, since each of the additionalskill areas has a writing component.

In addition to Lawyering Skills, the LawSchool offers a rich variety of upper-levelelective simulation-based courses, includ-ing advanced courses in interviewing andcounseling, negotiation, and trial practice.Other specialized simulation-based clinicalcourses include Alternate Dispute Resolu-tion, Labor Arbitration, Environmental Dis-pute Resolution, and Contract Drafting.Letter grades are awarded for work in thesimulation-based clinical courses.

In-house Clinics: The law school housesthe Children’s Law Center of the Universityof Richmond (CLC-UR) which operates twoentry-level clinics and one advanced clinicin which the students, under the supervi-sion of Law School faculty members, rep-resent real clients. The center has its ownfacilities within the Law School that include

videotape capability, student carrels, an in-terview room, and a class/conferenceroom.

The Disability Law Clinic representsyouth with mental disabilities. Law stu-dents represent children and parents seek-ing appropriate special education and com-munity-based services mandated by bothfederal and state law. Students also repre-sent youth with mental disabilities who areincarcerated or institutionalized. They mayalso act as guardians-ad-litem for childrenwith mental health needs in the justicesystem.

In the Delinquency Clinic, students ad-vocate on behalf of children appearing be-fore area juvenile courts. In the majority ofcases, students serve as defense counsel foryouth accused of delinquency (criminal)offenses. Students are also occasionally as-signed to work on other cases which in-volve children’s issues such as abuse andneglect or custody.

With faculty permission, students whohave completed either the DelinquencyClinic or the Disability Law Clinic, mayenroll in the Advanced Children’s LawClinic for between two and six credits.Advanced students take leadership rolesin clinic cases and complete a significantproject over the course of the semester.

The CLC-UR clinics enrich the aca-demic life of participants by allowingthem to represent clients from initial cli-ent interview through resolution of theclient’s problem, whether that involvesdrafting a document, settling a dispute, orlitigating a law suit. As part of the LawSchool’s integrated skills program, theCLC-UR clinics build upon and reinforcework done in the simulation-based coursesas well as in traditional coursework. In ad-dition to advanced skills training, theclinical setting provides students with anopportunity to apply these skills in real-life situations. The CLC-UR clinics alsoallow law students to question some ofthe assumptions and deficiencies in the

practice of law generally, as well as in thespecific context of children’s law. Finally,the CLC-UR clinics focus on issues of pro-fessionalism and professional responsibil-ity in preparing students to become mem-bers of the bar.

Students enroll in either the DisabilityLaw Clinic or Delinquency Clinic for sixcredit hours. Credit hours earned in theseclinics are not included within the hours ofnon-law work which can be counted to-ward meeting the 86 hours required forgraduation. Credit-hours are, however, in-cluded in the 12 clinical hours that can beapplied toward graduation. Letter gradesare awarded for work in the CLC-UR clin-ics. Preference for enrollment is given tothird-year students.

Clinical Placement Program: The Clini-cal Placement Program (CPP) affords stu-dents the opportunity to integrate legaltheory with practice. Selected students areassigned to a law office or judge’s cham-bers, which becomes the classroom. Here,students experience the practice of law,combining substantive and proceduralknowledge with skills development. Thework students do will be as varied as theplacements. Some will serve as student lawclerks while others will represent clientsand handle “real” cases. During the semes-ter, students grapple with issues of role as-sumption and personal and professionalresponsibility. They also learn firsthandabout the legal system and the social, eco-nomic, and political forces which impact it.Issues involving access to justice, bias, andother societal concerns challenge studentthinking. Throughout the semester, stu-dents are encouraged to take charge oftheir own learning experiences and toutilize critical thinking skills in evaluatingperformance.

The CPP is divided into four sections:civil, criminal, judicial, and litigation. Stu-dents work under the supervision of expe-rienced judges and lawyers as well as theCPP Director and faculty. The civil section

offers placements with government andpublic interest agencies. The criminal sec-tion is composed of defense andprosecutorial placements. The judicial sec-tion includes placements with state andfederal judges. Opportunities are availableat both the trial and appellate levels. Thelitigation section includes trial-relatedplacements in all three areas. Third-yearpractice certification is required for allcriminal placements and selected civilplacements. Some judicial placements re-quire completion of a course in evidence.

Successful completion of the CPP re-quires meeting the requirements of theplacement, including four hours of fieldwork for each hour of credit; active partici-pation in a weekly seminar; weekly journalentries reflecting on the clinical experience;bi-weekly meetings between the studentand clinical professor; and time sheets. Stu-dents can enroll in the Program for four,five, or six credits. Grades in the ClinicalPlacement Program are awarded on a pass/fail basis. The credit hours earned are notincluded in the six hours of non-law workwhich can be counted toward meeting the86 hours required for graduation. How-ever, no more than a total of 12 credit hoursin the Clinical Placement Program and thein-house Clinics (see above) may be ap-plied toward the J.D. degree requirements.(See page 31.)

The programs are more completelydescribed in the Clinical Placement Pro-gram Student Manual which is on reservein the Law Library. It may also be accessedat <http://law.richmond.edu/clinic>.

Moot Court

The Law School provides an extensivemoot court program through which stu-dents develop their research, brief-writing,and appellate advocacy skills. Students par-ticipate in the voluntary Carrico Competi-tion and Barnett Competition, throughwhich teams of students are selected to rep-resent the school in the National Moot

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Court Competition and other interschoolcompetitions. Students also may participatein various specialized competitions such aslabor, patent, and international law. Themoot court program is administered by theMoot Court Board, which is composed ofsecond- and third-year students selected onthe basis of their performance in the vari-ous competitions.

Trial Advocacy Board

The Trial Advocacy Board was estab-lished in 1999 to provide students with anopportunity to gain additional trial experi-ence. A yearly competition is held.

Client Counseling and Negotiation

In addition to possessing advocacyskills, an attorney ought to be able to coun-sel clients successfully and to negotiate ontheir behalf. The Law School’s curriculumoffers courses designed to develop both ofthese skills. To complement these courses,the Client Counseling Board administersvoluntary intramural and interschool clientcounseling and negotiation competitionsthrough which the students are able topractice these essential skills. Among theseis the Law School’s own invitational,interschool competition, the Robert R.Merhige Jr. National Environmental Nego-tiation Competition.

Cooperative Program with MCV/VCUDepartment of Health Administration

A cooperative program offered by theLaw School and the Department of HealthAdministration at Medical College of Vir-ginia, Virginia Commonwealth University(MCV/VCU) enables law students to takeselected graduate courses offered by theDepartment of Health Administration. Byso doing, law students can enhance theirknowledge of the health care industry. Alist of approved courses is maintained bythe Dean’s Office and should be consultedbefore registering at MCV/VCU. These

courses are graded at MCV/VCU, but creditfor them is accepted at the Law School ona pass/fail basis. The hours are subject tothe discretion of the Associate Dean (Aca-demic Affairs).

Dual Degree – Law/Health Adminis-tration: The delivery of health care ser-vices poses some of the most critical social,economic, and moral issues of our time.Lawyers representing individuals or healthcare providers confront myriad regulatorysystems and issues fairly unique to thisarea. Health care policy makers and ad-ministrators are likewise concerned withthe effective operation of entities withinthese regulatory confines and with the util-ity of these systems.

The dual degree program leads to theaward of the Juris Doctor and Master ofHealth Administration degrees. The pro-gram integrates these two professional cur-ricula. Participants are thus provided withthe necessary expertise either to representclients effectively within the health care in-dustry or to function as policy makers oradministrators who appreciate fully the le-gal environment within which they oper-ate. Applicants for this program are re-quired to meet the admission standards ofboth the Law School and the Departmentof Health Administration.

For information regarding admission tothe Department of Health Administration,contact:

M.H.A. Program DirectorDepartment of Health AdministrationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityMCV Campus, P.O. Box 203Richmond, VA 23298

When this four-year program is success-fully completed, the Master of Health Ad-ministration degree is awarded by VirginiaCommonwealth University, and the J.D. bythe University of Richmond.

Cooperative Program with theMCV/VCU School of Social Work

The cooperative program offered by theLaw School and the School of Social Workof Virginia Commonwealth University(VCU) is designed to prepare students forprofessional practice in areas that can ben-efit from the knowledge and skills drawnfrom both fields. Recent legislation, ex-panding public concerns and continual al-terations and extensions of the concept ofthe public welfare, have given social work-ers’ efforts in social planning and programsfor social change a new importance andpriority. Knowledge of the law gives focusto their efforts. At the same time, lawyersseeking better ways to deal with human as-pects of legal disputes and minimize socialcosts are turning to the social worker forguidance and assistance. These conditionshave made interdisciplinary cooperationbetween lawyers and social workers nor-mal procedure in many instances, and thetwo professions are giving increased atten-tion to the interests they share.

The cooperative program allows lawstudents to register for courses offered bythe School of Social Work at VCU which areapproved by the Law School faculty. A listof these courses is maintained by theDean’s Office and should be consulted be-fore registering at VCU. These courses aregraded at VCU, but credit for them is ac-cepted at the Law School on a pass/fail ba-sis. The hours are subject to the discretionof the Associate Dean (Academic Affairs).

Dual Degree – Law/Social Work: Thedual degree program is designed to provideits graduates with two degrees—Juris Doc-tor and Master of Social Work—attesting tocompetency in both law and social work.It is expected that this program will bringtogether persons sensitive to both the legaland human elements in social and personaldysfunctions. This program also is designedto bring together two fields that call for cer-tain similar as well as different kinds ofknowledge and skills directed toward re-

solving human problems. This effort to in-tegrate education in law and social workwill draw on the contributions each canmake to practice in both fields.

A student who is accepted into the dualdegree program will be permitted to countone semester’s work in the Law School to-ward meeting the graduation requirementsin the School of Social Work at VCU, andone semester’s work in the VCU School ofSocial Work toward meeting the graduationrequirements of the Law School. This willenable participants in the dual degree pro-gram to complete the requirements for theJ.D. and the M.S.W. in four years. Appli-cants for this program are required to meetadmission standards of both the LawSchool and the VCU School of Social Work.For information on admission to the Schoolof Social Work, contact:

Director of AdmissionsSchool of Social WorkVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA 23284

When this four-year program is success-fully completed, the Master of Social Workis awarded by Virginia CommonwealthUniversity, and the J.D. by the University ofRichmond.

Cooperative Program withthe VCU Department of UrbanStudies and Planning

A cooperative program offered by theLaw School and the Department of UrbanStudies and Planning at Virginia Common-wealth University (VCU) offers law studentsthe opportunity to take selected graduatecourses offered by the Department of Ur-ban Studies and Planning in order to en-hance their understanding of that disciplineand its interaction with the law. A list of ap-proved courses is maintained by the Dean’sOffice and should be consulted before reg-istering at VCU. These courses are gradedat VCU, but credit for them is accepted at

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the Law School on a pass/fail basis. Thehours are subject to the discretion of theAssociate Dean (Academic Affairs).

Dual Degree – Law/Urban Studies andPlanning: The professions of planning andlaw address the concerns of social and eco-nomic equity through the institutions whichhelp shape the direction of urban change.While lawyers often are concerned with theimpact of legislation and judicial decisionson groups and individuals, planners con-centrate on social, economic, and politicalimpacts of land use with the aid of legalstrategies to guide community growth anddevelopment.

The Master of Urban and Regional Plan-ning and Juris Doctor dual degree programintegrates these two professional curriculato provide the necessary expertise to applylegal and planning analysis to the resolu-tion of urban and regional policy issues andproblems. Some areas of cooperation in-clude the development and enforcement ofland use and growth management controls,environmental protection strategies, hous-ing and community development, and nu-merous health and welfare programs. Thedual degree is a four-year program of studydesigned to equip graduates for a varietyof professional positions including staff orlegislative committees, government agen-cies and commissions, private consulting,neighborhood advocacy, directorships ofplanning and related agencies, and execu-tive or legal aids to elected officials. Appli-cants for this program are required to meetthe admission standards of both the LawSchool and the Department of Urban Stud-ies and Planning at VCU. For informationon admission to the Department of UrbanStudies and Planning, contact:

Chair, Department of Urban Studiesand Planning

Virginia Commonwealth University812 West Franklin StreetRichmond, VA 23284

When the four-year program is success-fully completed, the Master of Urban Stud-ies and Regional Planning degree isawarded by Virginia Commonwealth Uni-versity, and the J.D. by the University ofRichmond.

Cooperative Program with the VCUDepartment of PublicAdminsitration

The cooperative program offered by theLaw School and the Department of PublicAdministration of Virginia CommonwealthUniversity (VCU) offers law students theopportunity to take selected graduatecourses offered by the Department of Pub-lic Administration, in order to enhance theirunderstanding of that discipline and its in-teraction with the law. The program rec-ognizes the role of law in public policy andpublic affairs. A list of approved courseswill be maintained by the Dean’s Officeand should be consulted before registeringat VCU. These courses are graded at VCU,but credit for them is accepted at the LawSchool on a pass/fail basis. The hours aresubject to the discretion of the AssociateDean (Academic Affairs).

Dual Degree - Law/Public Administra-tion: The dual degree program is designedto provide its graduates with two degrees–Juris Doctor and Master of Public Adminis-tration–attesting to competency in both lawand public administration. The programrecognizes the role of law in public policyand public affairs, and prepares profes-sionals versed in the values, knowledge,and skills of both fields, to bring an inte-grated base of competency to the work ofgovernment.

A student who is accepted into the dualdegree program will be permitted to countone semester’s work in the Law School to-ward meeting the master’s degree require-ments in the Department of Public Admin-istration at VCU, and one semester’s workin the VCU Department of Public Adminis-tration will be counted toward meeting thegraduation requirements of the Law School.

This will enable participants in the dual de-gree program to complete the requirementsfor the J. D. and the M.P.A. degrees in fouryears. Applicants for this program are re-quired to meet admission standards of boththe Law School and the VCU Departmentof Public Administration. For informationon admission to the Department of PublicAdministration, contact:

Director, Department of PublicAdministration

Virginia Commonwealth UniversitySuite 301, 923 W. Franklin St.Richmond, VA 23284-2028

When this four-year program is success-fully completed, the Master of Public Ad-ministration degree is awarded by VirginiaCommonwealth University, and the J.D. bythe University of Richmond.

Cooperative Program with theUniversity of Richmond Schoolof Business

A cooperative program with The Rich-ard S. Reynolds Graduate School of The E.Claiborne Robins School of Business en-ables students to enroll in selected coursesoffered in that school, on a space-availablebasis. Admission to these courses requiresthe approval of the graduate program di-rector. Students are thereby able to broadentheir backgrounds in areas of business andfinance. A list of approved courses is main-tained by the Dean’s Office and should beconsulted before registration. Credit forthese courses will be included in the maxi-mum number of semester hours which maybe taken each semester without payment ofadditional tuition.

These courses are graded at the BusinessSchool, but credit for them is accepted atthe Law School on a pass/fail basis. Thehours are subject to the discretion of the As-sociate Dean (Academic Affairs).

Dual Degree – Law/Business Adminis-tration: The University offers a dual de-

gree program designed to provide itsgraduates with two degrees—Juris Doctorand Master of Business Administration. Thisprogram reflects the interrelationships be-tween law and business management. Itsgraduates will be better able to function asmanagers because of their familiarity withthe legal framework within which businessmust operate. Alternatively, as attorneys,they can better serve the needs of businessclients because of their appreciation of thebusiness milieu.

Students accepted into this program willbe permitted to count 12 semester hours ofwork in the Law School toward satisfactionof the degree requirements of the M.B.A.program, and 12 semester hours of work inthe M.B.A. program toward satisfaction ofthe degree requirements of the Law School.Accordingly, successful participants will beable to complete the requirements for bothdegrees in four years. Applicants for thisprogram must meet the admission stan-dards of the Law School and the GraduateBusiness School. For information on theM.B.A. program, contact:

Director, M.B.A. ProgramThe Richard S. Reynolds Graduate SchoolThe E. Claiborne Robins School of BusinessUniversity of Richmond, VA 23173

Individual Dual Degree Programs

In addition to the dual degree programsdescribed here, individually tailored pro-grams can be created to meet special needsand interests of particular students. For ex-ample, in the past programs have been ap-proved in biology and in history. Interestedstudents should contact the Law SchoolDean’s Office.

Advising for Dual Degree Programs

Upon admission to dual degree pro-grams, every student will be assigned anadvisor in both schools to help plan

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courses of study that will include all re-quirements, plus elective courses that willbest serve individual student interests.

Graduate Courses

Law students are permitted to register forselected courses offered by the Universityof Richmond Graduate School that areidentified on the Law School’s list ofcourses approved for transfer credit to theLaw School. In addition, students may seekapproval from the Associate Dean for Aca-demic Affairs for the transfer of credit forgraduate coursework completed, while en-rolled in Law School, that is shown to pro-vide comparable opportunities to enhancethe law school educational program of thespecific student. Approval must be soughtprior to enrollment in the particular course.These hours are likewise subject to the dis-cretion of the Associate Dean (AcademicAffairs).

These courses are graded at the Gradu-ate School, but credit for them is acceptedat the Law School on a pass/fail basis.

Summer Session

The summer session consists of an eight-week term and a three-week short term oncampus at the University of Richmond, anda five-week term at Emmanuel College,Cambridge University, England. The courseof instruction in the summer session abroadis offered jointly by the University of Rich-mond law faculty as well as CambridgeUniversity law faculty.

Attendance at two eight-week summersessions, during which at least 10 semesterhours are completed successfully, counts asone full residence semester and enables astudent to complete the degree require-ments at the end of the fall term of the thirdyear. Attendance at the three-week term

alone results in the accrual of hours only,and not of residence credit. Attendance atboth the three-week term and the Cam-bridge program is the equivalent of oneeight-week session.

Information relating to these courses, tu-ition, and other details may be obtainedupon request from:

Dean’s OfficeUniversity of Richmond School of LawUniversity of Richmond, VA 23173

Special Programs

Robert R. Merhige Jr. Center forEnvironmental Studies

This Center, established in 1985, honorsone of the Law School’s prominent alumni,United States District Judge Robert R.Merhige Jr. The Center sponsors research,lectures, discussions regarding major envi-ronmental law issues, and a national envi-ronmental negotiations competition.

Academic Success Program

The Law School established an Aca-demic Success Program in 2000 to assist ourstudents in reaching their academic poten-tial during law school and to ensure thatour graduates are fully prepared to meetthe challenge of the bar examination. TheAcademic Success Program offers an Aca-demic Skills Class, which focuses on im-proving students’ study skills and exam-taking skills, for first-year students. TheProgram also provides individual academiccounseling for students throughout theirlaw school careers. Finally, the AcademicSuccess Program assists students andgraduates with preparation for the barexam. A full-time member of the law fac-ulty directs the Program.

A D M I S S I O N

A D M I S S I O N

Pre-Law EducationWhile no particular subjects are prereq-

uisite for admission to the University ofRichmond School of Law, prospective stu-dents are urged to pursue a course of studycovering various phases of human experi-ence. The law student must be able to drawfrom a broad base of knowledge. The fol-lowing are recommended as desirablepre-law concentrations: English, history,political science, philosophy, sociology,psychology, economics, accounting, andmathematics.

Admission Process

The Law School generally accepts appli-cations only for full-time study. However,on a very selective basis, students may beallowed to study part time. While themajority of entering students begin theirstudies in the fall, a small number of first-year students matriculate in the precedingsummer term.

Based upon past experience, the LawSchool expects to consider numerous ap-plicants for every position available in the

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entering class. A substantial majority ofthese applicants will clearly demonstratethe ability to complete our Law School pro-gram and would qualify for admission byany absolute standard. However, becauseof the relatively few positions available, theselection process involves a comparison ofqualifications. Admission is based on theLaw School Admission Committee’s evalu-ation of the individual’s relative promise ofsuccess in the study of law at this school,and its assessment of the applicant’s fitnessto become a member of the legal profession.

The two most important considerationsin making this evaluation are undergradu-ate academic work and the Law School Ad-mission Test score (LSAT). The committeealso considers an applicant’s leadershippotential, extracurricular activities, recom-mendations, employment experience, ma-turity, motivation and character.

Application

Applicants for admission as Juris Doctor(J.D.) candidates must complete the appli-cation form and must be at least 18 yearsof age by the date of matriculation. In ad-dition, they must have an official transcriptsent directly from the registrar of an ap-proved college or university showing thedate of graduation.

Application materials can be obtainedon request from the Admissions Office orby accessing the Law School’s Web site at:www.law.richmond.edu. These materials

contain an explanation of the admissionprocess and instructions for completion ofthe application materials. The address is:

The Admissions OfficeUniversity of Richmond School of LawUniversity of Richmond, VA 23173(804) 289-8189

Summer Entry Program

Under this program, law school is begunin the summer preceding the usual fall en-try. Normally scheduled coursework in thefollowing five semesters plus another eight-week summer session allows the comple-tion of degree requirements in Decemberof the third year. The bar examination maythen be taken the following February. Ap-plicants who wish to be considered for thisprogram should state their interest on theadmission application.

Advanced Standing

The Law School generally admits withadvanced standing several transfer studentsfrom other law schools. Such students musthave completed the first year of law schoolwith a strong record at a school on the ap-proved list of the American Bar Association.No advanced standing credit will be givenfor work completed in another law schoolunless it was completed with at least thegrade of C, or its equivalent, and is com-patible with the curriculum of this LawSchool.

A C A D E M I C R E G U L A T I O N S


Grading System and Reports

The following grades with grade pointvalues are in effect in the University:

A+ † B+ 3.3 C+ 2.3 D+ 1.3

A 4.0 B 3.0 C 2.0 D 1.0

A- 3.7 B- 2.7 C- 1.7 D- †

F 0.0 I 0.0 M 0.0 V 0.0

† Not used in the University of Richmond School of Law.

Other grades which may be given are P,which shows credit has been earned in apass/fail course; S and U indicate satisfactoryor unsatisfactory performance in a pass/no-credit course; and W, which indicates thatthe student withdrew from a course withoutacademic penalty. Marks indicating failure,and counted as such in the grade point av-erage, are F, M (withdrew from a course witha failing average) and V (failure because ofexcessive absences). The X indicates thatthe grade has not been received from theinstructor.

Z shows that the course was audited. Astudent auditing a course is expected tomeet all requirements for the course, exceptthe final examination or papers. No grade orhour credit is earned for audited courses.

I and Y grades mean that coursework hasnot been completed by the end of the term.The I grade provisionally counts as a failinggrade. It is given when the reasons for theincomplete involve student culpability, butthe instructor and associate dean determinethat an F is not warranted. The work is to bemade up by the student’s graduation date orat such earlier time as specified by the in-structor and Associate Dean. If the work isnot made up during this grace period, the Iwill be converted to an F. The Y grade,which does not count as a failing grade, isgiven when the instructor and AssociateDean determine that the reasons for the in-complete do not warrant an I grade. In anycase, it is the student’s responsibility to com-

plete the coursework for a course in whichan I or Y has been assigned.

Performance in the Clinical PlacementProgram is evaluated on a pass/fail basis.Performance in the In-house Clinics (MentalDisabilities Law Clinic and the Youth Advo-cacy Clinic) is evaluated using the letter-grade scale above.

Grades for courses taken under the vari-ous cooperative programs are recorded bythe Law School as a pass if, based on theabove grading scale, a grade of C (2.0) orbetter is earned; otherwise they will be re-corded as a failure.

The grade point average is determined bydividing the total number of grade pointsearned by the total number of academichours attempted in Law School courses thathave grades to which grade point values areassigned. Each of these totals is accumulatedterm by term. The grade point average is rep-resented to two significant decimal figures.

If a failed course is repeated, the gradeearned in the repeat and the failure are bothincluded in the grade point average. Whenthe final grade for a course in which an I wasgiven is recorded, the occurrence will beshown on the permanent record, and thegrade point average will be recomputed toremove the effect of the I and to include thefinal grade. For purposes of computinggrade point averages, the credit hoursearned for work recorded on a pass/fail ba-sis are not included in the hours attempted,if a pass is received. The credit hours for anysuch work recorded as a failure are includedin the hours attempted. Consequently thecredit hours for work recorded as a passhave no effect on the grade point average,but a failure in such work would adverselyaffect the grade point average.

Note: A cumulative grade point average ofat least 2.20 is required for graduation.

Students admitted with advanced stand-ing must consult the Associate Dean to de-


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termine the manner by which their cumula-tive grade point average will be calculatedfor class standing purposes.

Students may review their status andprogress with the Associate Dean or in theOffice of the University Registrar. Grades areavailable after the close of each term viaBannerWeb.

Registration

Students shall register according to the in-structions which are provided for each term.A student will not be permitted to attendclass until his or her name has been enteredon the official roster of that class by the Uni-versity Registrar and arrangements satisfac-tory to the University have been made forthat term’s fees.

A student may register late, add courses,or opt for audit status in a course through thetenth class day of the semester provided thatthe specified approvals are obtained andfees, if any, are paid.

A student may withdraw from courseswithout academic record through the fif-teenth class day of the semester. Withdraw-als after this time will be shown on the aca-demic record, and the student must presentan adequate reason, receive the approval ofthe Associate Dean, and follow any specifiedadministrative procedures including the pay-ment of fees, if any.

Second- or third-year students may notregister for more than 18 semester hours inany semester without special permission ofthe Associate Dean.

Class Attendance

Each student is expected to attend allmeetings of all classes, including lectures,seminars, laboratories and drills, in which heor she is enrolled. The specific attendancepolicy in each course, however, is deter-mined by the instructor of the course, sub-ject to the section on University Holidaysbelow. The specific attendance policy foreach course will be announced to the stu-dents and distributed on the course syllabusat the beginning of the course.

Faculty members will honor an officialnotification from the appropriate dean thata student is to be excused for participationin a University-sponsored event, such aschoral performances off campus, intercolle-giate athletic events, or judicial hearings atwhich the student must be present.

A student generally will be held respon-sible for all work of a class or laboratorymissed during an absence. Acceptance ofany excuse for an absence, other than thoseexcused by the appropriate dean in the pre-vious paragraph, and any provision formake-up, will be at the discretion of the in-structor, provided it is consistent with the an-nounced policy for the course and with theUniversity Holiday Schedule below. Missedclasses, work, tests and/or excessive ab-sences with or without good cause may re-sult in a poorer grade, or failure, in a course.(NOTE: Students enrolled in Business Schoolor School of Continuing Studies coursesmust attend at least 75% of the class meet-ings regardless of the reasons for absence tobe eligible to receive credit for the course.)

Generally, absences that may be excusedby faculty members include accident or ill-ness, death or serious illness of a familymember, bona fide religious holiday obser-vance, or participation in other University ac-tivities such as field trips. Students shouldmake arrangements with their instructors asfar in advance as possible for the make upof any missed work. Students experiencingdifficulty in making reasonable arrange-ments for make-up work may see their dean.

University Holidays

With the increasing diversity of the Uni-versity community and the limited flexibilityin setting the academic calendar, it is notpossible to avoid some religious and secu-lar holidays that are very important to somemembers of our faculty, staff, and studentbody. However, the University is very sensi-tive to the special needs of those who needto observe such holidays and will make ac-commodations for them to make up the timemissed if arrangements are made in advance.

The University is officially closed on NewYear’s Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christ-mas. In addition, some schools are closed forclasses on Memorial Day, July 4, and LaborDay while others hold classes on those days.(See the appropriate academic calendar forspecifics.)

Other holidays affecting University com-munity members include Martin Luther KingDay, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, the firsttwo days of Passover, Good Friday, and Eas-ter Sunday. In consideration of their signifi-cance for our students, students who ob-serve these holidays will be given an oppor-tunity to make up missed work in both labo-ratories and lecture courses. If a test or ex-amination is given on the first class day afterone of these holidays, it must not cover ma-terial introduced in class on that holiday.Faculty and staff should be aware that Jew-ish and Islamic holidays begin at sunset onthe evening before the published date of theholiday.

The University recognizes that there areother holidays, both religious and secular,which are of importance to some individu-als and groups on campus. Such occasionsinclude, but are not limited to, Sukkoth, thelast two days of Passover, Shavuot, SheminiAtzerat, and Simchat Torah, as well as the Is-lamic New Year, Ra’s al-sana, and the Islamicholidays Eid-al-Fitr and Eid-al-Adha.

Students who wish to observe anysuch holidays must inform their in-structors within the first two weeks ofeach semester of their intent to observethe holiday, even when the exact date ofthe holiday will not be known untillater, so that alternative arrangementsconvenient to both the student and in-structor can be made at the earliest op-portunity. Students who make such ar-rangements will not be required to at-tend classes or take examinations onthe designated days, and faculty mustprovide reasonable opportunities forsuch students to make up missed workand examinations. To facilitate this, fac-ulty will announce and distribute all an-ticipated test and examination dates on

the course syllabus, distributed at thebeginning of each semester. Studentsshould be aware that faculty may needto adjust these dates as necessary.

Auditing Courses

With the approval of the student’s aca-demic advisor, dean, and the instructor ofthe course, a student may register for acourse on an audit basis. The regular rate oftuition is charged, and the audit course iscounted as a part of the student’s semesterload. A permission form must be obtainedfrom and returned with appropriate signa-tures to the Office of the University Registrarby the end of the tenth day of classes. Oncethe form is submitted to the University Reg-istrar, the decision may not be reversed. Anaudited course cannot subsequently betaken for credit unless approved by the ap-propriate dean.

Scholarship

At the end of the second semester (oneyear) of law study:

~ A student who fails to attain a cumulativegrade point average of at least 1.85 shallbe required to withdraw from the LawSchool.

~ A student whose cumulative grade pointaverage is at least 1.85 but less than 2.00shall be required to withdraw from theLaw School for one year.

At the end of the fourth and each subse-quent semester of law study:

~ A student who fails to attain a cumultivegrade point average of at least 2.10 shallbe required to withdraw from the LawSchool.

Conditions

Any student who has failed to attain therequisite cumulative grade point average willbe required to withdraw immediately fromthe Law School, even though he or she hasenrolled in the next semester’s courses (in-cluding summer session courses).

Grades earned in courses taken duringsummer session are not included in calcu-


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lating the necessary grade point average forthe year or semester immediately precedingthe summer session.

The point at which a part-time studentmust attain the requisite grade point averageshall be the time at which he or she has com-pleted the substantial equivalent of the sec-ond semester of study and the substantialequivalent of the fourth and succeeding se-mesters of study. Such students will be noti-fied in advance by the Associate Dean of thetimes at which the stated cumulative gradepoint averages must be met.

A student who has been required to with-draw under the 1.85 or 2.00 criteria statedabove will not be readmitted to the LawSchool with advanced standing. In the rareevent of readmission, it is as an entering first-year student with no credit for prior work.Nevertheless, the prior work will continue tobe shown on the permanent academicrecord, but the grade point average will in-clude only the coursework attempted afterreadmission.

Note: A failed first-year course must be re-taken in the semester in which the course isnext offered.

Examinations

Unless announced otherwise by the in-structor, the length of an examination will beone hour for each semester hour of creditcarried by the course. A student who findsthat he or she will be unavoidably preventedfrom taking an examination at the timescheduled may receive permission to takethe examination at a later date, if such fact iscommunicated to the Dean or AssociateDean (Academic Affairs) before the time atwhich the examination is scheduled. Unlessexcused by the Dean or Associate Dean(Academic Affairs), a student who fails totake an examination in a course for whichhe or she has registered will receive a gradeof F in that course.

Honor System

All students, upon matriculation, becomemembers of the Student Bar Association and

agree to abide by and support the LawSchool Honor System. The Honor System isadministered by the students through aGrievance Committee and an Honor Courtin accordance with procedures set forth inthe Honor Court Constitution. The Canonsof Student Ethics provide that lying, cheat-ing, or stealing under any circumstance re-lating to one’s status as a law student are of-fenses against the Honor System. Anindividual’s status as a member of the Stu-dent Bar Association is conditioned upon hisor her adherence to the Honor System. Theresulting atmosphere of personal integrityand trust is highly appropriate to a schoolpreparing individuals for the honorable pro-fession of law.

Standards of Conduct

The University of Richmond considerscultivation of self-discipline and resolution ofissues through processes of reason to be ofprimary importance in the educational pro-cess and essential to the development of re-sponsible citizens. All members of the Uni-versity community are expected to conductthemselves, both within the University andelsewhere, in such a manner as to be a creditto themselves and to the University of Rich-mond. Moreover, they have a responsibilityfor complying with local, state, and federallaws, and with all published University poli-cies and regulations. In a community oflearning, individual or group conduct that isunlawful, that disrupts or interferes with theeducational processes, that causes destruc-tion of property, or otherwise infringes uponthe rights of others or of the University itself,cannot be tolerated.

The Trustees of the University of Rich-mond have authorized a Policy Statement onStandards of Conduct, Penalties, and Disci-plinary Procedures to guide the conduct ofstudents and their guests. This statement setsforth those standards of conduct which theUniversity of Richmond deems essential forfulfilling its educational mission. Any personwho violates the standards of conduct andregulations of the University of Richmondshall be subject to disciplinary action and, if

need be, legal action. Disciplinary actionmay range from reprimand/disciplinarywarning up to and including dismissal or ex-pulsion from the University. Penalties will beimposed after proper determination hasbeen made in accordance with establisheddisciplinary procedures of the University,with fair procedures observed and with ap-propriate appeal procedures available, asoutlined in the Policy Statement and any ap-proved revisions thereof.

A copy of this Policy Statement and/orany officially approved revisions thereof arereadily available to each student who ma-triculates. All members of the Universitycommunity should familiarize themselveswith this Policy Statement and revisions, andwith any other official publications, hand-books, or announcements issued from timeto time by the University of Richmond or byindividual colleges and schools of the Uni-versity.

Academic Requirements

The Juris Doctor degree requires thesuccessful completion of at least 86 semes-ter hours of acceptable work and a cumu-lative grade point average of at least 2.20.

In addition, students must complete atleast six full residence semesters over atleast 90 calendar weeks. A full residence se-mester is defined as a 15-week period inwhich a student is enrolled for at least 10semester hours and passes at least 9 ofthose hours. This residence requirement isbased on American Bar Association ac-creditation standards.

Students intending to attend summersessions in order to complete their degreerequirements at the end of the fall term oftheir third year should consult the Associ-ate Dean to determine if they will have thenecessary credit hours and residence se-mesters by that time.

All academic requirements for the JurisDoctor degree must be completed withinfive calendar years.

Curriculum Requirements

The 86 semester hours necessary forgraduation must include the successfulcompletion of the following courses and re-quirements.

Required Courses

36 semester hours:

Civil ProcedureConstitutional LawContractsCriminal LawEnvironmental LawLawyering Skills I, II, III, and IVProfessional ResponsibilityPropertyTorts

Note: The required course, Professional Re-sponsibility, and the elective course, Evi-dence, must be satisfactorily completed bythe end of the second year if the studentwishes to qualify under the Third-year Prac-tice Rule. Students may obtain a Third-yearPractice certificate after they have completedfour semesters and courses in Civil Proce-dure, Criminal Law, Evidence, and Profes-sional Responsibility. This certificate allowsa student to appear in some courts under thesupervision of a licensed attorney.

Writing Requirement

During the third year of law school, thestudent must complete satisfactorily a sub-stantial paper which requires in-depth re-search and rigorous analysis of a specificarea of law, and evidences a sophisticatedknowledge of the law, including larger is-sues concerning the impact of the law onvarious parts of society, and future directionsthe law may take. This requirement may befulfilled by an independent research papermeeting these goals, a paper prepared for aseminar course designated as approved forthis requirement, or by publication of an ar-ticle in the journal of an American Bar Asso-ciation accredited law school. The LawSchool’s schedule of classes, which is pub-lished each semester, will note the seminarcourses through which this requirement canbe satisfied.


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Elective Coursework

Sufficient elective courses must be takento bring the total credit earned to at least 86semester hours.

A student is permitted to count non-lawschool classroom credit toward the electivehours. Students should consult the Associ-ate Dean for Academic Affairs for specificlimitations. Non-law school classroom creditmay include moot court, client counselingand negotiation competitions, and member-ship on Law Review or the Journal of Lawand Technology. (Each of these Journals andcompetitions have a credit hour limitation ofone hour per year and no more than 2 hourstotal.) Members of the Editorial Staff of spe-cific journals may be eligible for additionalcredit. Students should consult the Associ-ate Dean for Academic Affairs.

Transfer Work

Transfer students or students visiting outmay apply no more than 30 hours ofcoursework done at another law school to-ward satisfaction of the 86 semester hour re-quirement. In order for work to transfer,courses must be taken at an institution ac-credited as degree-granting by a recognizedregional accrediting body for higher educa-tion and accredited by the American Bar As-sociation at the time the coursework is com-pleted. The coursework must be taken for agrade and, in order for the work to be trans-ferred, a student must receive a C (2.0) orbetter in each course.

Transfer students will not be rankedwithin their respective classes. Instead,transfer students will receive a number cor-responding to their position in the class ifthey had been ranked.

Changes in Catalog Information

Caution: The course offerings and re-quirements of the University of Richmondare under continual examination and revi-sion. This catalog is not a contract; it merelypresents the offerings and requirements ineffect at the time of publication and in noway guarantees that the offerings and re-

quirements will not change. The Universityspecifically reserves the right to change re-quirements for any major, minor, and/orprogram, and to implement them duringany particular years.

The student assumes full responsibilityfor compliance with all academic require-ments. Current course offerings may be ob-tained from the appropriate school or de-partment.

Graduation Policies

Graduation with Honors

At the end of law school study, studentswho attain in the range of the following cu-mulative grade point averages are eligible tograduate with the designated honors: 3.75 andabove, summa cum laude; 3.50 to 3.74, ma-gna cum laude; 3.25 to 3.49, cum laude.

Filing of Application

To graduate, a student must file a degreeapplication and comply with the graduationattendance policy. Degree applications mustbe filed in the Office of the University Reg-istrar by the second Friday in September foran anticipated completion by the comingmid-year, spring, or summer graduation.

Attendance at Commencement

Diplomas are awarded in person exceptby the decision of the University not to doso. An individual who expects to receive adiploma in the spring commencement mayrequest absentia status by explaining in writ-ing the very unusual circumstance whichprevents participation in the ceremony. Thisrequest must be received by the UniversityRegistrar no later than eight working daysbefore the ceremony. The Registrar will no-tify the individual of the status granted by theUniversity. Unless approved as absentia, anindividual who does not participate in theceremony will not receive the diploma. Also,other sanctions may be invoked, includingthe withholding of the degree itself or its cer-tification. The diploma may be received andany sanctions removed provided the candi-date refiles the degree application for a sub-

sequent graduation and follows appropriategraduation policy.

Summer and mid-year degrees are con-ferred as of the date specified in the Univer-sity calendar. Summer diplomas are mailedto those qualified; mid-year diplomas are givenin the spring commencement ceremony.

Encumbrances

The degree will not be conferred unlessthe student’s obligations to the University aresatisfactorily resolved. These obligations in-clude financial and administrative matterssuch as, but not limited to, delinquent pay-ments, parking fines, or overdue library books.

C O N F I D E N T I A L I T YUniversity of Richmond procedures and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of

1974 (P.L. 93-380) as amended, prohibit the unauthorized release of confidential informa-tion about individual students. However, directory information is not considered to be con-fidential and may be published or otherwise released. The University of Richmond hasdesignated the following items as directory information: student name; permanent, cam-pus, local (off-campus), e-mail and campus computer network (IP) addresses, and associ-ated telephone numbers; date and place of birth; major and/or minor fields of study; par-ticipation in officially recognized activities and sports; weight and height of members ofathletic teams; dates of attendance; degrees and awards received; previous schools attended;and photographs. Further information on the University’s policy is available on the Officeof the University Registrar’s Web page at www.richmond.edu/academics/registrar/ferpa.htmlor by contacting the Office of the University Registrar. Students may opt to have their direc-tory information withheld. To exercise this option, the appropriate form must be obtainedfrom the Office the University Registrar, completed and returned to that office. Once filed,this form remains in effect until withdrawn in writing by the student to the Office of theUniversity Registrar. For further information, contact the Office of the University Registrar(phone: 804/289-8400, email: [email protected]).

extent that FERPA authorizes disclosure without consent.

One exception, which permits disclosure without con-sent, is disclosure to school officials with legitimate edu-cational interests. A school official is defined as a personemployed by the University in an administrative, super-visory, academic support staff position (including lawenforcement unit personnel and health staff); a person orcompany with whom the University of Richmond hascontracted (such as an attorney, auditor, or collectionagent); a person serving on the Board of Trustees; or aperson assisting another school official in performing hisor her tasks.

A school official has a legitimate educational interest ifthe official needs to review an education record in orderto fulfilled his or her professional responsibility.

4) The right to file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Edu-cation concerning alleged failures by the University of Rich-mond to comply with the requirements of FERPA. The nameand address of the office that administers FERPA is: FamilyPolicy Compliance Office, U.S. Department of Education, 400Maryland Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20202-4605

The University of Richmond’s complete FERPA Policy Statement isavailable as part of the Office of the University Registrar’s Web pageat www.richmond.edu/academics/registrar/ferpa.html or by con-tacting the Office of the University Registrar.

RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO EDUCATION RECORDS

The Family Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) affords students cer-tain rights with respect to their education records. They are:

1) The right to inspect and review their records within 45 daysof the date the University receives a request for access.

Students should submit to the University Registrar a writtenrequest that identifies the record(s) they wish to inspect. TheRegistrar will make arrangements for access and notify the stu-dent of the time and place the records may be inspected.

2) The right to request the amendment of education records thatthe student believes are inaccurate or misleading.

Students may ask the University of Richmond to amend arecord that they believe is inaccurate or misleading. Theyshould write the University Registrar, clearly identify thepart of the record they want changed, and specify why it isinaccurate or misleading.

If the University of Richmond decides not to amend the recordas requested by the student, the University will notify the stu-dent of the decision and advise them of their right to a hear-ing regarding the request for amendment. Additional infor-mation regarding the hearing procedures will be provided tothe student when notified of the right to a hearing.

3) The right to consent to disclosures of personally identifiableinformation contained in the education records, except to the


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F I N A N C I A L A F F A I R Sand the spring semester payment is due bythe first Monday in December. To avoid in-curring a late-payment fee and delays inhousing, registration, and other areas, indi-viduals are urged to pay fees when due.

Satisfactory financial arrangementsfor room and board must be made be-fore occupancy.

No credit is given for a term’s work nora degree conferred until all charges havebeen satisfactorily settled. Failure to makesatisfactory financial arrangements can re-sult in delay of graduation, denial of regis-tration privileges, removal from classes,and/or the withholding of transcripts.

Remittance may be made by checkdrawn to University of Richmond, and ad-dressed to:

Office of Student AccountsBox RUniversity of Richmond, VA 23173

To pay tution and fees by MC/VISA orDISCOVER, call (877) 237-9734. There is aconvenience fee to use this credit card ser-vice, which is explained in detail during thephone call.

Deferred Payments

In recognition of the substantial interestin deferred payments, the University has ar-ranged to make available the services ofAcademic Management Services. This firmoffers one of several sound alternatives forfinancing a student’s education. Informa-tion is mailed to students in April.

Further information is available upon re-quest from the Office of the Bursar or visitour Web site at: www.richmond.edu/ad-ministration/controller/stuaccts.

Students are urged to complete what-ever arrangements they choose early, sothat their accounts with the University maybe settled in a timely manner.

Deposits

Upon acceptance for admission to theUniversity of Richmond, a $250 General

Fee deposit is required. This advance pay-ment will be credited on the first semesteraccount of the student and is not refund-able if the student fails to matriculate.

Late Payment Fee

A late payment fee will be assessed onany unpaid balance. Students who fail tomake satisfactory arrangements for their se-mester fees by the close of business on thefirst day of the term will be charged a latepayment fee of up to $60.

Late Registration Fee

A late registration fee of $60 will becharged to any student who fails to com-plete registration for any semester by theclose of business on the day before the firstday of the term.

Refund Policy

General Fee, Room and Board Refund

Students are matriculated by semester. Ifa student withdraws from classes or isdropped from the University for whatevercause, a refund of fees for a fall or springsemester shall be made in accordance withthe University’s refund policy, based on thefollowing schedule. This schedule isadapted for summer terms.

Students who withdraw from the Uni-versity and who are receiving any financial

~ Regardless of the University school inwhich a course is taken, the student paysthe tuition and fees of the school towhich he or she has been admitted andwhich is considered the school of record.Any special fee associated with a particu-lar course, such as a laboratory fee, ischarged based on registration in thecourse.

~ The University reserves the right to in-crease the fees listed herein and thecharges for room and board if conditionsshould make such changes necessary or

Fees for the 2002-03 academic year

General Fee 9-19 semester hours inclusive – (summers excepted) ........................ $22,860

Laptop Computer Package required first-year purchase ......................... $3,400 (approx.)(details on page 17) ................................................................. available package under $3000

Housing (in Law residence hall) Single ....................................................................... $2,520

Meal Plans Meals are served Monday through Friday, three meals a day; Saturday and Sunday, brunch and dinner.Spider Unlimited ............................................................................................................... $2,98019-Meal Plan — All 19 meals a week ............................................................................. $2,69414-Meal Plan — Any 14 meals a week ........................................................................... $2,65610-Meal Plan — Any 10 meals a week ........................................................................... $2,616 5-Meal Plan — Any 5 meals a week .............................................................................. $1,366Spider 100 .......................................................................................................................... $1,522All meal plans are based, budgeted, and served within the time frame of the undergraduatecalendar schedule. Students in the Law residence halls are required to purchase a meal plan.

Other FeesHours over 19 or less than 9 in a semester

Per semester hour ............................................................................................................. $1,145Campus vehicle permit ............................................................................................................ 80Graduation Fee/Academic Regalia (at time of degree application) .................................... 60Registration, change: per transaction ..................................................................................... 10Registration, late (payable before matriculation), per term ................................................. 60General Fee Payment, late fee will be assessed up to ......................................................... 60

Optional FeesCable Television Single-Semester Contract Full-Year ContractCable Channel 1 $42 $84Cable Channel 2 $42 $84Student Health Service $210Single students not living on campus may pay this fee, for which they will receive medicalattention and Student Health Center privileges. Students not under a meal plan with theUniversity dining hall will be charged for meals while in the Student Health Center. Theservices of the University physician are available only in the Student Health Center.Information about a student accident and sickness insurance policy is available from theHuman Resource Services, (804) 289-8704.

advisable. The changes will be an-nounced as far in advance as feasible.

~ Fees and charges will increase for the2003-04 school year and will be an-nounced as soon as possible.

Payments

Inquiries concerning payments shouldbe directed to the Office of the Bursar,(804) 289-8147, or toll free (877) 237-9734.

Fees are billed and are payable in ad-vance by the semester. The fall semester pay-ment is due by the first Monday in August,

Tuition, Fees, Board and Room Refund

Withdrawal on or beforethe first day of class ...................... 100% less deposits

Prorated on a daily basis

Withdrawal during the first weekof classes through the sixth week ....................... 85%

Withdrawal during the second week of classes . 70%

Withdrawal during the third week of classes ..... 50%

Withdrawal during the fourth week of classes ... 25%

Withdrawal during the fifth week of classes ...... 25%

Withdrawal during the sixth week of classes ..... 25%

Withdrawal after the sixth week of classes ...... None

F I N A N C I A L A F F A I R S

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assistance may be required to return suchassistance per Public Law 668.22 and insti-tutional policy. The University of Richmondcomplies with all federal regulations gov-erning recipients of federal Title IV funds.Information regarding financial aid refundpolicies is available in the Financial AidOffice.

Any special fee associated with a par-ticular course is non-refundable after thefirst day of class.

Appeals Process

The University of Richmond has an ap-peal process for students and parents whobelieve individual circumstances warrantexceptions from published policy. All ap-peals must be in writing and directed toAnnemarie Weitzel, Bursar, Box R, Univer-sity of Richmond, Virginia [email protected] (effective 8/23/00).

Room and Board

Rooms in the Law residence hall areavailable to single students upon applica-tion to the Director of Admissions of theLaw School, accompanied by check pay-able to University of Richmond in theamount of $250. Returning students mustapply for a room on or before the preced-ing May 1; new students must apply for aroom upon acceptance by the school. Avail-ability of rooms is limited. Preference isgiven to entering students not from the area.

The deposit will be a credit toward otherfees if written notice releasing the room isreceived by July 1. If a student occupies theroom, the $250 room deposit will be cred-ited to his or her account.

The rooms are furnished. Each studentprovides his or her own pillow, bed linens,towels, and blankets.

The charge for room covers medicalcare by the University Student Health Cen-ter, but does not cover the cost of medi-cines, expenses at a hospital, or the servicesof any additional physician or nurse.

Law students living off-campus are notrequired to participate in the board plan.However, if you would like to participatein a board plan, please contact One CardServices, Room 330 of the Tyler HaynesCommons, for assistance. Students living inthe Law residence halls are required to par-ticipate in the board plan. The board plansavailable are

~ Spider Plus Unlimited - Unlimited accessduring any one meal period for mealseaten at the Heilman Dining Center

~ 19-Meal Plan - All meals served weeklyunder the 19-meal plan schedule

~ 14-Meal Plan - Any 14 meals per weekunder 19-meal plan schedule

~ 10-Meal Plan - Any 10 meals per weekunder 19-meal plan schedule

~ 5-Meal Plan - Any 5 meals per week un-der 19-meal plan schedule

~ Spider 100 - A total of 100 meal punchesduring the semester.

Meals under all meal plans are servedduring the days and times stated in the cal-endar for the School of Arts and Sciences,the Jepson School of Leadership Studiesand the undergraduate school of The E.Claiborne Robins School of Business. TheID/meal card is nontransferable. For moreinformation, see www.richmond.edu/stu-dent/life/dining/.

Books

The books, supplies, and necessarystudy aids for the first year, if purchasednew, will cost about $900 per year. Second-hand books are available at lower cost. Allbooks may be secured at reasonable pricesthrough the University Bookstore.

2002 Summer Session

General Fee (5-8 hrs.) .................... $5,440

Part-time students matriculating for lessthan 5 semester hours per term:

Tuition fee, per semester hour ....... $1,090

F I N A N C I A L A I D

completion of degree requirements. Anevaluation of progress is made at the endof each academic year, including an analy-sis of earned credit hours and grade pointaverage. Students not making satisfactoryacademic progress will be ineligible for fur-ther financial assistance until the deficit ismade up. Waivers of these requirementsmay be granted for special circumstancesupon appeal to the Director of FinancialAid.

The standards of academic progress out-lined here are solely for the purpose ofevaluating eligibility to continue receivingneed-based financial aid. They do not re-place or modify academic standards re-quired for continued enrollment at the Uni-versity of Richmond.

Law students must meet the followingminimum standards:

at end of credit grade pointsemester earned average

2 26 2.00

4 56 2.10

6 86 2.20

Law students are not eligible for finan-cial aid after six semesters of enrollment(including enrollment at law schools otherthan the University of Richmond).

GrantsThe University of Richmond awards

grants, within available resources, to lawstudents who can demonstrate substantialneed. In addition, the Virginia TuitionGrant (TAG) program provides aid to full-time Virginia residents attending privateschools in Virginia. (TAG requires a sepa-rate application. Deadline: July 31.)

LoansLoan programs are available through a

variety of sources to help students finance

Several forms of financial aid are avail-able to law students at the University ofRichmond. The Law School merit-basedscholarship program is administeredthrough the Law School; need-based grantsand loans are administered by theUniversity’s Financial Aid Office. Scholar-ships and grants are awarded to incomingstudents. Students receiving them for thefirst year may receive them again for thesecond and third year. It is unlikely thatother students will receive them for the sec-ond or third year.

Need-Based Financial AidApplicants for need-based financial aid

must complete the Free Application forFederal Student Aid (FAFSA). Prospectivestudents (including transfers) should mailthe FAFSA by mid-February to ensure re-ceipt at the application processor no laterthan the February 25 deadline date. Thedeadline for financial aid applications forreturning students is May 1.

Specific information regarding pro-grams, eligibility, and application proce-dures can be obtained from:

Financial Aid OfficeSarah Brunet HallUniversity of Richmond, VA 23173(804) [email protected], to be considered for need-

based aid, an applicant must be a U.S. citi-zen, must be enrolled or accepted for en-rollment on a full-time basis in a degree orcertificate program, and must demonstratefinancial need. Eligibility for need-based fi-nancial aid is reevaluated annually basedupon completion of the FAFSA. In addition,to receive assistance from any of the need-based financial aid programs at the Univer-sity of Richmond, or from the Direct LoanProgram, students must maintain satisfac-tory academic progress towards the

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The Thomas P. Bryan Jr.Memorial Scholarship

Established by the Windsor Foundation inmemory of Thomas P. Bryan, one of itstrustees, and a member of the Class of 1947.

The Cantor and Cantor Scholarship

Endowed by the Richmond firm of Cantorand Cantor.

The Fred A. CrowderMemorial Scholarship

Established by Mrs. Fred A. Crowder anddaughters. Mr. Crowder was a member ofthe Class of 1949.

The William S. Cudlipp Jr.Scholarship

Established in 1996 by William S. CudlippJr., a 1931 graduate of the Law School anda member of its adjunct faculty for manyyears.

The John N. DaltonMemorial Scholarship

Established by the University’s Board ofTrustees in memory of their former col-league, John N. Dalton, who served as theGovernor of Virginia.

The Carle E. Davis Scholarship

Established by his friends in honor of CarleE. Davis, a long-time member of the LawSchool faculty, secretary of the UniversityBoard of Trustees, alumnus, and prominentattorney.

The Jean G. and Joseph B.Dickerson Scholarship

Established in 1997 through the estate of Jo-seph B. Dickerson, a 1932 graduate of theLaw School. Mr. Dickerson had a long ca-reer with the F.B.I.

The M. Ray Doubles Scholarship

Established in honor of M. Ray Doubles,former dean and faculty member of the

University of Richmond School of Law,who faithfully served the Law School as anable administrator and prominent scholar,and spent many years as a respected jurist.

The Thomas A. EdmondsScholarship

Established by members of the Alumni As-sociation and others in honor of Thomas A.Edmonds, a former Dean of the Law School.

The William Meade FletcherMemorial Scholarship

Established by James W. Fletcher inmemory of his father, William MeadeFletcher, author of the highly respectedtreatise on corporate law, Cyclopedia of theLaw of Private Corporations.

The Barry N. Frank Scholarship

Established by Mrs. Honey H. Frank inhonor of her son Barry, a member of theClass of 1977.

The Warren B. “Chip” French IIIScholarship

Established by the Student Bar Associationin memory of Warren B. “Chip” French III,a member of the Class of 1981.

The Ralph M. GoldsteinLaw Scholarship

Established in 1995 by Ralph M. Goldstein,a 1964 graduate of the Law School and hisson, Irving B. (Chip) Goldstein, a 1994graduate of the Law School, both of whompractice law in a firm in Newport News, Va.

The Virgil R. Goode and Mildred E.Goode Scholarship

Established in 1993 through the estate ofMildred E. Goode, for students demonstrat-ing financial need.

The Charles T. Gray Scholarship

Established by the Hon. Frederick T. Grayin memory of his brother.

their law school education. Private sourcesinclude the Law Access Loans and Law Stu-dent Loans. Loan programs from federalsources include the Perkins Loan and theFederal Direct Loan. Applications for theseloans typically require the completion ofthe FAFSA plus separate loan applications.

Veterans BenefitsStudents eligible to receive educational

benefits under Veterans Readjustment Acts,or other laws for veterans, active servicepersons, children, wives or widows of de-ceased or disabled veterans, must submitapplications to the Veterans Administration(VA) prior to registration. Certificates of eli-gibility received from the VA must be pre-sented to the Veterans Administration Co-ordinator in the Office of the UniversityRegistrar.

ScholarshipsScholarships awarded by the Univer-

sity of Richmond include the following:

Law School Merit-based Scholarships

The Law School awards a limited num-ber of scholarship grants on the basis ofcharacter, leadership, scholastic attainment,and capacity for law study.

John Marshall Scholars Program

Established as a result of a generous be-quest by Joseph Dickerson, a member ofthe Class of 1932, the John Marshall Schol-ars Program became effective in the 1998-99 academic year. Merit-based scholarshipsof $10,000 each are awarded to a numberof incoming students each year. The schol-arship is renewed automatically each yearprovided the recipient ranks in the top thirdof his or her class. John Marshall Scholarsare chosen by a blue-ribbon panel of Vir-ginia Supreme Court justices and promi-nent alumni, and are invited to participate

beginning in their second year in a spe-cially designed seminar during the courseof the academic year.

Endowed Law Scholarships

The Marilyn L. BarnesEndowed Scholarship

Established in 1999 by Timothy L. Barnes,a member of the Class of 1978 and JeffersonT. Barnes, a member of the Class of 1987in memory of their mother.

The E. Ballard Baker Scholarship

Established by alumni and friends inmemory of Judge E. Ballard Baker, analumnus of Richmond College and the LawSchool who was a widely respected juristand the first Chief Judge of the Court of Ap-peals of Virginia.

Elio J. Nannini/M. Ray DoublesScholarship

Established in 1999 by Elio J. Nannini, amember of the Class of 1940 in honor of hisalma mater and in memory of DeanDoubles.

The Law School Class of 1972Scholarship

Established by the members of the Class of1972.

The Mary Russell and James H.Barnett Jr. Memorial Scholarship

Alumni and friends of Mary Russell andJames H. Barnett Jr. have funded this schol-arship in their memory. Mr. Barnett was adistinguished teacher and scholar who servedthe Law School for nearly half a century.

The W. Richard Broaddus Jr.Scholarship

Established as a result of a generous be-quest by W. Richard Broaddus Jr., a mem-ber of the Class of 1921.

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U N I V E R S I T Y O F R I C H M O N D F I N A N C I A L A I D

The J. Westwood SmithersScholarship

Established by his family and friends inmemory of J. Westwood Smithers, a long-time member of the Law School faculty.

The Harold F. SneadMemorial Scholarship

Established in memory of Harold F. Snead,the former Chief Justice of the SupremeCourt of Virginia and a member of the Classof 1929.

The Beecher E. Stallard Scholarship

Established to honor Beecher E. Stallard, a1931 graduate of the University of Rich-mond School of Law and former memberof the Virginia House of Delegates.

The Sturgill & Sturgill Scholarship

Endowed by the firm of Sturgill & Sturgill,Norton, Virginia, to assist students fromsouthwest Virginia.

Jean Morris Tarpley Scholarship

Established by the Class of 1957 and addedto throughout the years by many of her ad-mirers, in honor of Jean Morris Tarpley, theLaw School’s former Director of Admissions.

The Elizabeth N. TompkinsMemorial Scholarship

Established by Westhampton College alum-nae in memory of Elizabeth N. Tompkins,to be awarded to an entering law studentwho is a graduate of Westhampton College.

The Virginia District CourtJudges’ Scholarship

Established by the Law School’s alumniwho are Virginia District Court judges.

The Archie O. Wells Scholarship

Established in 2000 by Marjorie Wells inmemory of her husband, Archie Wells, a re-spected Richmond area attorney and amember of the Class of 1950.

The Willard I. Walker Scholarship

Established by students, alumni, andfriends in memory of Judge Willard I.Walker, a prominent member of the Rich-mond bench, and an instructor of trial ad-vocacy at the Law School.

The A.D. Williams Law Scholarships

Awarded to entering or returning studentsof unusual ability.

Annually Funded ScholarshipsScholarship awards are made from fundsannually provided by the following lawfirms, corporations, groups, and individuals.

Edward D. Barnes (Class of 1972)

Barnes & Barnes, Chatham, N.J.

Barnes & Batzli, Chesterfield, Va.

Christian, Barton, Epps, Brent & Chappell,Richmond, Va.

Linda and Bill Davidson (Class of 1973)

Florance, Gordon & Brown, Richmond, Va.

Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore,Roanoke, Va.

Gillespie, Hart, Altizer & Whitesell,Tazewell, Va.

Hirschler, Fleischer, Weinberg, Cox &Allen, Richmond, Va.

Hunton & Williams, Richmond, Va.

Law School Association, Richmond, Va.

Nancy and Jim Meath (Class of 1977)

Morris & Morris, Richmond, Va.

Parker, Pollard & Brown, Richmond, Va.

Pretlow, Eason & Pretlow, Suffolk, Va.

Patsy and Waverly Pulley (Class of 1972)

Tuck, Peterson, Porfiri & Allen,Richmond, Va.

Virginia Circuit Court Judges

Williams, Mullen, Richmond, Va.

Ebb H. Williams III (Class of 1964)

The Edward W. HudginsMemorial Scholarship

Established in 1976 by Edward M. Hudginsin memory of his father, an alumnus of theLaw School and a trustee of the Universityof Richmond, who was Chief Justice of theSupreme Court of Virginia, 1947-58.

The Nina R. Kestin Scholarship

Established by her family, colleagues, andfriends in memory of Nina R. “Ricki” Kestin,a respected member of the Law School fac-ulty, 1976-89.

The Harry L. Lantz Scholarship

Established by Harry L. Lantz, a member ofthe Class of 1943.

The Law School Class of 1958Scholarship

Established by members of the Class of 1958.

Life Insurance Company of VirginiaScholarship

Established in 1972, this scholarship is pro-vided through the benevolence of the LifeInsurance Company of Virginia.

The Mary Corling McCreaScholarship

Established by the McCrea Foundation inmemory of its benefactor, Mary CorlingMcCrea.

The McGuire, Woods Scholarship

An annual scholarship award is made pos-sible through an endowment given by theRichmond law firm of McGuire, Woods,Battle & Boothe.

The William T. Muse MemorialScholarship

Established in memory of William T. Muse,a distinguished member of the law facultyand dean for 24 years.

The Elis Olsson MemorialFoundation Scholarship

Established to assist worthy students to ob-tain their legal education.

The Thomas P. ParsleyMemorial Scholarship

Established by his wife in memory ofThomas P. Parsley, a member of the Classof 1929.

The E.R. Patterson Scholarship

Established by E.R. Patterson, founder andformer president of Richmond Tire & Rub-ber Co.

The Carl R. Pigeon Scholarship

Established in 1997 by Mrs. Gail Pigeon inmemory of her husband, Carl, a 1965graduate of the Law School and a formerattorney in Hopewell, Va.

The Theodora A. RandolphScholarship

Established by Mrs. Randolph to assist wor-thy students in the pursuit of their legaleducation.

The James D. Rowe MemorialScholarship

Established by his friends in memory ofJames D. Rowe, a member of the Class of1955.

The Charles E. Schelin Scholarship

Established by Mrs. Charles E. Schelin inmemory of her husband, a member of theClass of 1972.

The Sheppard EndowmentScholarship

Established by an anonymous alumnus andthe Lawrence B. Sheppard Foundation.

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U N I V E R S I T Y O F R I C H M O N D S T U D E N T A C T I V I T I E S

tire student body. The Student Council, thedecision-making body of the Student Bar As-sociation, is composed of these officers andtwo circuit representatives from each class inthe Law School. The Student Bar Associationis designed to assist law students in a varietyof ways. It sponsors various activities andprojects, including first-year orientation, aspeaker’s program, and other social eventsthroughout the year.

Other Student Organizations

There are numerous other student orga-nizations at the Law School. The Moot CourtBoard, Trial Advocacy Board, and ClientCounseling and Negotiation Board administerthe competitions described on pages 19-20.

Two professional legal fraternities, Phi Al-pha Delta and Delta Theta Phi, sponsor a va-riety of programs on subjects of professionalinterest. The legal fraternities occasionallyhost certain social events. In addition, thereis a chapter of the Black Law Student Asso-ciation (BALSA); Women’s Law Students As-sociation; the Jewish Law Students Associa-tion; Multi-Ethnic Law Students Association(MLSA); the Alliance of Gay and Lesbian LawStudents Supporters; the American Constitu-tion Society; Latino Law Students Association;chapters of the Federalist Society and theAmerican Bar Association (Law Student Di-vision); a Health Care Law Forum; Interna-tional Law Society; Environmental Law Soci-ety; the Virginia Trial Lawyers Association;Christian Legal Society; a Public Interest LawAssociation (PILA); a Criminal Law and Jus-tice Society; a Law and Technology Associa-tion; the Rutherford Institute; and a SportsLaw Society. Students also have the oppor-tunity to participate in Moot Court and ClientCounseling and Negotiation competitions.

Awards

The Charles T. Norman Medal is given an-nually to the best all-around law graduate asdetermined by the law faculty.The J. Westwood Smithers Medal was es-tablished in honor of Professor Emeritus J.Westwood Smithers who retired in 1979 af-

ter more than 40 years of service to theUniversity of Richmond Law School. TheSmithers Medal honors the member of thegraduating class who has the highest cumu-lative grade point average.The William S. Cudlipp Jr. Medal, estab-lished in honor of Professor Emeritus WilliamS. Cudlipp Jr., is awarded to the student whohas the highest cumulative grade point aver-age at the end of the second year of lawschool.The Center for Computer-Assisted LegalInstruction (CALI) awards certificates to thestudents in each class whom the facultydeem to have made the most significant con-tribution to legal scholarship.The International Academy of TrialLawyers Student Advocacy Award isawarded annually to the graduating law stu-dent who has distinguished himself or her-self in the field of trial advocacy.The Virginia Trial Lawyers AssociationAdvocacy Award is a cash prize which isgiven to a graduating student who has dis-tinguished himself or herself in courses hav-ing a significant litigation orientation.The Family Law Award is awarded by theFamily Law Section of the Virginia State Barand the Virginia chapter of the AmericanAcademy of Matrimonial Lawyers to a gradu-ating student selected by the faculty whodemonstrates promise and potential for thepractice of family law.The T.C. Williams Law School Scholar-ship Award is awarded to the graduatingstudent who has made the most significantcontribution to overall legal scholarship.The National Association of WomenLawyers Award is given by the faculty foracademic potential and achievement in theadvancement of women in society.The Nina R. Kestin Service Award is oc-casionally awarded by the faculty at com-mencement to a graduate who has made anextraordinary contribution to the school. Theprize is named in memory of Professor NinaR. (“Ricki”) Kestin, who was a tax professorat the school from 1976 until her untimelydeath in 1989.

The Law ReviewThe University of Richmond Law Review

is a legal periodical published four times ayear by a student staff under general super-vision of a board and a faculty advisor. TheLaw Review presents the results of scholarlyanalysis of legal issues. Articles are written bylaw professors, judges, and practicing law-yers. Notes and comments on recent deci-sions and statutes are prepared by students.Membership on the Law Review is one of thehighest honors attainable by a student. Thiswork affords students valuable training in re-search, analysis, and writing. In the opinion ofmany, this experience provides some of thebest training the Law School has to offer.

Richmond Journal of GlobalLaw and Business

The Richmond Journal of Global Lawand Business was founded in the Fall of1998. The purpose of the Journal is to pro-vide scholarly and practical insight intomajor legal and business issues affectingour global economy.

The Journal is published biannually inpaper format. The fall issue covers a spe-cific topic that headlines the Journal’s FallSymposium. The most recent symposiumpresented The Changing Labor Markets ofthe Western Hemisphere and included dis-cussion and insight from leading experts inthe law as well as other non-legal disci-plines like economics and social geogra-phy. The spring issue covers a wide arrayof topics considered significant in the glo-bal economy. Past issues have addresseddomestic securities regulation, internationalintellectual property and antitrust law aswell as many other relevant global businessissues.

The Richmond Journal of Lawand the Public Interest

The Richmond Journal of Law and thePublic Interest is a student-run interdiscipli-

nary journal dedicated to current and oftencontroversial issues affecting the public.Topics covered in past issues have includedbio-ethics, the environment, the death pen-alty, and welfare reform. The journal ispublished exclusively online and seekscontributions from not only legal scholars,but also from other professionals active intheir field of expertise. This interdiscipli-nary aspect provides readers with differentviewpoints on a common topic.

JOLPI also sponsors a Continuing LegalEducation (CLE) course each spring dedicatedto legal professional ethics.

The Richmond Journal of Lawand Technology

The Richmond Journal of Law andTechnology is the first law review in theworld to be published exclusively online.First published on April 10, 1995, the Jour-nal focuses on the impact that computer-related and other emerging technologieshave on the law. The Journal is publishedentirely by students of the University ofRichmond School of Law. Publishing on-line has proved to be tremendously benefi-cial in allowing the Journal to reach a muchwider audience than would have been pos-sible using the traditional print medium.Journal articles now reach over 33,000readers per month in more than 70 coun-tries around the world.

McNeill Law Society

The McNeill Law Society is named inmemory of Walter Scott McNeill, belovedprofessor in the school from 1905 to 1930.Membership is limited to students who rankin the top 10 percent of their class.

Student Bar Association

The Student Bar Association is the LawSchool’s student government. The StudentBar Association president, vice president,secretary, and treasurer are elected by the en-

S T U D E N T A C T I V I T I E S

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C U R R I C U L U M

First-Year CoursesThe following courses totaling 30 semes-

ter hours are prescribed:

Civil Procedure. (515) Introduction, with empha-sis on federal law, to rules governing jurisdiction,venue, service of process, pleadings, joinder, dis-covery, summary adjudication, trial, judgments, di-rect and collateral attack on judgments, appellateprocedure, and choice of law in civil litigation.4 sem. hrs.

Constitutional Law. (503) Introduction to consti-tutional problems, including problems relating tothe defining and raising of constitutional questions;the federal system; and an introduction to judicialprotection of individual liberties. Emphasis on partsof the Constitution most frequently involved in liti-gation. 4 sem. hrs.

Contracts. (513) Basic elements of contract law.Stress on the agreement process, i.e., offer and ac-ceptance, consideration, and substitutes for consid-eration. Avoidance of contractual obligations, con-ditions, performance and breach of contracts areexamined, as are discharge of contractual dutiesand remedies. Third-party beneficiaries, assign-ments, and illegal contracts may be examined. TheUniform Commercial Code and the Restatement areemphasized throughout. 4 sem. hrs.

Criminal Law. (506) Sources of criminal law; con-stitutional limitations on power to create and de-fine crimes; elements of crimes; conduct, mentalstate, causation; specific offenses, including homi-cides, sex offenses, larceny, and other property of-fenses; defenses of mistakes, infancy, compulsion,intoxication, insanity; attempt; solicitation; con-spiracy; accessoryship. 3 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law. (520) Using environmentallaw as the vehicle, an introduction to the dynam-ics of regulatory and statutory law. Considers theways in which various legal institutions — legisla-tures, administrative agencies, and the courts — re-spond to environmental issues. 3 sem. hrs.

Lawyering Skills I-II. (517-518) Innovative pro-gram introducing first- and second-year law stu-dents to essential lawyering skills including legalanalysis, writing, research, interviewing, counsel-ing, negotiation, drafting, and trial and appellateadvocacy. 2-2 sem. hrs.

Property. (516) Introduction to property laws,with emphasis on the concepts of title and posses-

sion of personal and real property; finders andbailments; rights and remedies of the possessor;donative transactions; rights of the bona fide pur-chaser; historical background of real property law;estates in land; concurrent ownership; conveyanc-ing and future interests after the Statute of Uses;Statute of Frauds; contracts, deeds and mortgagesin the sale of land; recordation and title examina-tion; covenants, easements, and licenses in the useof land. 4 sem. hrs.

Torts. (514) Liability for personal injuries and in-juries to property. Includes analysis of various in-tentional tort theories, the concepts of negligenceand strict liability, and the privileges and defenseswhich may apply to actions brought in tort. Mayinclude treatment of one or more special or emerg-ing areas such as products liability, misrepresenta-tion, privacy, defamation, misuse of legal proce-dures, or interference with advantageous relation-ships. 4 sem. hrs.

Required Upper-Level CoursesThe following upper-level courses total-

ing 6 semester hours are prescribed:

Lawyering Skills III–IV. (598-599) Continuationof the innovative program begun in the first year,introducing students to essential lawyering skills in-cluding legal analysis, writing, research, interview-ing, counseling, negotiation, drafting, and trial andappellate advocacy. Lawyering Skills III-IV must betaken during the second year. 2-2 sem. hrs.

Professional Responsibility. (605) Ethical stan-dards of the legal profession, including judicial eth-ics and unauthorized practice. 2 sem. hrs.

In addition to these courses, studentsmust successfully complete a writing re-quirement as stated on page 31. Thecourses through which this requirementcan be satisfied are included in the follow-ing list. The notation Meets third-yearwriting requirement appears after thedescription of some of these courses. Othercourses will occasionally be structured in aformat so as to meet the requirement. Thelist of courses offered, published each yearby the Law School, indicates all the coursesoffered that year through which this re-quirement can be satisfied.

Second- or Third-YearElective CoursesAdministrative Law. (607) Survey of the nature,purpose and functions of federal and state admin-istrative agencies. Coverage includes an analysis ofprocedures and practices before such agencies, en-forcement of agency decisions, judicial review andcontrol of agency use of governmental power. 2-3sem. hrs.

Admiralty. (608) Law of maritime commerce, ofships, seamen, and cargo. An introduction to thespecial federal system of admiralty practice, fol-lowed by examination of the laws governing ma-rine transportation, ocean pollution, and industrialaccidents to crew members and harbor workers.2-3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Children’s Law Clinic. (773) Withfaculty permission, students who have completedeither the Delinquency Clinic or the Disability LawClinic, may enroll for between two and six credits.Advanced students will take leadership roles inclinic cases and complete a significant project overthe course of the semester. 4-6 sem. hrs.

Advanced Computer Law. (747) Surveys legalissues related to computers generally and Internetin particular. Coverage may include intellectualproperty protection for computer software,intellectual property rights in digital environment,online contracting and payment systems, digitalsignatures and encryption, Internet taxation, com-puter crime, First Amendment and antitrust issuesonline. 2 sem. hrs.

Advanced Constitutional Law. (609) Individualrights, particularly issues in the First,Thirteenth, andFifteenth Amendments not covered in the basiccourse. Topics include reapportionment, religion,obscenity, government investigation, the right toknow, commercial speech, libel, and inadequaciesin the Supreme Court to protect rights. 3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Family Law Seminar. (703) Throughthe medium of hypothetical clients, selected fam-ily law issues, from courtship through divorce, willbe analyzed in detail. Role playing and guest lec-turers will be utilized. Submission of a substantialresearch paper and oral presentation are required.2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Advanced Legal Research. (748) Explores legalresearch strategies and resources more compre-hensively and in-depth than what is available dur-ing first year. Review of primary American legalsources in all types of formats plus extensive cov-

erage of legal research in more specialized areas,such as international law, bankruptcy, federal taxa-tion, personal injury, and corporate/business law.2 sem. hrs.

Advanced Real Estate Transactions. (611) Sur-veys modern real estate transactions, such as con-dominiums, cooperatives, sales and leasebacks,leasehold mortgages, FHA and VA financing, taxconsequences, title insurance, construction loanagreements, and shopping center leases. 3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Torts. (659) Covers one or more spe-cialized topics that cannot be covered in the basicTorts course. The topics include injuries to traderelations, like tortious interference with contractualrights, misappropriation of trade secrets, and un-fair competition or interference with dignitary in-terests such as defamation, privacy, or publicityrights. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Advanced Trial Practice. (632) Refines andbuilds on the skills covered in Trial Practice or Law-yering Skills by using more complex civil andcriminal problems, and files developed by the Na-tional Institute for Trial Advocacy for training themore experienced trial advocate. Special empha-sis on the development of a case theory and thechoosing of an appropriate case theme for themore complex case. Covers use of demonstrativeevidence, including photographs, charts, whiteboards, overheads, videos, and computer simula-tions. Enrollment limited. Prerequisite: LawyeringSkills III (598). 3 sem. hrs.

Agency and Partnership. (612) Agency relation-ships; contractual liability of principals (disclosedand undisclosed), agents and third parties; author-ity and ratification; termination of agency; tortliability in master-servant relationships; partner-ship: creation, rights and duties of partners, disso-lution of partnerships; and fiduciary duties ofagents. 2 sem. hrs.

Alternate Dispute Resolution. (610) Develop-ment of skills in certain dispute resolutiontechniques, including negotiation, arbitration, me-diation, and mini-trials. Enrollment limited. 2-3sem. hrs.

American Judicial Biography. (638) Examinesthe lives of prominent jurists to see how their per-sonal experiences informed their careers as juristsand their judicial philosophies. Among the indi-viduals studied are Holmes, Black, Frankfurter,Brandeis, Traynor, and Learned Hand. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

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Conflict of Laws. (621) Law relating to acts andtransactions in which any operative fact occurs out-side the state where legal proceedings are insti-tuted, or which involve other significant extrastateelements. The theoretical bases of conflict of laws,including traditional and modern approaches tochoice of law, are covered. 3 sem. hrs.

The Constitution and the American Culture.(745) A seminar-style exploration of themes inconstitutional law as they have influenced and areinfluenced by creative mass culture, includingmovies, plays, television, and novels. Evaluationin course will be based on take-home final essayexam. 2 sem. hrs.

Construction Law. (617) Issues peculiar to con-struction projects from the perspective of the vari-ous participants, including developer, contractor,architect, and lender and on dispute avoidance andresolution techniques. Includes negotiation anddrafting of construction-related contracts. 2 sem. hrs.

Consumer Protection. (622) Survey of privateand public law protection afforded consumers, be-ginning with an analysis of the common law tortof deception and extending through most areas ofpublic regulation, including those policed by theFederal Trade Commission. Emphasis on applica-tion of federal statutes such as the Consumer CreditProtection Act and the Magnuson-Moss WarrantyAct. Excludes product liability concepts. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Contract Drafting Seminar. (721) Course en-gages students in transaction analysis, includingidentifying client (and third party) objectives, par-ties’ areas of agreement or disagreement, and pro-viding contingency planning in the event of dis-putes regarding the parties’ rights and duties.Students structure agreements, plan for possibledisputes, predict how parties behave, and seek ap-propriate clarity of language. Enrollment limited.2 sem. hrs.

Contract Theory. (711) Analysis of leading tra-ditional and modern theories of contractual rela-tionships. Exploration of effect of these theories onmajor contract rules such as those regarding con-tract formation, construction of contract terms, andremedies. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writingrequirement.

Corporate Finance. (689) Advanced corporatecourse designed to develop awareness of the rangeof legal issues involved in public and private fund-ing of activities of a corporation. Prerequisite: Cor-porations (602). 2-3 sem. hrs.

Corporate Reorganization. (705) Study of cor-porate mergers, acquisitions, and recapitalizationof insolvent corporations, including issues relatedto taxation, securities regulation, accounting, andcreditor’s rights. Prerequisite: Corporations (602).2-3 sem. hrs.

Corporate Taxation. (623) Income taxation ofcorporations and their shareholders under the In-ternal Revenue Code. Topics include classificationof the business entity, formation of a corporationand transfer of property to an existing corporation,distributions, redemptions, stock dividends, andliquidations. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation(601). 3 sem. hrs.

Corporations. (602) Organization and promotionof corporations, distribution of power betweenmanagers and shareholders, fiduciary obligationsof managers to corporations and shareholders, andof shareholders among themselves; control of in-sider trading and profit taking, mergers, means ofprotecting shareholder rights through derivativesuits and appraisal remedies, capital structure, divi-dends and other corporate distributions; and spe-cial problems of close corporations. 4 sem. hrs.

Creditor’s Rights. (624) Problems and remediesin debtor-creditor relationship, with emphasis onremedies available under state law. Topics includeenforcement of judgments, garnishment, attach-ment, exemptions, fraudulent conveyances, com-positions, and assignments for the benefit of credi-tors. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Criminal Placement Program. (751) Place-ments made in variety of legal offices dealing withcriminal matters such as the Commonwealth Attor-ney and the Public Defender. Two-hour classroomcomponent required. Graded pass/fail. See Direc-tor of Clinical Placement Program for more details.4-6 sem. hrs.

Criminal Procedure. (603) Important problemsand cases in area of due process of law in criminalprosecutions, including the topics of arrest, searchand seizure, electronic eavesdropping, right tocounsel, police interrogations and confessions, andfair trial/free press. 3 sem. hrs.

Criminal Process. (625) Federal and Virginiaprocedures at various stages of a criminal prosecu-tion, including bail, preliminary hearings, indict-ments, discovery, speedy trial, double jeopardy,plea bargaining, jury selection, venue, and jurisdic-tion. 2 sem. hrs.

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American Legal History. (620) Topics central tothe development of American law, from the 17th

through the 20th century, including reception of En-glish law, evolution of the legal profession and le-gal education, schools of historical scholarship, andorigins of selected legal doctrines. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

Antitrust. (613) Control of private economicpower in the United States, focusing on the law re-garding monopolies, mergers, and restrictive busi-ness practices as regulated by the Sherman andClayton acts. Some attention to other federal anti-trust legislation such as the Federal Trade Commis-sion Act and state antitrust enforcement. 3 sem. hrs.

Bankruptcy. (704) Liquidation and reorganiza-tion proceedings under the federal BankruptcyCode. 3 sem. hrs.

Bioethics. (717) Seminar with primary focus onbioethical legal issues that confront society today.Among topics to be considered: distinctions, if any,between ethical and legal issues; philosophicalmodels for analyzing bioethical issues, includingdeontological models (rules and rights), theologi-cal models (utilitarian, economic), and models ofcare; informed consent and autonomy versus util-ity debate; genetic enginering; shortages of organsupply; termination of life support; quality of lifeissues; beginning care and infants; cost issues, in-cluding how much to treat; and the cost of tech-nology versus other societal values. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

Business Planning. (668) Transactional courseanalyzing corporate, tax, securities, finance, anti-trust, and accounting aspects of significant corpo-rate events. Transactions in which these issues areexamined include corporate organizations,financings, distributions and recapitulations, liqui-dations, acquisitions and mergers. Enrollment lim-ited. Prerequisite: Basic Tax, Corporations (602).2-3 sem. hrs.

Capital Murder Litigation. (736) Important is-sues arising in the trial of death penalty cases, in-cluding constitutional and statutory challenges,punishable offenses, mitigation, and jury selection.2 sem. hrs.

Children and the Law. (616) Developments inhandling juvenile problems. Emphasis on proce-dural ramifications of recent court and legislativeattempts to reform the juvenile justice system, andemerging issues in legal enforcement of children’srights. 3 sem. hrs.

Civil Placement Program. (750) Placementsmade in a variety of legal offices dealing with civilmatters such as legal aid organizations and envi-ronmental foundations. Two-hour classroom com-ponent required. Graded pass/fail. See Directorof Clinical Placement Program for more details.4-6 sem. hrs.

Commercial Paper and Payment Systems.(618) Law relating to negotiable instruments, bankdeposits and collections, and electronic moneytransfers, with emphasis on Articles 3, 4, and 4A ofthe Uniform Commercial Code, the ExpeditedFunds Availability Act, and Regulation CC. 2-3 sem.hrs.

Comparative Constitutional Law. (727) Consid-ers various constitutional models. Students in teamswill draft complete constitutions and sets of com-mentary. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writingrequirement.

Comparative Law. (714) Overview of proceduraland substantive principles of civil, Islamic and so-cialist legal traditions. Attention to historical under-pinnings of traditions and to law making and judi-cial institutions within legal systems as well as tothe principles of law. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Complex Litigation. (766) Study of legal system’sresponse to problems created by defective prod-ucts and hazardous substances that injure manypeople over a period of time (mass exposure cases)and by occurrence of harm to many people at thesame time (mass accident cases). Explores proce-dural devices and substantive rules that attempt togo beyond traditional civil litigation model and re-solve mass tort cases on a basis other than repeti-tive adjudication of the same questions. In addi-tion to an examination of significant issues raisedby mass tort litigation, course will include a num-ber of case studies of important mass tort experi-ences of last two decades, including Agent Orange,Bendectin, and the Dalkon Shield, as well as ad-ministrative alternatives to litigation or mass tortclaims. 3 sem. hrs.

Computer Law. (759) This course deals with is-sues in the age of cyberspace concerning intellec-tual property rights, privacy in electronic commu-nications, digital defamation, and freedom ofspeech in electronic transmissions. 2 sem. hrs.

Comparative Public Law of the U.S. and U.K.(694) (Offered only in the Cambridge UniversityProgram.) Examines and compares underlyingprinciples of constitutional and administrative lawin the U.S. and the U.K. 2 sem. hrs.

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counselor. Theory and underlying policy of the sys-tems for environmental risk assessment and balanc-ing are considered. Enrollment limited. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

Environmental Law: Litigation and Practice.(671) Issues treated include counseling of clientsin permitting and regulatory requirements, prepa-ration for formal and informal agency proceedings,administrative hearing practice and building arecord, appeals of agency decisions, problems ofcompliance and enforcement by administrative andjudicial action. 2 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law: Solid Waste and ToxicMaterial. (699) Focus primarily on two federalstatutes—the Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmen-tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act(CERCLA), as well as leading judicial interpretationsof the acts. In addition, complementary state lawexamined. 2 sem. hrs.

Estate and Gift Taxation. (633) Taxes imposedon testamentary and inter vivos transfers, intrica-cies of the gross estate, the marital deduction, prob-lems of joint ownership, grantor trusts under sub-part E of the Internal Revenue Code, problems invaluation. 2 sem. hrs.

Estate Planning. (634) Analysis of assets for dis-position in estate planning; estate plan by opera-tion of law; revocable inter vivos trusts as an in-strument in the estate plan; irrevocable inter vivostrusts as an instrument in the estate plan; non-trustgifts; disposition of life insurance; employee andSocial Security benefits; the will as an instrumentin the estate plan; marital deduction; use of powersof appointment; charitable dispositions; methods ofminimizing income and estate taxes while accom-plishing desired results for objects of bounty; andpreparation of instruments involved in estate plan-ning. Prerequisite: Estate and Gift Taxation (633).2 sem. hrs.

Evidence. (599) Rules of admissibility of evi-dence, including concepts of relevancy, hearsay,direct examination, cross-examination, impeach-ment, and privileges. 4 sem. hrs.

Family Law. (707) Legal problems involved in theformation and dissolution of marriage and welfareof children, including nonmarital and premaritalagreements, illegitimacy and paternity, marriage,divorce and annulment, marital support and prop-erty rights, abortion, contraception and artificialconception, intrafamily torts and domestic vio-lence, adoption, spousal and child support, child

custody, divisions of marital property, and separa-tion agreements. 3 sem. hrs.

Faulkner and the Law. (746) Designed for lawand undergraduate students interested in explor-ing William Faulkner’s fiction, particularly as it re-flects ideas concerning law, lawlessness, justice,and the role of law and lawyers in society.Instructor’s goal is to convince students thatFaulkner’s Mississippi literary world stands as thecreation of a legal commentator of the first magni-tude. Undergraduate and law students will haveseparate graded assignments. Students intriguedby Faulkner, Southern literature and history, ormulti-faceted part the law plays in fostering andfrustrating social and racial justice should findcourse of special interest. 3 sem. hrs.

Federal Income Taxation. (600) Basic provi-sions of the Internal Revenue Code including prob-lems concerning determination of gross income,the allowance of deductions and credits, methodsof accounting, deferral and the time value ofmoney, debt-financed property transactions, andconcepts of capital gains and losses. 4 sem. hrs.

Federal Jurisdiction. (636) Jurisdiction of thefederal courts over cases and controversies withinlimitations of the “federal question”; diversity ofcitizenship, amount in controversy, and removalstatutes; federal judicial control over state admin-istrative and judicial proceedings, including directfederal review, injunctions and abstention, and ha-beas corpus; and choice of law in federal courts.3 sem. hrs.

Fiduciary Administration. (663) (Offered ir-regularly.) Covers probate administration and thedrafting and administration of trusts. Prerequisite:Wills and Trusts I (606). 2 sem. hrs.

First Amendment Law. (676) Focuses on thescope of freedoms of speech, press, religion, andassembly and the protection they offer from gov-ernment interference. Views of these liberties con-temporaneous with ratification of the First Amend-ment are examined, as are theories contributing tosubsequent development of related Constitutionaldoctrine. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Franchising and Distribution Law. (734)Applies principles derived from contract and tortlaw, antitrust, securities regulation, administrativelaw, trademark and licensing law, to study meth-ods and regulation of franchising and distribution.2 sem. hrs.

Government Contracts. (639) Survey of govern-ment procurement law, with emphasis on uniquefeatures of government contracts, rules and prac-

Delinquency Clinic. (753) Students advocate onbehalf of children appearing before area juvenilecourts. In the majority of cases, students serve asdefense counsel for youth accused of delinquency(criminal) offenses. Students are also occasionallyassigned to work or other cases which involvechildren`s issues such as abuse and neglect or cus-tody. 6 sem. hrs.

Disability Law Clinic. (755) The clinic repre-sents youth with mental disabilities. Law studentsrepresent children and parents seeking appropri-ate special education and community-based ser-vices mandated by both federal and state law. Stu-dents also represent youth with mental disabilitieswho are incarcerated or institutionalized. Theymay also act as guardians-ad-litem for children withmental health needs in the justice system. 6 sem.hrs.

Education Law. (627) Legal issues surroundingeducation in grades K through 12, including com-pulsory schooling, use of tax credits and othermeans of financing education, religion in theschools, textbook review, freedom of expressionissues, due process and discipline, and compe-tency role in education. 2 sem. hrs.

Elder Law. (619) Legal issues in advising elderlyclients, including powers of attorney, living wills,advance medical directives, inter vivos trusts, Uni-form Custodial Trust Act, Social Security, Medicareand other health-related matters, Supplemental Se-curity Income, Medicaid, planning to avoid loss ofassets in the event of long-term illness, and prob-lems of legal incompetency. Prerequisite: Wills andTrusts I (606). 2 sem. hrs.

Employee Benefits and Deferred Compensa-tion. (630) (Offered irregularly.) Introduction tofederal tax and labor laws relating to the design,operation, termination, and distribution of benefitsfrom qualified and nonqualified employee welfareand benefit plans, such as profit-sharing, moneypurchase, defined benefit, employee stock bonusand stock ownership plans; and federal tax lawsrelating to stock option and deferred compensationplans. 2 sem. hrs.

Employment Discrimination Law. (628) Analy-sis of theories underlying employment discrimina-tion law. Examination of the various statutes pro-hibiting discrimination in employment, includingTitle VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Age Dis-crimination in Employment Act, Americans withDisabilities Act, Civil Rights Act of 1866, and thejudicial interpretation of those statutes. 3 sem. hrs.

The Employment Relation. (629) Analysis ofstatutory and common law regulation of the em-ployment relationship, including employer testingand information gathering, wage and hour regula-tion, OSHA, workers compensation, wrongful dis-charge and other common law actions challengingdischarge, unemployment compensation, andERISA. Consideration of what role the law shouldplay in various aspects of the employment relation-ship. 3 sem. hrs.

Energy Law. (666) (Offered irregularly.) Thiscourse examines the statutory schemes for devel-opment and control of fossil and non-fossil fuel al-ternatives (including renewable power, energyefficiency and energy conservation), regulatoryreform and competition in the electric utilityindustry, and the impact of environmental, safetyand economic regulation on the energy industry.2 sem. hrs.

Entertainment Law. (700) Issues of law andpolicy affecting the entertainment industry. 2 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law: Coastal Zone Manage-ment Seminar. (673) Examines the conflicts inresource allocation within the coastal zone. Enroll-ment limited. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writ-ing requirement.

Environmental Law: Control of Water Re-sources. (601) This class addresses the FederalWater Pollution Control Act (FWPCA)—its struc-ture, regulations, amendments, and economic im-plications. 2 sem. hrs.

Environmental Dispute Resolution. (724) Thiscourse focuses on the use of alternative disputeresolution (ADR) techniques, such as mediation,negotiated rulemaking, and arbitration in resolvingenvironmental disputes. Review of perspectives ondispute resolution. Emphasis is on ADR experiencewith problems arising under state and federal stat-utes governing the disposal of solid and hazardouswaste, such as recycling and siting of waste dis-posal facilities. Enrollment limited. 2 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law: Implementing PublicPolicy. (715) Students familiarize themselves witha major federal environmental statute at variousstages: perceived public need, early legislative pro-posals, drafting, enactment, regulation, implemen-tation, judicial interpretation, and reauthorization.2-3 sem. hrs.

Environmental Law: Environmental Jurispru-dence. (697) Contemporary environmental prob-lems and legal, political, legislative, and adminis-trative responses to them, including the lawyer’srole as policymaker as opposed to advocate or

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Labor Arbitration. (709) Examination of enforce-ment of collective bargaining agreements throughgrievance and arbitration process, including arbi-tration procedures, arbitration decisions and judi-cial enforcement of arbitration agreements. Con-centration on development of arbitration skills. Par-ticipation in mock arbitrations as both advocatesand arbitrators, including preparing for hearings,presenting cases, writing post-hearing briefs, andwriting arbitration awards. Enrollment limited. Pre-requisite: Labor Law (644) or Public Sector LaborLaw (698). 2 sem. hrs.

Labor Law. (644) Analysis of origin and scope ofNational Labor Relations Act, and role of the Na-tional Labor Relations Board and the courts in in-terpreting the statute. Focus on right of employeesto organize unions, choice of bargaining represen-tative, strikes and picketing, and negotiation andenforcement of collective bargaining agreement. 3sem. hrs.

Land Use Planning. (645) Government control ofuse of land and eminent domain. Zoning, subdivi-sion control, and urban redevelopment and plan-ning. 3 sem. hrs.

Law and Economics. (749) 2 sem. hrs.

Law and Medicine. (646) (Offered irregularly.)Topics include tort liability of the physician; prob-lems of abortion, artificial insemination, voluntarysterilization, and euthanasia. 2 sem. hrs.

Law Politics and Selected Topics in Constitu-tional Law. (604) Examination of selected topicsin constitutional law, using a seminar format. Pre-cise topics covered vary from year to year. 2 sem.hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Law and Psychiatry. (647) (Offered irregularly.)Seminar examining legal issues interfacing mentalhealth and psychiatry. Topics include criteria forcivil commitment, testamentary capacity, compe-tency to stand trial and the insanity defense, confi-dentiality, sexual psychopath laws, right to treat-ment and right to refuse treatment, traumatic neu-rosis, and prediction of dangerousness. Enrollmentlimited. 2 sem. hrs.

Law and Religion. (730) Explores relationship ofreligion to law, including historical development oflaw provided by early religious codes. Major atten-tion given to conflicts created when religious codesand practices conflict with legal authority. 2 sem.hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Law of the European Union. (693) Surveys in-stitutions of the EC, and examines substantive prin-ciples of EC law and their integration into the legalsystems of member countries. 2 sem. hrs.

Law Office Management. (648) Will focus onmany of the practical, non-legal aspects of lawpractice to include information on financial man-agement, administration, technology, insurance,marketing and issues related to the firm owners in-cluding compensation and agreements. Guest pre-senters will be experts in their particular fields whowill share practical experiences in their respectiveareas. 1 sem. hr.

Legal Accounting. (649) Accounting techniques,including analysis of the income statement, balancesheet, cash flow and related financial reports, in-cluding the preparation of notes to financial state-ments; also includes tax accounting, reports tostockholders, and reports to management. 2 sem. hrs.

Legal Drafting Seminar. (650) Analysis andmethodology of sound legal drafting techniques.Emphasis may vary from semester to semester. As-signments include drafting of contracts, separationagreements, articles of incorporation, leases, willsand trusts, and some litigation documents. Enroll-ment limited. 2 sem. hrs.

Legal History. (592) Development of legal insti-tutions using historical perspective to help under-stand reasons for apparent anomalies in our legalsystem, such as distinctions between law and eq-uity, crime and tort, and to aid decisions of law re-form. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Legal History Seminar. (712) Various topics ofmodern law are explored in historical perspectivein order to understand nature of the developmentof law in general and of some specific area inparticular. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writingrequirement.

Legislation. (728) Overview of statutory interpre-tation and creation of public policy through legis-lation. Topics include procedures of statute cre-ation, role of interest groups, various competingmodels or theories of the legislative process. In ad-dition, consideration of doctrines and theories ofinterpreting statutes, including rules, presumptions,and canons of interpretation. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Local Government Law. (652) (Offered irregu-larly.) Legal implications of the formation and con-duct of various units of local government, address-ing subjects such as annexation and incorporation,municipal powers, governmental immunity, Sec-tion 1983, and taxation and finance. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Mass Media Law. (739) An in-depth explorationof legal issues relating to the regulation of massmedia, with an emphasis on law and its relation-ship to journalism, including such topics as the re-

tices relative to contracts between government andprivate parties, methods available to obtain legalrelief in contract award disputes, and legal prob-lems that most frequently arise during performanceof government contracts. 2 sem. hrs.

Health Care Law. (680) Selected issues in thehealth care delivery system, including health careplanning, certificate of need procedures, Medicare-Medicaid reimbursement, and malpractice. 2-3sem. hrs.

Human Rights Seminar. (667) A general intro-duction to international human rights. Issues cov-ered include nature of concept of human rights;origin and development of the International Bill ofRights; thematic procedures available for protectionof human rights in the United Nations; standardsand methods for international fact finding on hu-man rights; cultural relativity in human rights law;implementation of the International Covenants onSocial; Economic and Cultural Rights in the UnitedStates; the Inter-American Human Rights Process;and the ability of the United States to impact hu-man rights in third world countries. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

Immigration Law. (758) Explores the philo-sophical foundations of immigration law, admis-sion and exclusion, deportation and relief from de-portation, refugees and asylum law. 2 sem. hrs.

Insurance Law. (640) Meaning of insurance andits historical development; framework of insuranceindustry within the scope of government regula-tion; insurance contract interpretation; warranties,representations, concealment and exceptions asapplied to selection and control of insurable risks;waiver, estoppel, and reformation; indemnity andsubrogation; and selected problems with insurableinterest in property, liability, and life insurance. 3sem. hrs.

Intellectual Property. (641) Introduction to thelaw governing the securing and exploitation ofproperty and other rights in ideas, as they may beprotected by patents, copyrights, trademarks, andthe common law. 2-3 sem. hrs.

International Business Practice. (756) Students,under supervision of faculty, work in teams withMBA students from various graduate businessschools, to counsel actual business clients regard-ing the feasibility of prospective plans to expandthe products and services of the client into inter-national markets. The program is offered in con-junction with the Virginia Department of EconomicDevelopment, and gives students first-hand expe-rience in dealing with typical international legal

problems and challenges facing businesses. SeeDirector of Clinical Placement Program for moredetails. 4 sem. hrs.

International Business Transactions. (642)Problems in international trade and investment;regulation of international trade by national gov-ernments and international agencies. Emphasis onlawyer’s role in counseling firms engaged in inter-national activities. 3 sem. hrs.

International Law. (643) Basic principles, includ-ing sources of international law, settlement of in-ternational disputes, responsibilities and immuni-ties of sovereign states, human rights, and the ma-chinery of international law and justice. 3 sem. hrs.

International Taxation. (685) (Offered irregu-larly.) United States tax law relating to foreign in-come and foreign taxpayers, including tax aspectsof U.S. corporations and individuals doing businessabroad, taxation of nonresident aliens and foreigncorporations, foreign tax credits, and U.S. tax trea-ties. Emphasis on interpretation and application ofU.S. income tax rules with tax planning of trans-national transactions also considered. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Interviewing and Counseling. (670) In-depthanalysis of pre-trial lawyering skills using interdis-ciplinary materials. Explores interpersonal relation-ships, focusing on role of attorney in relation to cli-ent, the legal system (including other attorneys),and society. Classroom discussion, and develop-ment of own skills through weekly audio- and vid-eotaped simulations. Enrollment limited. 2 sem. hrs.

Islam, Law and Society. (653) Focus on basic el-ements of Islamic jurisprudence as articulated bybasic Islamic texts. In presenting and discussingthese elements, attention drawn to the rich diver-sity of interpretations of these elements and theircorollaries that have been generated throughoutthe ages. Some interpretations as embodied inpresent-day legal systems will be critically evalu-ated in light of certain concepts with which stu-dents are familiar. 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-yearwriting requirement.

Judicial Placement Program. (752) Placementsmade in a variety of judges’ offices, including stateand federal courts.Two-hour classroom componentrequired. Graded pass/fail. See Director of ClinicalPlacement Program for more details. 4-6 sem. hrs.

Jurisprudence. (590) Intensive study of selectedschools of legal philosophy, including attention toanalytical jurisprudence and positive law, theoriesof justice, and sociological jurisprudence. 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

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dents who have taken Sales, Leases and SecuredTransactions (722) may not enroll in this course.2-3 sem. hrs.

Scientific Evidence. (657) Technical and legal as-pects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and crimi-nal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lec-turers. 2 sem. hrs.

Secured Transactions. (677) Commercial trans-actions involving personal property under Article9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, with focus onfinancing transactions. 3 sem. hrs.

Securities Regulation. (658) Legislation andregulation affecting issuance and trading of corpo-rate securities, especially Securities Act of 1933, Se-curities Exchange Act of 1934, and other federallegislation. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Selected Issues in European Union Law. (769)2 or 3 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing re-quirement.

Selected Issues in Evidence. (731) Advancedstudy of various issues in the law of evidence. Maycover various topics, including privilege, impeach-ment, expert testimony, and hearsay and its excep-tions. Prerequisite: Evidence (599). 2 sem. hrs.Meets third-year writing requirement.

Selected Problems in Private InternationalLaw. (681) Examines various approaches to theresolution of disputes which arise out of interna-tional commercial transactions. 2 sem. hrs.

Selected Issues in Public International Law.(719) (Offered only in Cambridge.) Considerationof various discrete issues of public internationallaw, including statehood, boundaries, the law ofwar, jurisdiction and state responsibility, and theirrelation to municipal law. 2 sem. hrs.

Selected Topics. (699) The Law School generallyoffers at least one course that may be offered onlyone time. These courses are in an area of specialinterest to a faculty member. Often this course isin conjunction with the Allen Chair which providesfor bringing four or five distinguished visitors to thecampus for a week at a time to co-teach the course.Details are provided in registration materials. De-pending on particular offering, this course maymeet the third-year writing requirement. 2-3sem. hrs.

Sexual Orientation and the Law. (740) Seminarexamines legal rights of lesbians and gay men. Ex-plores concept of sexual orientation, and legalsystem’s regulation of life experiences of lesbiansand gay men, including sexuality, expressions of

identity, public and private employment, same-sexrelationships, and parenting. 2 sem. hrs. Meetsthird-year writing requirement.

Sport and Law. (690) Survey of law relating toprofessional, college, and amateur sports. Includesprofessional player contracts and their enforceabil-ity through arbitration and litigation, role of playeragents in professional sports, application of anti-trust laws to professional leagues and player re-straints, player discipline mechanisms, role ofplayer associations as labor organizations in collec-tive bargaining, and federal income taxation ofsports activities. Also covered is regulation of ama-teur athletics, including Title IX, role of NCAA, aswell as tort and criminal law issues. 2 sem. hrs.

State and Local Tax. (661) Major issues arisingunder principal forms of state and local taxation:corporate franchise and income taxation, sales, use,gross receipts, property, personal income, anddeath taxes. Federal constitutional limitations onstate taxation and congressional legislation affect-ing state taxation on interstate commerce. 3 sem. hrs.

Taxation of Exempt Organizations. (615) (Of-fered irregularly.) Examines historical develop-ment, nature, formation, classification, operation,and governance of nonprofit organizations underboth state and federal law. Particular emphasisgiven to state corporate law and federal tax exemp-tion issues including status of the Model NonprofitCorporation Act; responsibilities and liabilities ofdirectors, officers, and volunteers; financial man-agement; difference between federal income taxtreatment of various charities and public and pri-vate foundations; public policy issues involvingcommercial, lobbying and other political activities;and constitutional issues involving nonprofit orga-nizations. 2-3 sem. hrs.

Taxation of Non-Corporate Entities. (635) Na-ture and formation of a partnership; taxation ofpartnership income; transactions between relatedparties; termination of partnership; sale of partner-ship interest; distribution by partnership; specialbasis adjustment; distribution to retiring or de-ceased partners. Also includes treatment of pass-through entities. Prerequisite: Federal IncomeTaxation (600). 2-3 sem. hrs.

Tax Policy Seminar. (674) Examination of eco-nomic, political, and social goals of well-designedtax system. Analysis of selected topics in designof an income tax and consideration of alternativetax systems, including consumption-based tax. 2sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

C U R R I C U L U M

lationship of journalists to sources of news, mediaaccess to government information and institutions.Libel, invasion of privacy, infliction of emotionaldistress, the right of publicity, torts relating to thenewsgathering process, regulation of radio andtelevision content, and free speech issues relevantto the Internet. 3 sem. hrs.

Medical Malpractice. (762) Liability of physicianfor injuries arising out of the physician-patient re-lationship. Includes coverage of standard of care,causation, informed consent, intentional torts, andrecoverable damages. 2 sem. hrs.

Military Law. (683) Military criminal and admin-istrative law with emphasis on the Uniform Codeof Military Justice and special procedures of courts-martial. 2 sem. hrs.

National Security Law. (735) Critical and de-scriptive study of interplay between law and na-tional security, both on domestic and internationalfronts. Coverage includes questions of internationaland constitutuional law concerning war, peace-keeping, use of force, intelligence collection, andenvironmental policy. 2 sem. hrs.

Negotiation. (672) In-depth analysis of theoriesand tactics of negotiations. Fosters student’s nego-tiating skills through classroom discussions andsimulations. 2 sem. hrs.

Political and Civil Rights. (686) Examines per-sonal, non-constitutional federal rights, includingthose related to voting, housing, and handicappedpersons. Also considers litigation process for re-dressing civil rights violations by damage award orcourt order, and systems for public reimbursement.2 sem. hrs.

Prisoner Litigation. (684) (Offered irregularly.)Considers prisoner challenges in state and federalcourts to conviction, sentences, and terms of con-finement. 2 sem. hrs.

Products Liability Law. (654) Law of defectiveproducts under theories of negligence, strict liabil-ity, misrepresentation and breach of warranty un-der Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code.Covers defective manufacture, design and market-ing, limitations on product defectiveness, causationissues, affirmative defenses, damages, and transac-tions in chain of product distribution. 3 sem. hrs.

Public Sector Labor Law. (698) Examination ofstatutory and constitutional employment rights ofpublic employees in federal, state, and local gov-ernment. Concentration on legal framework forunion organization and collective bargaining rights

of public employees. Comparative analysis of vari-ous approaches to government employee rights,including analysis of relevant public policy issues.3 sem. hrs.

Race, Religion and the Law. (765) Course fo-cuses on the intersection of race and religion, andtheir impact on the law as expressed in Americanjudicial decisions. To facilitate this inquiry, thecourse furnishes historical background regardingthe evolution of the concept of race in Western so-cieties, especially Europe and the United States. 3sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing require-ment.

Regulated Industries. (732) Includes govern-ment regulation and deregulation of such indus-tries as electric, gas, transportation, and telephoneindustries, with emphasis on legal and economicconcepts of regulation, relationship between fed-eral and state regulatory requirements, setting ofpublic utility rates, and interface between regula-tion and antitrust laws. 2 sem. hrs.

Regulation of Financial Institutions. (678) (Of-fered irregularly.) State and federal regulation ofcommercial banks, savings and loan associations(stock and mutual), credit unions, and other finan-cial institutions. Study of regulating agencies, in-cluding the Federal Reserve, Controller of the Cur-rency, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Fed-eral Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, statebanking commissions, and how they regulate for-mation, operation (services and investments), re-organization, and dissolution of financial institu-tions. 2 sem. hrs.

Remedies. (656) Court-dispensed legal and equi-table relief awarded to protect and compensate forinvasions, or threatened invasions, of variety of as-sets such as real property, tangible personal prop-erty, contract rights and other intangible property,and to protect and compensate for personal harms.3 sem. hrs.

Research. (796) Independent research on ap-proved selected topics. Topic must be approved inwriting prior to registration by the Associate Deanand by the instructor under whose supervision theresearch is conducted. 1-3 sem. hrs. Limit of 3 se-mester hours total for independent researchprojects. Meets third-year writing require-ment, minimum 2 hours.

Sales and Leases. (675) Sales and leases of per-sonal property under Articles 2 and 2A of theUniform Commercial Code, including contract for-mation and terms, warranties, and remedies. Stu-

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Tax Procedure. (702) (Offered irregularly.) Ex-plores role of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) incivil tax collection process. Subjects to be coveredinclude application of such administrative law prin-ciples as delegation, discretion, rulemaking, in-spections, confidentiality/disclosure, due process,and judicial review. Role of tax practitioner andhis or her relationship to taxpayer and the IRS willalso be explored. 2 sem. hrs.

Theory of the Modern Corporation. (605) Fo-cuses on legal and economic issues confronted bythe corporation in modern society. Topics exam-ined vary from year to year, but may include an ex-amination of theoretical rationale of the corporatemodel; a re-evaluation of conceptual foundation ofthe corporation as model for business organization;analysis of current corporate governance issues,including duties and responsibilities of officers anddirectors, role of institutional investors, and execu-tive compensation; shareholder proposals; exami-nation of consequences of the divorce of corpo-rate control from ownership; responsibilities ofcorporation to its shareholders, labor, consumers,general public, and government; role of the corpo-rate lawyer, with focus on ethical issues; and re-spective roles of state and federal law. Prerequi-site: Corporations (602). 2 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Trademark Law. (768) Course is intended to en-courage students to become familiar with the aca-demic principles of trademark law and to providepractical instruction on haw to handle a trademarkpractice. 2 sem. hrs.

Urban Environmental Law. (757) This courseexamines how state and federal environmentallaws attempt to protect the urban environment.Topics include “brownfields” (redevelopment ofabandoned contaminated sites in cities), the con-trol of stormwater and combined sewer overflowpollution, the relationship of transportation and airpollution, and “urban environmental justice.” En-rollment limited. 3 sem. hrs. Meets third-yearwriting requirement.

Virginia Procedure. (664) All aspects of Virginiacivil procedure and practice, including out-of-courtsettlements, arbitration, court system, jurisdiction,process, appearances, venue, parties, pleading, dis-covery, juries, motions and incidents of trial, ver-dicts, judgments, motions after judgment, appeals,enforcement of judgments, etc. Builds on first-year

civil procedure course by giving specific Virginiasolutions to general problems of procedure; can inturn be used as foundation for third-year coursesin trial tactics and clinical courses involving litiga-tion in court. 3 sem. hrs.

White Collar Crime Seminar. (687) Examina-tion of substantive federal criminal statutes involv-ing fraud (mail, wire, bank, or tax), racketeering,obstruction of justice, money laundering, or envi-ronmental crime. Other topics like conspiracy, cor-porate criminal liability and Federal SentencingGuidelines are discussed. Also considers substan-tive and procedural issues related to the grand jury.2 sem. hrs.

Wills and Trusts I. (606) Intestate succession;protection of decedent’s family; community prop-erty; components, execution, revocation, republi-cation and revival of wills; will contracts; willsubstitutes; nature, use, creation, elements, alien-ability, and termination of private trusts; introduc-tion to charitable resulting trusts and constructivetrusts. 3-4 sem. hrs.

Wills and Trusts II. (637) Probate and contest ofwills; granting administration in intestate estates;ancillary administration; probate avoidance; quali-fication, selection, appointment and removal of ex-ecutors, administrators and trustees; rights, dutiesand liabilities of fiduciaries; rights of beneficiaries;assets of estates; management of estates; claimsagainst estates; interpretation and construction ofdispositive provisions in wills and trusts; powers ofappointment; distribution of decedents’ estates; ter-mination of trusts; and The Rule Against Perpetu-ities. Pre- or corequisite: Wills and Trusts I (606).3-4 sem. hrs.

Womanist Theory and the Institution of Law.(701) Explores underpinnings of traditional legalanalysis by constructing alternative approaches forframing and examining legal problems. Language,principles, and techniques of traditional legalanalysis examined to see if they are universal, ob-jective, and neutral. Considers whether traditionallegal analysis takes into account real lives of vastarray of women, including those with disabilities,women of color, lesbians, the poor, and the illiter-ate. Enrollment limited. 3 sem. hrs. Meets third-year writing requirement.

Numerical Key

1 — The E. Claiborne RobinsSchool of Business

2 — Ryland Hall3a — Maryland Hall3b — Richmond Hall3c — Puryear Hall4 — Tyler Haynes Commons5 — Boatwright Library6 — Virginia Baptist Historical

Society7 — Thomas Memorial Hall8 — Political Science8 — University Post Office9 — Wood Memorial Hall10 — Freeman Hall11 — Marsh Hall12 — Moore Memorial Hall13 — Dennis Memorial Hall14 — Robins Memorial Hall

15 — Jeter Memorial Hall16 — Millhiser Memorial

Gymnasium17 — Jepson Hall18 — Brunet Memorial Hall19 — University of Richmond

School of Law20 — Soccer/Track Complex21 — Law Residence Hall21a — International House22 & 24 — Fraternity Lodges23 — Robins Center23 — Robins Center Pool25 — Pitt Baseball Field26 — Power Plant27 — Physical Plant28 — Printing Office29 — University Forest

Apartments31 — Special Programs Building32 — Lora Robins Court

33 — Deanery33 — Thalhimer Guest Cottage34 — Heilman Dining Center35 — Gottwald Science Center36 — Cannon Memorial Chapel37 — Wilton Center for

Interfaith CampusMinistries

38 — Modlin Center for the Arts38 — Booker Hall of Music38 — Camp Concert Hall39 — Gray Court40 — North Court40 — Perkinson Recital Hall41 — Jenkins Greek Theatre42 — South Court43 — Keller Hall44 — President’s Home49 — Jepson Alumni Center50 — Modlin Center for the Arts51 — Whitehurst

Location of Departments

Admission —Business Business 1Graduate, Liberal Arts Boatwright 5Jepson School Jepson 17Law Law 19Richmond College Brunet 18Westhampton College Brunet 18School of Continuing Studies Special Pgms 31

Academic Departments —Accounting Business 1Art and Art History Modlin 50Biology Science 35Chemistry Science 35Classical Studies North Court 40Computer Science Jepson 17Economics Business 1Education North Court 40English Ryland 2Finance Business 1Health and Sport Science Robins Center 23History Ryland 2International Studies Boatwright 5Journalism Ryland 2Management Systems Business 1Marketing Business 1Mathematics Jepson 17Military Science Millhiser 16Modern Languages & Literatures Puryear 3cMusic Booker 38Philosophy North Court 40Physical Education Robins Center 23Physics Science 35Political Science Pol Sci 8Psychology Richmond 3bReligion North Court 40Rhetoric and Communication Studies Booker 38Sociology Puryear 3cTheatre and Dance Booker 38

Alumni Center Jepson Alumni 49Athletic Tickets Robins Center 23Bookstore Commons 4Career Development Center Richmond 3bChaplain Wilton Center 37Dean’s Offices —

Arts and Sciences Boatwright 5Business Business 1Graduate, Liberal Arts Boatwright 5Jepson School Jepson 17Law Law 19Richmond College Whitehurst 51Westhampton College Deanery 33School of Continuing Studies Special Pgms 31

Advancement Maryland 3aFinancial Aid Brunet 18Housing —

Law Law 19Men, Undergraduate Whitehurst 51Women, Undergraduate Deanery 33Health Center, Student Special Pgms 31International Education Boatwright 5

Libraries —Boatwright (Main) Boatwright 5Law Law 19Music Booker 38Science Science 35

Management Institute Special Pgms 31Payments, Student Accounts Brunet 18Police, Campus Special Pgms 31Post Office Pol Sci 8President Maryland 3aRegistrar Brunet 16Student Affairs Commons 4Summer School Special Pgms 31University Computing Jepson 17University Relations Maryland 3a

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