AD

REPORT No. J-253-6 (Final Report)CD

GRNTNo. DA-ORD-AFE-S92-544-68-G105

FILARIASIS STUDIES IN MINDANAO ISLAND

by

Benjamin D. Cabrera, M.D., M.P.H. (T.M.)

Professor and ChairmanDepartment of ParasitologyInstitute of HygieneUniversity of the PhilippinesManila, Philippines

January 1969

U. S. ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GROUPFAR EAST

APO San Francisco 95343

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PROPOSAL No. J-253-6 (Final Report)

GRANT No. DA-CRD-AFE-S92-544-68-G'05

DA Project/Task Area/Work Unit No. 3AO14501A71Q 02 037FE

FILARIASIS STUDIES IN MINDAN&O ISLAND

by

Benjamin D. Gbrera, M.D., M.P.H.(T.M.)

Professor and ChairmanDepartment of Parasitology

SInstitute of HygieneUniversity of the PhilippinesManila, Philippines

January 1969

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GROUPFAR EAST

APO San Francisco 96343

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the endemic areasfor mftlayan filariasis in the island of Mindanao by mans of spot or so-lective surveys. Night blood smears were taken from individuals whosedwellings are located close to fresh water swamps which are ideal breeding

2 places for the vector msquitoes. Giemsa-stained blood smears were sentby air for examination at the Institute of Hygiene. The most relevantfinding in this study is the finding of an endemic focus for Bruia majli(malayan filariasis) in four municipalities of the province of Agusan.Out of 2,034 persons oxamined, a total of 25 a. malayi cases (1.2 percent)were found from Agusan. This finding coupled with the presence in the areaof fresh water swamps we my safely state that we have found the third en-demic focus fnr malayan fllari aisis in the Republic of the Philippines.Although we found 4 soatto red B malavi cases from North Davan we are notconvinced that the area is endemic for malayan filariasis. It is verypessible that infection c-uld have been cnntracted from Agusan being Justadjacent to Nerth Davan. Future investigators should always try to dif-ferontiqte filariasis caused by H. bancrnfti frm that caused by B. mqlqyiparticularly in Agusan and north Davao. Epidemil-gical observations inpast surveys ^ n W. tancrnfti were confirmod, such as: correlation of abacaindustry and endemicity of bancreftian filariasis; higher prevalence amongmales than femlus; higher in Plder than in younger age groups.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Materials and Methods 2

Results 3

Discussion 10

Summary and Conclusion 11

Acknewledgment 12

Literature Cited 13

Appendix

Figure 1. Provinces of Mindanao Island. 14

Figuro 2. Climate Map of Mindanao. 15

Figure 3. Map of Agusan Province, Mindanao. 16

Figure 4. Filaria Prevalence Rate by Municipality,Mindanao, 1968. 17

Figure 5. Filaria Prevalence Pates by Age and Sex,Mindanao, 1968. 18

Figure 6. Relationship Between Prevalence Rate (BethSexes) and R= Female Prevalence Rate/MalePrevalence Rate. 20

Figure 7. Relationship Between Filaria Prevalence Rateand Extent of Abaoa Plantation in Percent ofAvailable Farm Area, Mindanao. 20

Figure 8. Log-Pre'bit Regression Lines of CumulativePercentage Distributions of MiorefilarialDensity for Four Provinces of Mindanao,By Sex, 1968. 21

Figure 9. Lng-Probit Regression Lines -f CumulativePercentage Distributions of MieoefilarialDensity (H. b ft) for Five Prnvinces,Mindanar, 1968 23

Figure 10. Filaria Prevalence Rates and Extent of AbacaPlantation in the Provinces of Mindanao Island. 24

Table 1. Filaria Prevalence Rates by Sex and Province,

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Page

Table 2. FilariR Prevalence Rtes by Age, Scx andProvince, Mindanac, 1968. 28

Table 3. Proportion Positive For Filaria and the Ratio(R) of Prevalence Rates Between Sexes in Munici-palities Surveyed, Mindanao, 1968. 31

Table 4. Filaria Prevalence Rates and Extent of AbacaPlantAtion in Percent of Available Farm Area,By Municipality, Mindanao. 32

Table 5. Filaria Prevalence Rates Rnd Extent of AbacaPlantation in Percent of Available Farm Areaby Province, Mindanao. 36

Table 6. Average Micrnfilarial Density (20 mm3 ) By Age,Sex and Province, Mindanan, 1968. 37

Table 7. Distribution of Cases by Intensity of Micro-filaremia, Mindanao, 1968. 39

Table 8. Micrnfilarial Density of Cases Per 20 rm3 Blood,By Sex, Mindana,, 1968. 40

Table 9. Microfilarermia Pates and Some Values ObtainedFrr 'he Frequency Distribution of Micrftfila-rial Densitr,, By Prnvince, Mindanao, 1968. 44

Table 10. Average Micrmfilarial Densities For B. malaviBy Ago, Palawan, Sulu and Agusan, 19;5, 17and 1968. 45

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INTRODUCTION

Ever since we reported the existence of filariasis caused by Bruiamalavi in the Philippines, it has always boon the desire to determine allthe endemic foci for this typo of filariasis in the entire country. Afterwe found the first endemic focus in the island of Palawan, we have somehow

correlated the existence of malayan filariasis in this area to its nearness

probably to orneo which has been previously found endemic for this dis-

ease(l, 2, 3). Hence, the next mat logical areas for survey would beSulu archipelago and Mindanao island which are both situated at the south-

ernmost portion of the Philippine archipelago. In our previous work under

Contract No. DA-CRD-AG-592-544-66-G60, we were forturate to discover the

second erdemic focus for rmlayan filariasis in the municipality of Bongio

of Sulu archipelago(4). Geographically speaking,, the only remaining pr6-

bable endemic focus would be in the island of Mindanao.

Mindanao is the second largest island in the Republic of the Philip-

pines, the first being Luzon. It is as big as Portugal and bigger than'.

Austria. Except for a narrow neck near the north central area, Mindanao

would be two islands. The eastern portion is about 380 kilometers east to

west and 525 kiloeters north to soubh. The western portion is about 300

kilometers long and 100 kilometers wide. The total land area of Mindanao

island is approximately 9,869,000 hectares, unevenly divided amwng the 5

provinces composed of several towns and sitims. The three largest pro-vinoes are Cotabato, Davac and Agusan (Fig. 1)(5).

The estimated population of Mindanao is 5,976,000 as of the 1965Bureau of the Census and Statistics estimate. It appears that some prr-s

rinces are inhabited by original indigenous tribes as well as immigrants

coming from Luson and the Visayapt who number 631,000 and are settled mostlyin COtabato and Davar. As to the original indigenous tribes, met of them

belong to the *Muslim' or Mohammedan population of the Philippines with an

estimated overall number of 1-1/2 illi-n. The various indigenous tribes

are the Taesugs of Zamb-.reta and Davwar, Maranaes of Lanai, Samals of Zpm-

beanga, Sangils of Davar and COtabato, Guinbahanon rr hill people living

In the interior rf the island and the Maguindnams living along shores andvalleys of Cotabato( 6 ).

The principal industries are logging, mini,.;, cattle raising and fish-

ing. Their impnrtant agricultural prnducts are rice, Orn, cocenuts, asaca

(hmp), rubber, sugar Cane, fruits, offee and vegetables. The are ire

outside the typhnnn belt and there is n, 9.xtrem dry soason. The aver

rainfall is 93 inches per year with a peak of 10.30 inches in Doombor and

a low of 5.6 inches during February, March and April. As shown from tho

climate map (Fig. 2), the major portion of the area falls under the foitbtyp with a rainfall mre -r lose evenly distributed thrugh Eut the year.

The entire northeastorn rena and mst of tbe eastern part are classified

under type 2. & relatively small portion in the north central region and

the western peninsula is classified as typo 3(5, 7).

Of the P rvinces in HindanaR the provLnce of gusan has the Wot."

numor of fresh water swamps. Butuan City which is the capital of the prn-

vine is lecated at the muth of the Agusan river. This river Is on of

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the throe large rivers in the Philippines, with Cagayan river in Luznn be-ing the largest. Agusan valley has ab-ut 300 millimters mwre rainfall ayear than Cagayan Valley in Luzrn. There is actually nn real dry season,abrut 325 rainy days are distributed ,ver the wholo year. The valley Islw and wet and the air is damp all the year rnund. Muntains surreund thevalley, fr m which many streams flrw into the main Agusan river (Fig. 3).

The inhabitants ^f Agusan are mnstly Visayens and the minority areIlcanes. HalfwRy up the walley is the swamp region. It is cavered withtrees and plants that grow in water or wet ground. These swamps are causedby the sinking of the bottom of the valley.

The principal nbjective in the present study is to determine the exis-tence Pf malayan filarinsis in the island Pf Mindanan, and if present, tndetermine the extent 'f the disease. It is not our intention tr make anoxtonsive surv y of bancr-ftian filariasis in Mindanao-, but rather to limitthe work to the search for n malavi endemic area or areas. The pre-sence of a Unit of Filariasis Contrrl Services --f the Department of Healthin Dava^ is charged with the survey of filariasis in all provinces nfHealth Rebion 8 in Mindanao.

MATERIALS AD MTHODS

Based on rur previous experiences in Palawan and Sulu, which are thefirst and sec-nd endemic foci respectively 'f malsyan filariasis in thePhilippines, the survey in Mindanao island is of the selective type aoerrd-ing tp the presence or Rbsence of swampy areas in the lacality. Theseswampy areas are ideal brooding places for Mansrnia Prsquit'os which havebeen incriminated as the vectors of r.alayan filariasis in the Philippinesand in Malaysia(2, 8).

Blod survey proceduresThe technics upleyod in tho prepsratinn of blE'c aware ceniit "f

two thick blaad fils froM a finger puncture, approximtoly 20 =3 each'smear on a clean, ordinary glass slide p r subject. Stoars wore dried evor-night and stained in the wmrnind with dilute Uiomsa aooerding to the uthdof ilson(9). Vo emleyed varieus mwthrds of rbtaining blwd from the In-habitants depinding upon tho maeo nd ordor situatiftn in the 1"ovalitv..Whonewer pssible, the inhabitants wore requested to assomblo in certaindosignnted places not oarlior than 1800 hirs. Hwvo#r, in placos whoa'ponplo wore not as woorrti e, empl od the houso-t-tbouo bload sur-voy with the assistance, f a raido and interpreter. Gioma-stained blrodsmoars wora shipoed by air t" the Dopartnmnt of Parsitalapy, lnstitutoatHygiene, and wore then examined under a cemp-und mirorsopoe at lfv pe"emaqnifieation. All slides labeled as Bri m1g in Gi ona stin wur6dostained and iimdistoly stainod with Dlafield's hewmtaxylin tar vorifi-cation ef s oecos diagrnsis. All sear f-und positiva far .iareilarisewore reviowd and identified by the nrincatal invostiator. Niorptilarkalcounts of Dositivo smoars wore lieiso d-m t- determine th" donsity rftthe parasite in the blewi.

In as mch as on unit or thi Filaria Control Survicos 4 the Depart-mont 4f Health Is Preontly stationed in thu pravino of Dvan under HealthRegion 8, wo weru allrvod to review their puat data an the filariasis sr-vey they rAde sAm years beak. Ranso thero wore tW ilariea sarvys md

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by two separate groups. Ono wa& a highly solective survey mde by ourteam and the othor was R previous survey by tho Filaria Control Servicesof the Dqpatmnt of Health stationed at Davao del Nerto province underRogion 810). This Health Rogion 8 is composed of ton provinces, namoly:Agusan, North Daven, Davao Oriontal, South Davo, North Surigao, SouthSurigao, Bukidnon, isards Oriental, North Cotabeto and South Cotabato.Rogin 7 on the other hand is carposed of 5 provinces in Mindanao, namely:Lanan Norte, Lanan Sur, Misarmis Oocidental, North Zemboanga and SouthZamboanga (Fig. 1).

RESULTS

Mindanao Island is presently comprised of 15 provinces. Of these,9 provinces wore surveyed covering from ome to six municipalities per pro-vince. A total of 5,446 persons (2,838 mnlos and 2,608 females) wore ox-amined; 135 wore found positive (106 1_. bacroti, 25 a. mJgY and 4 mixedinfection) for filaria or a prevalence rate of 2.48 percent (1.95% j.rofti; 0.46% B. mlgaai and 0.07% mixod infection).

Distribution and Prevalence:

Table 1 and Figure 4 shov tho distribution of bancroftian as well asmalayan filariasis by sex and municipality aswng the provinces we havecovered. A total of 25 unicipalities were sampled from 9 provinces.Eighteen of those municipalities wore round positive for either !. kW.oret or L. mElayi. . lay was found in 6 municipalitioe - 4 munici-palities in the province of Ajusan and 2 in the prnvince of Davao del Norte.J. bancrofti was found in 17 of the 18 positive municipalities salmpod.The prevalence rates ranged from 0.4 percert to 10.1 percent with 6 or 33.3percent -f the positive municipalities having provalonco rates greater than5 percent (Bunmwan in A&san; Kapalonj in Davao dol Ibouto; Matt and Tara-gona in Davao Oriental and Rinstuan and Bnrrbo in Surig n del Sur).

Of the 6 municipalities sapled in this province 5 werepesitive for filariasis. A total of 2,034 (962 ales and 1072 females)porwina wore examined. There wore 54 easo fourd (29 V. banmzi ,l 221 .

JB and 3 mixed infootins) or a prevaloneo rate of 2.6 porcont( 1.$ .

bm.r1&; 1.1% 1. r and 0.1% mixed infectious). 1. g&IW is pro-sent in 4 of the 5 positive mu iipaitios with provalenco rats rangingfrm 0.3 porent to 2.9 percent. It can b, natod that only j. Mini wasfoud in the ppblaoion of Tlscoge.

The mmineipalitv ft Bunamn ranks first with an eorallp rovaoeunf 6.0 percent followed by Lrot' (3.9%) and Prosporidad (2.0. The non-tim results for JRbMa may ba due to th smallness of our sasplo (ig. 3).

(15 3kidnon. gtAbtA' N6'rc -and Cotabato Suna b otal of 319 persoe(15 saes rd 66ftmalus) war* examined aovrind tee somplitiss for

Dukidwm. & single ease of V. h t1i vas ford i Doa Carles or a pro-

valome t Of 0.3 percent. P er Cetabat^ .rta Ut mniipalities versampled for ttal fol ? perst (8D mine d 37 tomflos)# but all orenegative for ,Aar-tilaria. In Cotabato Sur ,no tvn was sampled *^"ring

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two barrios. A total of 148 persons (99 males and 49 females) wore Ox-aminod and only one rtals was positvo for W. bancrofti or a prevalencerato of 0.7 percent.

Davao del Norte: A total of 1,319 parsons (684 males and 635 fo-males) wore examined covering 6 municiplities. Twenty one (17 g. tj-orefti, 3 B. malUvi and 1 mixed infection) cases wore observed or a prova-lance rate of 1.6 percent (1.3% H. banernfti, 0.2% a. malay and .07%mixed infection). Four of tho6 municipalities samplod wore found posi-tive for filaria with Kapalong having the highost prevalence rate (8.7%)followed by Asuncion (1.8%).

It Is interesting to nto that 4 3. m-alazi cases, (3 1. mgj and 1mixed infection) were found in Asuncinn, and Monkayo, municipalities ofNorth Davan bnrdoring the southern portion of Agusan province (Fig. 3).Duo to the closeness of those municipalities to A;usan and the fact thatthe case are adults, we are entertaining the possibility that they couldhave gotten the infection from Agusan where frash water swamps abound.The municipality of Tarag-na rmnks first with a prevalence rate of 6.1 per-cent followed by Uati (5.3%) and lovernor Gonoroso (4.4%), It can be aeonthat all 3 municoiDalities have prevalence rates ranking seventh or betteramong all positive muncipalitios covered.

Lnge del Sur: & total of 223 pursons (177 males and 46 ferales)wore examined covering 4 barrios in tho municipality ef Tamparan. Not onewas found positive for filaria.

SVr e Po r'to: Two municipalitios wore sampled in this provinceselecting 2 barrios par municipality. A total of 653 persons (324 malesand 329 females) wore examined. Sixteen wore found pesitive fer . kWr.t or a prevalence rate of 2.4 porcent. All rour barrios covered wore

found positive. Tubed has a prevalence rata of ;.8 porcont while ainithas 2.0 percent.

hgaglo del 8wu Tho two mnicipalittos surveyed in this provinceyielded tw#W the hIghost provalonco rates per municipality. A total of411 persons (205 males nd 206 females) wt-m o examid. Thirty on worefowni positive fer J. t!t4 tJ or a provalencu ratu of 7.5 percent. Themanioipality of Wnatuan has a prevalonca rato of 10.1 percent and Barreb

has 6.5 percent. It i to bo netod that in twe barrios, Roxs in Hinatuanand Javier in Barebo the prevalence rtats are groater than 12 poroont, afeature equalied enly by one nthor barrio - Caliao in Kapalong, Dasw do]Norto.

Further inspootira ef Table 1 and Fpt4ue 4 sh that males onsls-tautly have groator prvalenoe rants in alw'st all tho barrios in all the18 psltive maniaipalities. For Agusn tho prowalonoo rate anmta themales i 3.7 percent (2.3% 4.b. and .4S Bea.) and 2.0 percent for thetomles (0.9% V.b. and 1.1% .a.). Sukidrno has a male provalono rate of0.6 percent and o for n the ftmlos; Otabato Sur hmu a mlo provelomo rateof 1.0 por ent and zero for the ombls; Da del Norto malo provalRmo to2.1 poreent *^"rod to 1.1 percent wrng the ftsles; Lava% Orieotal mliiprevalono rt is double that ang the temles, 5.6 poreant and 2.9 par-oat reqostivoly; SuLew Gui Norte male prevalonce rato is 2.8 poront

and 2.1 perent ter the famiaes Suri o del Suar fas 7.8 porcont for the

malos and 7.3 percent for the females.

Ago and Sox Distribution:

Table 2 and Figure 5 show the age and sex distribution of individualsexamined by province. Inspection of the table shews that a great mjorityof the persons examined tire less than 30 years of age. For W. bancrofti,the youngast css is an S-year old femalo from Surigao del Sur; the oldestcase, is an. 89-,year old maloe f rom La Paz, Agusan. For B. malayi, the young-est c~se is a 9-yar old male fromm San Andros, Bunawan, Agusan; the oldestis also from Bunawan - a 68-year old male from barrio Libertad.

One can see that males generally have higher prevalence rates inpractically all ago groups for the five provinces presented. Furthermo.re,it enn be observed that the prevalence rate generally increases as age ad-vanco6s,:,nd are mo -~ evident after the age of 20 years. As expected the pro-valence rates-.for ago grtp -15 years aire significantly lower comparedwith tho 16 anld ovor 'Rgo group. This is true in all of the provincos co-

vered, further. substantiating the, previous observation.The norsall p. Avaleo,1 rate for..males is 3.0 percent (2.5% W.b. and

0.5% -B-m.) and 1.19 percent for the-.felmales (1.4% W.b. and 0.5% B*m.)Vi he B. -casus aru -relatively younger compared to Wj. bancroftiIcases- as& nbserW& in-, Agusan. Mrr than 50 percent of the 3, malavi cases

,ra-loss than :20yers of nge in contrast-- to nl1y 34 porceitt of the W. ban-6mftcases. This riay, be indiativo ta B. malkavi infection is. of recent

Arigin compared to hsinrt~ti Infection.

Rnlationship Botijeen Prevalence Rate (Bmth Sexes) and the Ratio of Femaleever Male Previ1enco Rte:

Tal o anid'Figure 6 shov 'similar attempt to that made by Cabreraand 0 ruzk4) relating ,the nvarall. proportion positive to the ratio (a) of %fomakl6-positiveoiver the $ m% ale positive.- 'One can observe that the lower

theovral poprton p-'sitivo in thoe populstir-n the farther aiay theratio. is from 1 And the higher the- overall pro~portion positive for bothsexes the closG'r the'rqtin-becomas to 1;--R finding similar to the observa-tion of the ab0rVvo authrrs. i a e a-p~wsitive thnugh not Statisticallysignificant relationship

The Municipality Of Loto adTlcgon in Agusan-. Mati and TaragOnain Davao Oriental.and Mainitn nuia dol Nnrto, deviated-rm the gener-al trend of 'nbservation,.- On the wholev when tho ovdraqll proportion posi-tivo in the populettion is greater than 8 percent thn proportion of infectedfermles tend to equal those amo~ng the mR186 in ompari 6Pn tothe vidue of-13 percent of the above Authors.

Fi10,Wa Control Services Survs esults and Rollatifnship Botweeo oictj of F'larg ian xteot of boaPatiting:

The FillariR Control Servioes mf tho Departme nt -of Health has beenoonduotina filaria surveys in the island of Mindanao sinoe 1961. We1 havetried 0o orelate the results #,f their surveys for the period 1961-1968

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with the extent of abaca plantation per municipality in percent of avail-able farm area which is presented in Table 4 and Figure 7. One can rb-

serve that their survey was mere extensive covering the entire island of

Mindana- frnm kgusan to Zamboanga del Sur. Their coverage per prevince

consists ef from as low as 32 percent of the total number -f municipalities

(as of 1960) to o'mplete ooverag(lO). However their unit reperted onlybancroftian filariasis and failed t- detect the existence of malayan filar-

lasis in this island.

Further examinqatin vf the table and figure reveals that all the pro-

vinces in the island of Mindanan are endemic for bancr'ftian filariasin

varying in intensity of infectinn. &ll urnicipalities covered in Agusanand Bukidn-,n are psitive; 7 "f the 21 municipalities covered in GOtabat^

Norte being positive; 8 of 12 unicipalities covered are positive in C-ta-batn Sur; all 12 municipalities covered in the 3 provinces of Davan arealso positive; 5 of 9 municipalities covered are p-sitive in Lanan delNorte; 1 of 9 municipalities surveyed is positive in LAna del Sur; 3 of 9municipalities surveyed are psitive in Misamis Occidental; 13 of 15 muni-cipalities surveyot in Suriga' del Norte and Suriga- del Sur are positive;7 of 9 municipalities surveyed in Zamboanga del Nrte and 6 of 11 munici-palitie.7 surveyed in Zambnanga del Sur are positive. On the whele 100 ofthe total of 145 manicipalities surveyed were found pnsitive fer filariasis.

The intensity of microfilaremia par municipality ranged from 0.1 pur-cent t^ 7.3 percent. Agusan, Davao Oriental, Davar del Sur, Surigan delNorte and Surigqr del Sur are in the group with micrefilaremia rates of 2

percent or more. Bukidnnn and Misamis Oriental from 1.0 percent to lessthan 2 percent and the rest having microfilaremia rates less than 1 per-cent. Nerth Ctabatn, Lane del Norte and del Sur, Misamis Occidental and

Zambmanga del Sir are the provinces having the least microfilaremia rate(0.1% - 0.3%) (Fig. 8).

Further inspection of Table 4 reveals that in 100 municipalitiesfound pnsitive fer filariR, abaca is present in 72, 12 are newly createdtowns where no abaca data is available and in 6 abaca is absent. Correla-tinn analysis between microfilaremia rate and extent of abaca plantationfor each province revealed the following results:

Province Cerrobatimn oefficient

Agusan 0.9838 (significant, P.<.Ol)

Bukidnen 0.6386 (significant, P-.05)Cntabatn Norte & Sur 0.8499 (significant, P e.01)

Davae Nerte, Sur & Oriental -0.4062 (not significant, P '.05)Lanao del Norte -0.3287 (not significant, P P.05)LanR^ del Sur 0.0446 (not significant, P>.05)Misamis Occident.l -0.2388 (not significant, P> .05)

Misamis Oriental 0.1701 (nt significant, P:.05JSuriga- del Norte -0.0940 (n-t significant P> .05)Surigao del Sur 0.5069 (net significant, P. .05)

Zamboanga del Norto 0.6869 (nt si.nifiant P.> .05)Zartboanga dol Sur -0.2024 (not significant, P> .05)Overall 0.3484 (significant, P<.1)

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Ono rotices that the first 3 prr'vinses shew significant positiveresults, 5 have negative th-ugh n-t significant results. However the rver-all relationship is highly significant and is positive, indicating highermicrofilaremia rates in areas with wider abaca plantation. This can beseen in Figure 7 where we plotted the average microfilaromia rate and per-cent of available farm area planted with abaca per province.

Table 5 shows the results of our survey in comparison to those of theFilaria Control Services by province. The microfilaromia rate in our sur-veys is higher in 4 provinces (results weru combined for the 3 Davaos and2 Cotabatos) and lower in 3 provinces. This can be explained by deliberateselection of areas whor malayan filariasis can be mest likely found in oursurveys, coupled of c-urse with smaller sample sizes.

Micrfilarial Density:

Table 6 shows the average micrefilarial density of cases by ago andsex for each province. In Agusan, the highest average j. bancrofti micro-filarial count per prsitiv is 51.0 in the ago group 16-20 years amongmales and 4.0 in the age groups 21-25 and 31-35 among females. For bothsexes combined tho highest is found in age group 16-20 with an averagemicrfilarial density of 38.5 per positive. For the malayan type thehighest is found in the age group 41-45 among males (31.0 per positive)and in 11-15 age group among the females (3.2 per positive). For bothsexes combined the highest count is in the age group 41-45 (11.7 per posi-tive). For ll ages c-mbined the average microfilarial count per positivefor males are 12.2 per positive (W.b.) and 5.2 per positive (B.m.). Forfemales they are 2.3 per positive (W.b.) and 2.2 per positive (B.m.) andfor both sexes combined 9.1 per positive (W.b.) and 3.8 per positive (B.m.).

Davao del Norte: Among the males the highest is found in the agegroup 21-25 (44.8 per positve) for W. bancrofti and the single male case ofmixed infection aged 21 years has a B. m microfilaria count of 15.Among the females the highest is found in the age group 11-15 (17.0 perpositive) for 14. bancrofti and the 3 female B. malayi cases aged 15, 17,and 26 years had a microfilarial count of 1, 2, and 3 respectively. Forboth sexes combined the age group 21-25 has the highest (27.3 per positive)for W. bancrnfti. For all ages the average per pnsitive among the males is16.5 (W.b.), females is 7.2 (W.b.) and both sexes 14.4 (W.b.) and 5.2 (B.m.).

Davao Oriontal: All the cases found in this province are bancroftianfilariasis. Among the males the hifhest micrefilarial count is found inthe age group 21-25 (37.0 per positive) and for the females in the agegroup 16-20 (9.5 per positive). For both sexes combined the highest foundis in the age group 21-25 (37.0). For all ages males have 15.8 per posi-

tive, females 9.5 per positive and both sexes 14.6 per positive.

Suriggn del Norto: All the cases found in this province are ban-croftian filariasis. The highest microfilarial count per positive arefound in the same group for both males and femal es and both -oxos - 26-30years with 41.7 for the males and 46.0 for the females and 42.8 for bnthsexes. For all ages it is 32.9 among the males, 12.0 for the fe mles and23.8 for both sexos.

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Surig.2' del Sur: All the ases fo~und in this provinoe are also ban-cri'ftian filariasis. Antng the Piales the highest average mir'filarialceiunt is found in the Rgo group 16-20 (100.0 per pmsitivo) and Cr'r thefemales it Is ftund in the age gr'uo 51-55 (62.0 per pr'sitive). Frer bethsexes, it is in the age 7,rr'up 16-20 (100.0 per presitive). For all ages,am'ng the mles it is 30.0 per pr'sitive, amrng femles it is 10.7 per pe-si-tivo, and f'-r br'th sexes it is 20.6 per pe'sitive.

The male cases rif W4. bqncrrfti f'iund in Bukidn'n and Cntabat, Surhave micr'ifilqrial e'iunts 12 and 9, ages 21 and 38 years respectively.

Table 7 shews thu distributiin if' cases by sex and intensity Pf,micr'ifilaremia flr each pre-vince p'-sitive f'ir filariasis. The Median andhighest micr'filarial c'iunts are likewise presented fr'r each sex. F'ir ber.thbancr#iftian and mqlqyan filariasis and in all the pr'ivinces the highestmier'ifilqriql cnunt is always am'ing the niales. The highest micr'-filarialc'iunt armr'ng males in the previnces ,if Agusan, Davae% del N'rte and Surigardel Sur are ab'ive 100 f'ir W4. bancre'fti - 123, 1.34 and 135, respectively.The highest ricrifilaril c'iunt amr-ng females is 62 (W.b.) f'iund in theoprtivincoe 'f Surigu" del Sur.

Feir the median micr'ifilarial coiunt the highest is ffund amrng maqlesin Surigr' del N'irte 27.0 'J.b.) f'i11l-wad by Surig'i del Sur 14.0 (w.b.)and Agusnn 5.5 (W.b.). Amen'ing females the highoot is in Surig'i del Nmrtolikewise 10.0 (W.b.) fr'll'iwed by Das del Nrrte 5.0 (W.b.), and SurigrPdel Sur 3.0 (W.b.).

It can be ebservod that females in tho pr,,vinces ^if Davqt, del Ntirteand Das" Orientaql hrive hifgher madian rnicr4filarial cr'unts than the males.All 'ither pr'-vincos shr'wod higher modian micrrfilarial c'iunts a~m#'ng malescinmpqrod t- femailes. F'ir 3. malavi the mediain micreifila-rial cr'unts Rroequal.

Fr'r br'th sexes, Surigs", dal N'irte tripped the five pr'vinces with amedian ricrrfilarjial c'iunt v'f 17.0 (W.b.) fr'll,%wed by Surig'i del Sur 8.0(14.b.),P Days".R, Oriental 5.0 (W.b.) , Dava" del Nerto 4.5 (W.b.) and Agusai2.5 (W.b.). F'ir B. malavi the medinn micr'ifillarial c'iunt f.'r Agusan is2.0.

The 'ivomll results sh'iw the median mirfilnrial c'iunt ameng theMales tr' be 8.9 (W.h.) and 4.5 B.m.) and fr'r the femnas 4.8 (W.b.) 'And3.7 (B.m.). F'ir b-th sexes the values -Rre 6.3 (W.b.) and 4.0 (B.M.).

F'urthoi' Analysis eif Micre-filaria. C'iunts:

Micr'ifilarial coiunts 'if individual cotses if 'btained undar m'iro ^rloss unif-,rm conditi'ins are valuable in tho c'iM.p~ris'in ^if intensity 'ifinfectiin amv'ng p'ipulnti'.ns in different endemic RrOas, rr frir eva.luatingthe effects rif contril masures applied tr R pr-pultiin. Several ap-pre'aches have boon made b 'Y differont reseahes using sr-mo well knwstatistical techniques. It has ovontually been shiwn thriugh severalstudios that the frequency distributiin -if micrvfilarial density is ouson-.tially l'igarithmically n'irmal. This implies that tho e 'garithmic traris-f'irmti'in ftf miarrfilariil density o'invorts the distributioin frim

-8-

asymmetric to a normal1 o. SnsRaet il. (1964) was the f irst to reog-nize this(14).

The anaRlysis of this type of dqta has boen clearly described in thepaper of QCabrera and Cruz (1968). The procedure fellowded below utilizedmathematicaJ. methods generally applicable for obtaining the nrst reasonable,estinmts o-f the values of the censtants in the sirple regression line:y -a$b log x, whe-re y is the prpbit --f cumulative frequency of dnnsityx microfilariac, a2 is the percentage of cases wita micr-filarial crunt 1(or zorn in logarithm) , and b is tha regression coff icient that determinesthe angle of the line fr-m te x-axis. The fifty percent level of micro%-filarial density (MfD50 median microfilarial count) is obtained by srlv-ing the equaRtion: lo1g x =(5-a)/b, -r by reading tho value of x at theproint where the regressio-n line crosses pre-bit 5 (50 Percent in the cumula-tive frequency) level. The standird deviation (s) correspo-nds to the di.3-tance On the horizontal axis of the points at which the regression linecrosses pro~bit 5 (50 percent) and probit 6 (84.1 porcont).

Table 8 presents distribution of cases by intensity of iicrofilaremia.Cumulative frequencies aind relative cumulative frequencies -in percent areincluded for purpo-ses of plotting the probLit regression line.

Table ~ ~ ~ -9 hsphelei (;4rnfilqriql count Rnd the proportion or'cases with mierofilarial crunts of 1 per 20 m 3 blrtod by province as rb-tameod fro-m the rogressio~n analysis of the frequency distribution of micro-filarial density. The median m icrofilaRrial count (14050S) and percent ofcases with micrnfilirial count 1 co~lumn simply mean thaRt, by and large,no will expect fifty percent of cases in the specified area to have micro-filarial count equal to or less than the M0D50 and the specified percent-age of cases to have racrofilarial count nf 1. One can aee that malesgenerally have greater MfD50 and lesser proportion of ca~ses with microfila-rial count of 1. Furthermoreo, it can be seen that Surigao del Norte toppedthe 5 provinces follo-wed by Surigae del Suir and Dnvno Oriental with MfD5Oof 11, 7 and 6 compared to 27, 8, and 5, respetively as obtained pre-virusly (Table 7). Fiue 9 clarly ahowq this Pbservation.

One can o-bserve that there is a tendency f-r the propnrtion -of caseswith micrnfilari al ctunt o~f 1 to becom sraller as the prevalence ratesincreases, Ru alse, the tendency of tha value nf R of the regressio~n uqua-tinn t- docrease as the prevalence rate inareases.

Oowgrarn of B. malavi Avoragno Mornfilnial 00uns pr-20-Mm' Blood ('fSubioots from Palawan. Sulu inqi AgusBn

Cnmparison of miorfilarial counts among B. Mafy aes In Pqlfkwanand Sulu has buon deno by Cabroe. c.t al. (1968) t^ find out if MralayaRnflihriasis was introduced at the sar* tim in those two areas. Table 10is presented to further study the sam problem by extending the oenrparisont^ the prevince of Agusan. The hi&,hoat nvercige mirofilariatl ount forPalawan is in the age group 51-55 (5. per pesitiva), while in Sulu thehighest is found in th~i st.-o group 21-25 (14.5 per positivo). In AguBatTthe highest averago miorfilirimkl count is in the sigo .grnup 41-45 (11.7por pnsitive). Fo~r all akgos tha avnrage ounts par positive Rre 26.6 ferPalawan# 5.2 for Sulu and 3.8 fo~r aguslin. On must be autirus in Inter-preting the ab-o Rverageso as they Rro genrally inflated by the prosonwe

-9-

of unusually high microfilarial counts.

To minimize the, inf luence of the extremly high ricrof ilarial countsthe above authors utilized the median in their cr'mparison. Extending thecomparison to Agisan eone observes that tho province has the lowest value,following the trend in nge by age compariseon of the average rmicrfilarialcounts per positive. The 4 a3. mlavi cases found in Dnvan del Norte has amdian of 2.5 per pnsitivo and R range of' microfilqrial count from 1-15.The ages nf the cases ire 15, 17, 21 and 26 years. It appears that thesecases are recent infections relqtively speaking.

D ISOCUSSITON

Surveys ctonducted from 1959 te, the present by th3 Kilaria ControlServices of the Depnrtment of' Health indiat the existence of filariasisin all pro vinces in MIndqnac. As fi~r cis we know, no report has been madeon the existence of Brupia malavi ir the island of Mi-ndqnao. The extentof the problem varies in intensity from modorately' high microfilaremia ratein the eastern portion which includas the p~rovince of Agusan, 2 Surigaosand 3 Dnvaos, and 1cw microfilaremia rna goYin- towards the western por+iotn.Incidentally the same distribution is true for the extent of abacR planta-tion 5.8 percent in the eastern portion and only 1.6 percent in tho westernportion (Fig. 10). This confirms th ? significant crrejlation ebtainedbetwoen micrnfilarumiq rates and extent of abaca plnntattion in porcent ofavailabls farm area.

The most significant findinj in our zurvay is the discovary of theexistence of Bruia m~lyti in the tnwns f Buniwan, Loretto, Prosporidad RndTalagrn in Aquan and Asuncion Rnd M'nkayo in Davqn del Norte. A totalof 25 ass (13 mnlos and 12 females) weme found In Aigusqn or a provq.1cncerqto of 1.2 percent. For Davao d-1 Nnrto 4 ases (I male and 3 femalis) wereseen or at prevaloen rate of' 0.3 percent. Feour of these 29 cases (all males)were -ixed irf'ectirns- 3 found in barrio Libertad, Bunawan, Agusan anA 1in Laac, ksuncin, Davnao dul Nnrto. Thei prevalenav rates for ea~ch barrioranged from 0.5 perCent to, 5.1 pn,'nnt- It is slignificant t- note thnt theonvirnmntal oniditions in Ouwqwn, Prosporidad anrd Talacogon in h&gusqnare similqr to thoseo in~ fuo~en, Palnwan (1966) which is tho first endemicfocus fotr malayan Mi'tasic in this c'-untry. 3ooauseof thera paucity efoasos found, the absonce of prnbablu braudin,; areas such as fresh watorswanps in, Dqkvne Nfrrtat and tlr Reossibilit,,, and nearness to% &gumnn, we skreinclinod V, believa t'iat infoctir-n cruld ha been skcquired fro-m iguesknwhere the, diseaso is pp~arontly onneio.

We Rttorrptud t^ find out if nalaynn filariasis WAs introducedt atabout thoe sme tiru in Palawan (196'1), Sulu (196P) !ind Agusan. T,bln 10seems to% indicqto that thnoeof Sulu and Avusanwr nr'doda buthe ame tii .Rs evidenced bv itu Cx)'U BeM ms anrilqromia rates 0.78 per-cent and 1.2 porcunt In eaf risrn to 4.9 oerot~nt of Palakwan Rnd the modirinniorofilarial density of 3 atnd 2 peor 20 mr.. In couitrokct to, 6 in Paltawfn.

Our Absorvotti-r in Pna] wan and J, 1#o wharo thereo Is % pz-vp#ndor%-j:Z #ofmalos "vor romalos Rnd in inaora In nicrofilskrenit ratus -rincipally in

-10-

ages 20 years and vrver is likewise true as revealed by nur results - 29percent rf the cases bo?-ng t,' age groups less than 20 years, 71 percentabnvo 20 years -f age. The micrrfiiaremia rates ameng females tend t-equal thrse among males when the mierrfilaremia rates f-r both sexes isabrut 8 percent in cnmp.arisen tm about 13 percent as reported by Cabroraot al. (1968)(11 , 12, 1).

It has been mbsorved by Sasa (1967) that where filariasis is highlyprevalent and micrfilarial density r-f the pepulatirn is high, the valuesoff n and b of the rogressinn e uatinn are usually small and are consideredgo d indicatimns rf ondemicity(13). Our results in Table 9 and Figure 8hevr #%nly shnw a slight indicatiln v-f this observatimn.

Further nbservatin of Table 9 shrws that ,n the average one can ex-pect abr-ut 15 aercent of bancreftian cases tn have a micrfilarial densitynf 1 per 20 mm blood in cnmparison t ^ about 41 percent fr-r malayan eases.One generally Pxpicts agv'ng male cases, greater micrrfilaremia density forboth bancrnftian and malayan filariasis in cmmparisnn to the Lemaleswhich maybe due tr more exposure secondary t- the fact-r -f eccupati-n.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

A total ^f 5,446 pers^ns cevering 9 pr-vi-e.s of MindanAn were ex-amined and 106 (1.9514) were found p-sitive for W. bancrnfti; 25 (0.46%)for B. mRlavi and 4 (0.07%) mixed irteetin. It appears that the provinceof Agusan is endemic frr malayan filariasis which boo'e-s the third focusfor Brugia mAlayl in the Republic of the Philippinns. The rcrrelatirnbetween abaca industry and the endemicity of bancrftian filariasis isolearly shown in this study. The disease is endemic in areas where abacais found.

As in our prviens findings in Palawan and Sulu, the provalonco ishigher in malos than females and higher likewise in oldor than in youngerago grnups.

When the ,vjrall proportion p'sitivo in the populatinn booomosgreater there is tondonoy for the prop-rtion of infooted frmalos to equalthoso infected males. This mmvbn a g"d index in dntormining the degreeof endemicity -f the diseaso in a given eemmunity.

Based on the avRraeu miernfilarial count in relation to the agecomW.sitihn of subjects, we arrlvod at the cenclusion that probably mla-yan filariasis was inteduood earlier in kalawan then introduced In Suluand Agusan at about tho samo time at a muh later date.

- 11 -

I4

ACKNOWLEDGW'.T

The research r3ported in this document has boon made thru thesupp'-rt and sponsorship of the U.S. Dopartment r: the Army, t)rnughthe USAR and Davelopment Greup (Far East) office.

We wsih to thank Mr. Pedro A. Angeles, Mr. Alfredo G. Garciaand Miss Cecilia S. Rrque for their techrical assistance. We areindebted to the fnllowing individuals for their help and cooperatioa:Director Vicente Gahnl, Dr. Alberto Dumlan and Engr. Rodrigo Austriaof Region 8; Drs. Engracio Parrefas, Alfredo Mercado, Raymundo Janairo,Manuel Rnxai, Grmgnr!i, '.itro, provincial and/or assistant provincialhealth rfficera of Davao No-to, Agusan. Surigao del NWrte, Bu! idnonand Davao Oriental, respectively; Judge and Mrs. Manuel Esguarra,Rodrigo de Guvan, R-noo Picardal and Roberto Bosch of the FilariaContrnl Servicss; Director Ricardo Oliracm and staff of Health Region 7;Dr. Rammn Abragan, PHO, Lanrte del Sur; Dr. Santos Espiritu and staff ofMalaria Eradication Services.

Finally, we thpk General Carlos P. Romulo, President, Universityof the Philippines and Dr. Potenciano R. Arsan, Dean, Institutc ofHygiene fnr their interest and admuiistrative support.

12 -

LITERATURE CITED

1. Cabrora, B.D. and L.E. Rozebo-m. "Filariasis in Palawan, PhilippineIslands". Nature, 202:725-726, 1964.

2. Rozobnom, L.E. and B.D. Cabrera. "Filariasis caused by Bin Palawan, Republic of the Philippines". Am. J. Epid. 81(2):200-215, 1965.

3. Zulueta, J. do. UObservtions on filariasis in Sarawak and Brunei".Bull. World Org., 16:699-705, 1957.

4. Cabrera, B.D. and I. Cruz. "The Second Endemic Focus for MalayanFilariasis in the Republic of the Philippines". Actr Mod. Phil.5(series 2):1-24, 1968.

5. Regional Econnmic Survey Raport. Mindanao Area Series. Prepared bythe Committee nn Industrial Dispersal of the Natienal EconomicCouncil. 1961, 1-2.

6. Gtwing, P. Mnsquo and More. A Study of Muslims in the Philippines.Manila: Philippine Federition of Christian Churches, 1964.

7. Yearbonk of Philippine Statistics. Deportment of Commerce andIndustry. Bureau of the Census and Statistics, 190-191, 1966.

8. Wharton, R.H. "The Biology of Mansenin Msquitoos in Relation tothe Transmission of filariasis in Malaya. Bull. No. 11, Inst.Mod. Res. Fed. Malaya, 114 pp. 1962.

9. Wilson, T. "Differences between the miorfilariao of Brazia ma1nzhand WV r& bgreft in Giomma stained thick blood films".Roy. Soc. Trep. MWd. and Hygiurw, 50:54-57, 1956.

10. Estrada, J.P. and D.O. Bauio. OFilariasis in the Philippir-s'.J. Phil. Mod. Assoc., 41slOO-153, 1965.

11. Cabrora, B.D. and 0. Tawmndeng. OBanoroftian and Malayan Filariasisin Palawan*. kata Mod. Phil., 3t20-36, 1966.

12. Osbrora, B.D. and C. TaRWndOng. qFilariasis survey in Jel", Sulu".A ta Mod. Phil., 386-102, 1966.

13. Snaa, M. OMticrfilaria Survey Nothed, and Analysis of Survey Datain Filariasis Contrel Progrm'e . Wld. Health Org./i/ 67-80(Miao-Vaph Opy).

14. Sass, M.O. and G. Mitsui. lProquawy distribution of the naorofila-rial donsitios of poplo in the ondomlo areas %f banreftiantil'iasis in the Amami Islands, South Japan*. Jap. J. &xpt.Mod., 3s:17, 194.

-13

Fig. 1. PROVINCES OF MINDANAO ISLAMD

S.

M.Or.

Z.N. 'L. N. BZ.S~ 4 ~ LoS. D

B - Bukidnonr0 -Cotftbtto-(nrth & of-uth)

L. N.- Lamo lorto t)

L.S.-~ Lao-u

Fig, 2. CL13412 MAP1 OF NIAXAD

~ lit Type -Two pronounood measons dryfrom Novembeor to April; wet during the

retof the year.

802nd Typo- No dry season with a very pro-

A IWOto January.

3rd Type - Seasons not very pronounood,relatively dry from Noveiibor to April andwet during the rest of the year.

/7~7.4th Typ - Ranfl more or loss evenlyp......../ distributed throughout the year.

00

t8

-15-0

Legend:

- Swamps \q 4.....- Lake 040

-..- River:- I Agusan R. \ 1*2 Naasam R.3 Adgaoan R. ,I LamIlnga R. \Y,5 Sotiban R.6 Umayam R,7 Liuanan R.

Municipalities:-

b Jabonga I It

Promperidad -BUTANS-Talacogon DAY

3La Paz

_ "/ .p/.0A - utuan CiS0

MISANIS OR.

N. ... . ......: / ,,,, ,

id -

" DAVAO MORTS

rvig , )0NO OF AGUSllN PatOVINUO MNIDNAO

16 1I~&

V-4

co.

-44

rqr

04..

-5 A4

10 imp

-17

I. AGUSAN2 (a) W.. banor,'fti Case 0 20 (b) B_. y Casos

Males / 1 MalesFenes / --- Fomles

Brth Sexas c.i Br-th Sexes

0 5-- 0-0.........5...7 I 2 3 4 5

0 1 30 4o50 6070 0 3b 3 4056 07o

Ago in Years Ago in Years

IM. DAVAO DEL NORTE(a) W. bancrfti Cases (b) B. mlayi Cases

.20 - Males .2 -- alesj Fe ales "-4- Females* @ 1 5 --, .....S ex e s

~1 ~ h ee 15+ B'-th Boxes

.10 4":01

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Age in Years Age in Years

III. DAVAO ORIENTAL IV. SURIGAO DEL NORTE(W_. bancr-fti Oases) (W. bancr-fti Cases)

T ~-Mls2~-males?20. ... Females .2 t -'- Femalos

/ B -th Sexos .... Btth4J' 'A Soxos

,: *. : .,

0 -..+- +4 .... o ...,'.4 t0.., _, .. 4 --0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Ago in Years Ago in Years

Fig. 5. FILARIA PREVALENCE RATES BY AGEAND SEX, MINDANAO, 1968.

- 18 -

V. SURIGAO DEL SUR(.banoz-fti CRises)

35 ... aeMa Fles

30. Beth Sexes

25 ,.

~20-

015

10

5

0 20 30 4 50 60 70

.AL PROVINCES

(a) Malos (b) Females00r

15 W.b. g15-

44 .1

0 / m-

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Ago in Yeare Ago in Years

(c) Brth Sexes

S15-~

.4 Jb

L1OL~ .W.b.

, 4f B m .

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Ago in Years

(Fig. 5- Cfnt'd) FILARIA PREVALENCE RATES BY AGE

AND SEX, MINDANAO, 1968.

19 -

2.0?

1.8

1.6.

t1.0

o~ .8

0

.2F

0 '9-3 4 -. 7 8 9 1

~r~v'i~oco et., Ar3"th ooFig. 6. RELATIONSHIP BED'.EEN PRLEC PRATENC (BTHSEES A

R F FEALEVAIALENEARMAEALE PREALENERAE

200

I. AGUSA4

8 (a). bano=orti

E- -%. 2

54(1) Males Y.) A, 42 ,L1.4 log x1- R(2) Fonm1os (90b)s Y-5-0 $1.8 leg x

0. 0 0~ .O.60. .2 L 0

LOG OF NF. DENSITY PER 20 MM3 BLOOD (X)

8 (b) a. ialavi

2&6-5(1) Males ():Y a 4.6$ 1.6 1"g x

E-4(2) Femles (on.,): Y m 4.9 $2.2 lc'g x

30 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

LOG OF W. DENSITY PER 20 MK3 BLOOD (X)

II. DAVAO DEL NORTE

(1) Males (ve)8t 7 w4.2 /1.3 V'g z

I g(2) Females YEf: 4.2 /2.1 loeg x

0 0.2 0,4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

LOG OF WF. DENSITY PER 2D. H3 BLOMD WI*Includes 4 1. JgII (I. mal, 3 females) ease$-

Fig. S. LOG-PKDIT REGRESSION LINE CP CUMMJATIVE PEWVITAOEDISTRIBUTIONS OF HIORILWRAL DENSITY FOR FOUR

PROVINGES OF MINDAMAD, BY SEX, 1968.

(Co'ntinued ^n next page- 22) -21 -

(Fig. 6+ GOnt d) III. SURIGAO DEL NORTE8 () W, bancrofti

8

(l)>4 6 09 I

0,0

E- (1) Males (e.): Y a 1.5 . 2.6 log x

*t4- Q '(2) Females (no):Y. 4.1 $ 1.h log x

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 L4 1.6 1.4 2.0LOG OF MF. DENSITY PER 20 MM3 BLOOD (X)

IV. SURIGAO DEL SUR(a) W. bancrofti

8

7 (2)

: Males (9): Y . 3.2 ,1.6 1g x(2) Fomaloa "' Y 4.3 / 1..4 lrg x

04I 3 1 A I0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0. 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

LM OF VY. DENSITY PER 20 MM3 BLOOD (x)

V. ALL PROVI"CES8

7 V g-"i,.m. (W.b.)

.. W.b. 3.9 1.5 leg xB.m. (ell), Y a 4.8 .1.7 log x

0 0.2 04 0.6 0.8 L0 1&2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2,0

LOG. (, W. DENSITY PER 20 WM3 BLOOD (X)

(Fig.4 -Cfnt'd) LOO-PROBIT RE3RESSION LI1ES OF CtMULATrVE PEIORNTAGEDISTRIBUTIONS OF MIRFILARIAL DEMSITY FOR FOUR

PROVINosS o MINDANAO, BY SEX, 1968.

22.-

C;

totJ

MR

0t 0ri

1.4 E 4

o

- 0

-AZVW -D LIM-

23.4t

Fig. 10. FILARIA PRZVALNG'RAT1SL/1 AMETN IABACA PLANTATION~ IN THE FROVIED OF

MINDANAO ISLAND.

A- Filaria C-ntr-~1 Services Surveys, 1961-1968.

- Bureau of tho Census and Statistioskgriculture Census, 1960.

*(2.19)'F.'

*. 10. (0)

L! O

B.. -f Midi

D- Da.o V*\ ___-. Las L. A'

0 . iaA Oina

S. 1.2, /gf u eceto vlal

/2 -

Tablo 1. FILARIA PREVALENE RATES BY SEX ANDPROVINcE, mINDANAO, 1968

Munlipality . No. Examined . M a 1 0 F a ma 1o T o t a 1

and Barrio M ! F ITotal No. Posa % Pos. No. Poaf % Pos. NO. Pos. % Poo.

1. AJS... -1, Bunawan 264 265; 529 12 (9) i,.(-L 5 (6) 1.9(.3 17 (.4) 3.2(2.8)

Libortad 116 113 229 9 (3) 7.8(2.6 5 (2) 4.4 1.8) 14 (5) 6.1(2.2)San Andrs 55 99 1 (14 1.8(7.37 (1) (2.3 1 (51 1.0(5.1)Poblaoinn 93 108 201 2 (2) 2.2(2 (3) (2.8 2 (5, 1.0(2.5)

2. Jabnna 52 46 28 -0 0 - - -Colord- 52 46 98 - 0 - 0

3. La gas 283 331 614 5 1.8 3 0.9 8 1.3Sagunto 283 331 614 5 1.8 3 0.9 8 1.3

A. Jjmtn 91 83 174 1 (2) 1.1(2.2) (3) (3.6) 145L406(2.9Ywalno 51 49 100 1 (1) 2.0(2.0) (1) (2.0) 1 (2) 1.0(2.0)w,,f. 40 34 74 (1) (2.5) (2) (5.9) (3) (4.1)

5. Pr gMordad I6 180 3 43 & (1) 2.&(0.) 2 1.1 6 (1) 1.710A3)

Old Prblaoirn 106 106 212 3 (1) 2.8(0.9)2 1.9 5 (1) 2.4(0.5)Lucom 57 74 131 1 1.8 - 0 1 0.8

6. Talao,,"n 109 167 (1) (0.9) (3) (1.8) (4) (1.)Poebaoi'%n 109 167 276 (1) (0.9) (3) 1.) (4) (1.4)

T 0 T k L 962 1072 2034 22(13) 2.3(1.4) 10(12) 0.9(1.1) 32(25) 1.6(1.2)

II. BugD ll

1. A1Mif. 27 22 50 - .0 --Lake ouinenran27 23 50 - 0 - 0 - 0

2. Dsn ar"m 143I 269 1 0.1 - 0 1 0.14%blecivhn 61 72 133 1 1.6 m 0 1 0.Lakeside 65 71l136 10 0 m 0 -0

T 0 T L 15n 166 319 1 0.6 - 0 1 0.3

Ill. ngnam um -1. Bala 703 1U 0 -0

8uen Lak 4717 64 0 0 0P'blaoinn 23 17 40 - 0 - 0 -0

2. Ama n 10 3 13 - 0 0 0Temdvfr 10 3 13 - 0 -0 -0

TOTL 0 37 U7 - 0 - 0 - 0

I 99 L 9U. 1 1.9 - 1 oa7BasNk 50 3 53 1 2.0 0 1 1.9P,'1m2ling 49 46 95 - 0 - 0 - 0

TOT AL 99 49 148 1 1.0 - 0 1 0.7

(CaUmwd .n nut pP - 26)

- 25 -

Tablo 1. - 3fntid

Muniipality . No. Examined . M a 1 o F ema le . T o t a 1

and iarrio M I Tntal No. Pool % Poo. No. Po4 % Poo. No. Poo4 % Po.

V. D&VAO DELNqORTE -

1. Asuuoion 178 150 328 4 (Q) 2.2(0.6) _(2) 0(1.3) ,()1209Lao 53 42 95 3(1) 5.7(l.9) - 0 '1 3.2 1.1)Sagayn 125 108 233 1 o.8 (2) (1. 8) 1 (2) 0.4( 0.8)

2. Cnmntola 53 55 108 - 0 1 1.8 1 0.9Sta.Maria 25 23 48 - 0 1 4.3 1 2.1Marap~t 28 32 60 - 0 0 - 0

3. Kavelong 65 20 115 7 10.8 3 6,0 L0 8.7Callan 29 20 49 4 13.8 2 10.0 6 12.2Mabantao 36 30 66 3 8.3 1 3.3 4 6.1

4. Hopkayo 313 323 6316 3 1.00. ) (0.3) 3 (1) 0.(,2)Banlag 313 323 636 3 1.0 - 0 3 0.5

S. ntevita 321 As - 0 0 -0P1 blaoien 32 1648 - 0 - 0 -0

6Now Bataan Q.3&1 SL - 0 0 0saemin 4341 84 - 0 0 0T 0 T & L 684 635 1319 14 (1) 2.0(0.1) 4 (3) 0.6(o.5118 () 1.403

VI. DAMOIAL -1. mati 22 14 1 -1 4.5 1 §.2 .3

DfnS. Lopes 22 16 38 1 4.5 1 6.2 2 5.32.T aTeiom 3316 £9 3 9.1 0 - 0

Jilas 33 16 49 3 9.1 - 0 3 6.13. Gov. GpM= 32 36 145 S 5.1 1 .8 6 44L

intap 66 21 87 3 4.5 - 0 3 3.4ftor Tbmban 33 15 48 2 6. 1 1 6.7 3 6.2TOTAL 154 68 222 9 5.8 2 2.9 U 5,0

VII.M W.D1.Tain 177 3 6 0 - 0

Lalabtan 3 36- - 0Tstayas 58 2482 - 0 - 0 * 0Linak 12 33 25 - 0 - 0 -0

TOTAL 17 46 223 - 0 - 0 0

(Continued on nxt pep - 27 )

-26-

Tablo . - GentId

Munioipality . No. Exautnod M. Ma o . F o ma o . T t a 1 .

and Barrio M F F Total No. Pos % Pea. Ne. Pea % Poe. No. Pooj % Poe.

VIII. SURIG&O DELNORTE -

1. ainit 231 263 1.7 6 2.3 10 2.0Mhbini 95 11328 - 0 2 1.8 2 1.0Matinao 136 150 286 4 2.9 4 2.7 8 2W8

2. Tubed 93 66 159 5 5.6 1 125 6Mntorpool 51 27 78 2 3.9 - 0 2 2.6Kavilan 42 39 81 3 7.1 1 2.6 4 4.9

T0TAL 324 329 653 9 2.8 7 2.1 16 2.4

II. SURIG&O DELSUR -

i. Hi.atuan 59 60 119 S 8.5 7 11.7 12 10.1• MS 23 2548 3 13.0 4 16.0 7 14.6Tagongnn 36 35 71 2 5.6 3 8.6 5 7.0

2. Bar!o A 16 292 U 7,5 8 5.5 19 65sJavier 5 52 114 9 14.5 5 9.6 U 12.30aqpbeang 84 94 178 2 2.4 3 3.2 5 2.8

T o T& L 25 26 1U 16 7.8 15 7.3 31 7.5

GRAMD MOAL 2838 260 5M4 72(14) 2.5(0.5) 38(15) 1.4(0.5)110(29) 2.W%0O.5)yyVVVyyVwVyyyyVdVV .vvivvvvvyv~vvVVyVV~VVVVVVVVVVYVVVVYVJvVV

Flp-s In parenthesis am K. Jj oafste 3 were xo md intootions,

all males in Libertad, Bunwan, Agu n; 1 mixod infection, mle, Laso,

sunOion, Davao del NvWrto; all o tle are . Oases.

C _____________________________________27-_

Table 2. FILARIA PREVALENCE RATES BY AGZ, SEYAND PROVINCE, MINDANAO, 1968

SNo. EBaminad. M a 1 e F 0 m a 1 . T o t a 1

Ao in Years M I F ITntal N,. Pe.4 % Pews. Nn. Poa4 % Pos. No. Pool % POe.

Loss than 1 - 2 2 - 0 - 0 - 01- 5 182 170 352 - 0 - 0 - 06 - 10 200 202 402 2(4) 1.0(2.0 - 0 2(4) 0.5(1.0)11 - 15 151 185 336 2(1) 1.3(0.7) 3(4) 1.6(2.2) 5(5) 1.5(1.,)16- 20 89 123 212 3(2) 3.4(2.2) 1(2) 0.8(1.6) 4(4) 1.9(1.9)21 - 25 76 90 166 4(2) 5.3(2.6) 3 3.3 7(2) 4.2(1.2)26 - 30 80 85 165 1(1) 1.2(1.2) 1(1) 1.2(1.2) 2(2) 1.2(1.2)31 - 35 45 52 97 1(1) 2.2(2.2) 1(1) 1.9(1.9) 2(2) 2.1(2.1)36 - 40 41 42 83 2 4.9 (2) (4.8) 2(2) 2.4(2.4)41 - 45 26 25 51 1(l) 3.8(3.8) (2) (8.0) 1(3) 2.0(5.9)46-50 26 41 67 1 3.8 1 2.4° 2 3.051 -55 14 23 37 - 0 - 0 - 056-60 11 19 30 1 9.1 - 0 1 3.361 & nver 21 13 34 4(1) 19.0(4.8) - 0 4(1) .11.8(2.9)

All Ages 962 1072 2034 22(13) 2.3(1.4) 10(12) 0.9(1.1) 32(25) 1.6(1.2)

(NOTE: Figures in parenthosis aro 1. jv oases, 3 m ixed inteotions, all ules.All ethers at, I. acr , oases).

II. BUKIDWON - A single easo mf W. bar-ftt, ame grmuT 21-25 yers, role, wasfound fr-n aRmng 319 pors-ns oxaninod, all aRos, bnth sexes.

III. COTMBATO - For Nf rth Gotabatn all the 117 poersen om iiuod were nanativo.For South Getabato a easo oo R. baerift, al, .ago group36-4,0 ars, lkan foun' f..N'a aRmng 1.48 persons mxasisedp qllaes, both sexes.

IV. DA- D 12

N". baminod m . ale . a ale T ata l

Ago In Yom IF Tr ta1q Nn. -s, % Pos. fin. f1% Poe. "*. Pol s Pe.

1 -5 131 124 255 - 0 0 - 06 - 10 129 115244 - 0 - 0 . 011 - i5 85 63 1 1 1.2 1(1) .A (1.6) 2() 1.4(0.7)16-2D 52 84, 136 0 (1) (1.2) (1) 1 (0.7)21 - 25 67 63 IX 4(1) 6.0(1.5) 3 4.8 7(1) 5.4(0.)26-30 69 71 1o 2 2.9 (1) (1.4) 2 1.4(0.7)31 -35 51. 37 8O 2 3.9 -0 2 2.336-4o 43 3 8 1 1 2.3 -0 1. 1.241 - 45 13 33 1 5.0 - 1 1 3.046- 50 13 10 23 - 0 - 0 - 051- 55 6 4 10 1 16.7 - 0 2 10.056-60 8 7 15 - 0 - o- 061 vor 10 6 16 2 2D.0 0 0 2 12.5

il ig, 6e 635 1319 U(l) 2.0(0.1) 4(3) 0.6(0.5) 18(4) 1.4(0.3)(W : Figmr. in paorouthusis atr B. mLayi oases, 1 mixod iLeotit-a, ai0.

All others am V. banernfti oasks a).Continmd on mxt paR - 29 )

Table 2. - Otnt'd

V. DAVAO ORIENTAL - N. Excmind M 1 0 Fe 11 . ot :;R 1

Ago in YeArs M F tTet-i1 Nr. rms? % P's. No . rosI % Pps m N1. Pos % p1 .

1- 5 16 13 29 - 0 - 0 - 06 -0 11 12 23 - 0 - 0 - 011- 15 23 13 36 - 0 - 0 - 016-20 26 10 36 1 3.8 2 20.0 3 8.321- 25 20 2 22 2 i0.0 - 0 2 9.126 - 30 14 5 19 3 21.4 - 0 3 15.331 - 35 17 4 21 1 5.9 - 0 i 4.836 - 40 12 3 15 1 8.3 - 0 1 6.7

41 - 45 6 2 8 - 0 - 0 -

46- 50 4 2 6 1 25.0 - 0 1 16.751- 55 2 - 2 - 0 - none - 056 - 60 1 2 3 - 0 - 0 - 061 & ever 2 - 2 - 0 - nero - 0

All Agos 154 68 222 9 5.8 2 2.9 11 5.0

VI. DAVAO DEL SUR - N- survey dne.

VII. LANAO DEL NORTE - Nr' survey dnno.

VIII. LAMAO DE& SUR - A total nf 223 persens examined, all aRgs, b'th sexes,yielded nogtive results.

IX. MISANIS OCCIDENTAL - Ne survey dru.

X. MISAMIS ORIENTAL - No survey drno.

XI. SURIGAO DEL NORTE -

. Nr. Examined -Ms 1e F m a 1 0 T f.it R 1

Ago in Yoars M I F Ttal. Nr-. Psf % Pes. N,-. P-s, % P's, N-. PsI % Ps.

1 -,5 55 -48 103 - 0 - 0 - 06- l0 78 64 142 1 1.3 - 0 1 0.711- 15 55 70 125 - 0 - 0 - 016- 20 26 18 44 1 3.8 . 5.6 2 4.521- 25 15 17 32 - 0 - 0 - 026- 30 14 22 36 3 21.4 1 4.5 4 11.1

31 - 35 17 23 40 1 5.9 - 0 1 2. 5

36- 40 18 20 38 - 0 1 5.0 -1 2.641 - 45 14 17 31 2 14.3 2 11.8 4 12.9

46 - 50 15 8 23 - 0 1 12.5 1 4.351 - 55 9 5 14 1 11.1 - 0 1 7.156- 60 5 11 16 - 0 1 9.1 1 6.361 & rvor 5 .6 9 - 0 - 0 - 0

All Ages 324 329 653 9 2.8 7 2.1- 16 2.5

(C#-ntinuod -n next page - 30 )

-29-

T•blo 2. - Cmnt'd

XII. S.DE -S- -

-- qminod M al F aI o Tatal

Age in Yors f f jT.ta N--. P-8j % P-s. N"4. P-asj % Pea. N-. Preff % P-s.

1-5 20 31 51 0 - 0 - 06- 10 35 43 78 - 0 2 4.7 2 2.6-

11-15 41 41 82 2 4.9 1 2.4 3 3.716 -20 21 14 35 2 9.5 - 0 2 5.721 25 15 17 32 - 0 3 17.6 3 9.426 30 13 10 23 4 30.8 1 10.0 5 21.731 - 35 7 6 13 - 0 - 0 - 036 - 40 10 15 25 1 10.0 3 20.0 4 16.041--- 5 13 10 23 3 23.1 2 20.0 5 21.746 50 9 8 17 1 11.1 12.5 2 11.851- 5., 10 4 14 1 10.0 1 25.0 2 14.356- 60 8 5 13 2 25.0 1 20.0 3 23.161 & nvor 3 2 5 - 0 - 0 - 0

All Ages 205 206 411 16 7.8 15 7.3 31 7.5

XIII. ZANBOANGA DEL NORTE - W- survoy drne.

XIV. ZAU60ANGA DEL SUR Ne survey d^ne.

XV. ALL PROVINCES -

. N". Examined -a 1o F o m a 1 o T r t a 1Age in Years M F !T-tal N^. P-s! % Pes. N-. P"sl % Poe. No. Pesi % Ps.

Less than i - 2 2 - n~no - 0 - 01-5 452 436 888 - 0 - 0 - 06 - 10 575 503 1078 3(4) 0.5(0.7) 2 0.4 5(4) 0.5(0.4)11 - 15 452 417 869 5(1) 1.1(0.2) 5(5) 1.2(1.2) 10(6) 1.2(0.7)16 - 2o 274 287 561 7(2) 2.-6(0.7) 4(3) 1.4(1.0) 11(5) 2.0(0.9)21 - 25 238 200 447 11(3) 4.6(1.) 9 4.3 20(3) 4.5(0.7)26 - 30 231 220 451 13(1) 5.6(0.4) 3(2) 1.4(0.9) 16(3) 3.5(0.731- 35 171 135 306 5(1) 2.9(0.6 1(1) 0.7(0.7) 6(2) 2.0(0.6)36 - 40 147 135 282 6 4.1 4(2) 3.0(1.5) 10(2) 3.5(0.7)-4 - 45 94 73 167 7(l) 7.4(1.1) 4(2) 5.5(2.7) 11(3) 6.6(1.8)46- 50 77 75 152 3 3.9 3 4.0 6 3.951-55 50 38 88 3 6.0 1 2.6 4 4.5

56-70 37. 46 83 3 8.1 2 4.3 5 6.061 & -vor 40 32 72 6(l) 15.0(2.5) - 0 6(l) 8.3(3.1)

All kie 2838 2608 5446 72(14) 2.5(0.5) 38(15) 1.4(0.5)110(29) 2.0(0.5)

(NOT" Figures in pRrenthosis are B. malavi oqses. All %thors re . banoreftioaos).

mmz- -- 30m-

Tqblo 3. PROPORTION POSITIVE FOR FILARIA AND THE RATIO (R) OFPREVALENCE RATES BETWEEN SEXES IN MUNICIPALITIES

SURVEYED, MINDANAO, 1968

Porcont Positivo Femalo PR*- Both Sox@9 Malo PR

I. AGUSANBunawan 6.0 0.53Jabnnga 0 -La Paz 1.3 0.50Loto 3.5 1.09Prosporidad 2.0 0.37Talac ogon 1.4 2.00

II. BUKIDNONDon Carlos 0.4 0Valonola 0 -

III. COTABATO NORTEAmpqtuan 0Buluan 0 -

IV. COTABATO SURTupi 0.7 0

V. DAVAO DEL NORTEAsuncimn 2.1 0.46Compstel09 0.9Kapalong 8.7 0.56Monkayo o.6 0.50Mrntevista 0 -Now Baeten 0 -

VI. DAVAO ORIENTALGov. Gonoerso 4.4 0.55Mati 5.3 1.38Tarag or 6.1 0

VII. LANAO DEL SURTamaran 0

VIII. SITRIGAO DEL NORTEMainit 2.0 1.35Tubod 3.8 0.28

IX. SURIGAO DEL SURBarobo 6.5 0.73Hinatuan 10.1 1.38

Fomlo PR - Fomale Provaloneo RteMale PR - Mal Provalonco RatO

- 31 -

I

Table 4+. FILARIA. PREVALENCE RATES* AND EXTENT OF ABACA PLANTATION IN PERCENTOF AVAILABLE FARM AREA, BY MUICIPALITY, MINDANAO.

(FILARI& CONTROL SERVICES SURVEYS, 1961-1968)

Hectareswl Abacain Percent

Available r-f Availa-Prt'vinoo and Numbeor Number Percent Farm Area ble Farm

Municiality Exqmined P"sitive P'^SitiVG In Hcaoel rs

Muniipiityocao Aoam

1. AGUSAN J171 Z 9 .641 211 2.2 5.31Bayugap5 1.4 now tvnwn n tr-WnBueonavista 2,303 18 0.8 4,353 0.3Bunawqn 699 51 7.3 9,868 12.1Butuan City 1,422 8 0.6 22,764 0.1Cabadbaran 1,310 15 1.1 7,424 1.6Jqbnngli 1,016 16 1.6 6,635 1.9Presporidad 1,414, 71 5.0 13,.095 13.2San Francisr' 821 23 2.8 9,349 10.7

2. BUKIDNON (12F I 1PA585 132 .1.0 6.36Dangcagan 1,646 9 0.5 new tv~w-n/4 now t--wnInbatug 710 7 1.0 new trwn& nT trwnImpasug~ng 594 3 0.5 6,077 15.1Kibawe 648 1 0.2 20,495 2.6Libr'nq 858 5 0.6 11,515 3.6Malaybalay 1,338 3 0.2 29,631 8.8Man,,1r' F,,rtich 903 4 0.4 18,674 5.1Maransg 1,437 2 0.1 35,308 0.8Patngqntnoan 1,603 2 0.1 15,622 3.7Sumilaf" 1,048 26 2.5 3,426 23.6Tqlakag 1,091 28 2.6 12,315 17.21Valeno ia 1,084+ 2 0.2 12,738 7.0Malitb, g 625 40 6.4 4,730 15.8

3. NORTH C(TABATO(32) E8 ,3 17 15 0.1 ---- 0d87i|

Anptuin 890 0 0.0 15,680 0.2Buluan 710 0 0.0 52,93 0.02Caron 451 -0 0.0 21,443 ntCnlunmirn 726 0 0.0 now tvwrn now ttrwn,&Datu Piang 1,275 0 0.0 20,726 nrnoDinaig 830 0 0.0 28,631 nVIMIsulan 1,034 0 0.0 19,014 n~noKabacan 685 4 0.6 21t699 0.2Maganny 441 0 0.0 now trfwn now ttwnMagpeot 10,63 2 0.1 now t~wnt now tmwn&MAkilae 17 0 0.0 14,889 0.6MattalRM 730 3 0.4 now tewnV now trwnL4,M'lang 737 0 0.0 ~ )12833 nnnroNnraln 866 0 0.0 9,886 ntnoNuling 1,009 0 0.0 21,050 0.1pelgalongan 475 3 0.6 11,848 ncnoF-Rrang 715 0 0.0 27,207 1.0PigoRWaYan 914 1 0.1 10,520 nfnnoPikit 1,285 0 0.0 24,972 n'enoSultan sa Bar-,nguis 1,267 1 0.1 30,502 nrnoUpi 557 1 0.2 29,621 0.31

iCntinuod n next pge - 33 32 0

B unawan 699 51 - 3 96 2

Table 4. - Cont'd

Hectaresw/ Abacain Percent

Available of Availa-

Prnvince and Number Number Percent Farm Area blo FarmMunicipality . Examined . Positive . Positive . In Hoctares. Are. _L

4. SOUTH COTABATO 9,475 89 0.9Bangs 1,910 1 0.1 23,589 1.7General Santos 826 8 1.0 97,359 1.1Glan 603 0 0.0 26,967 2.5Kiambn 811 56 6.9 18,752 8.7Kornnadal 1,047 0 0.0 14,221 0.8Maitum 468 8 1.7 9,315 o.8Polomolok 561 4 0.7 17,102 1.6Surala 1,024 2 0.2 now tnwnZ4 now townZATacurong 630 0 0.0 14,083 0.03Tamparan 356 0 0.0 now town new townLZTantangan 706 1 0.1 new tnwnt new towVTupi 533 9 1.7 17,804 1.6

5. DAVAO DL /2NORTE(31) 25,822 156 0.6 6.08/3

Asuncin 3,014 18 o.6 26,459 15.5Kapalong 2,643 49 1.8 7,993 19.7Mabini 994 26 2.6 12,324 2.0Panabo 1,628 1 0.1 25,196 1.9Sto. Tomas 441 1 0.2 11,416 7.9Tagum 17,102 61 0.4 17,002 15.5

6. DAVAO ORIENTAL 2,799 5 2.0

Lupon 1,609 16 1.0 11,073 0.1Mati 1,190 39 3.3 24,767 4.1

7. DAVAO DEL SUR 6,n21 226 3.8Digns 659 9 1.4 8,566 0.1

Malala g 1,401 26 1.8 21,309 0.2Malita 2,432 112 4.6 23,836 0.4

Sta. Cruz 1,529 79 5.2 10,139 0.1

8. LANAO DELNORTE(19) 3.382 7 0.2 0.11

Baoolod 303 1 0.3 4,619 noneBaroy 338 0 0.0 2,169 0.2Iligan City 179 2 1.1 7,759 none

Kapatagan 428 0 0.0 12,886 0.01

Kauswagan 267 1 0.4 4,643 noneKolambugan 664 2 0.3 2,045 noneLalR 256 0 0.0 8,430 0.1Linamn 236 0 0.0 2,211 noneTubnd 711 1 0.1 4,918 0.4

( Continued n next page - 34 ) - 33 -

Table 4. - Onnt'dHectaresw/ Abacain Percent

Available of Availa-Prnvince and Number Number Percent Farm Area ble FarmMunicipality . Examined . Positive . Pesitive . In HoctarosL . ArOeL .

9. LANAO DEL SUR (28)21,890 1 0.1 3.07Balindnng 272 0 0.0 3,035 nnneB ays ng 291 0 0.0 3,175 17.7Bubong 237 0 0.0 3,800 noneGanassi 214 0 0.0 3,783 0.4Lumbatan 131 0 0.0 5,204 3.714adarba 145 0 0.0 818 noneMalabang 291 1 0.3 14,006 3.5Mnlundo 112 0 0.0 1,369 noneTamparan 197 0 0.0 1,973 none

10. MISAMIS occiDwTTAL(I5)L2 4,364 6 0.1 0.61Aleran 504 0 0.0 3,769 0. 7

Bnnifacin 574 0 0.0 6,676 3.4Calamba. 408 1 0.2 3,917 0.5Clarin 504 0 0.0 3,799 0.2Jimenez 459 0 0.0 4,140 0.8Lopez Jaonr 256 2 0.8 5,273 0.2Sapang Dalaga 552 3 0.5 4,322 0.8Tangub 887 0 0.0 7,486 0.3Tudela 220 0 0.0 4,358 0.4

11. MISAMIS 0RIENTAL(24)/8.636 144 1.7 2.35

Alubijid 505 0 0.0 8,797 0.1Balingasag 627 9 1.4 7,837 8.2BalingaRn 727 6 0.8 2,080 0.4Clavoria 335 4 1.2 9,998 15.1El Salvador 667 1 0.1 3,596 nnInitac 622 11 1.8 6,039 0.2Jasaan 767 28 3.6 4,532 2.9Kinnguitan 717 9 1.2 4,876 0.2Lagonglnng 427 10 2.3 3,061 5.7Lugait 274 0 0.0 now townL now town&antioa, 344 2 0.6 4,953 0.8

Naawan 541 13 2.4 2,503 0.5Salay 928 35 3.8 4,907 4.2Tagoloan 489 10 2.0 4,587 0.1Talisay 666 6 0.9 6,029 0.05

12. SURIGAO DEL NORTE(21)ZI12.374 339 2.7 0.32

Ananaon 1,907 38 2.0 2,566 noneClavor 1,704 81 4.8 2,636 noneGigaquit 703 6 0.8 2,905 noneMainit 1,461 31 2.1 6,187 1.5Malimono 879 24 2.7 2,629 nonePlaeoor 1,127 24 2.1 3,369 1.0Sison 908 50 5.5 3,298 0.5Surigan 1,453 45 3.1 7,264 nosnoTagRnann 633 23 3.6 2,463 nneTubnd 1,599 17 1.1 1.926 0.2

( Continued n next pago - 35 )3 -

Table 4.- Ce~nt'dHootqrosw/ AbacaiIn Percent

Availablo nf~ Availq-Prtvinco and Number Number Percent Frm Area bl Fre

Municipality . Examined . Pnsitive . P'sitivo . In HoctarosJ Are .

13. SURIGAO DEL SiR (137,235 228 3.2 9..48

Barmbn 1,071 77 7.2 now tnwA.4 new t-wn.4Cortos 1, 276 49 3.8 3,960 6.1Hin.atuan 325 8 2.5 17,679 11.7Lianga 866 36 4.2 8,902 6.2Malixi 846 20 2.4 now tnwn/ now t-wn&Tagr 1, 025 24 2.3 15,632 3.5Tandag 1,826 14 0.8 4,118 no

14. ZAMBOANGA DELNORTE (15) 4,728 39 0.8 1.44

Dapitan 385 3 0.8 12,927 0.2Katipunan 454 1 0.2 14,312 0.3La Libortad 347 2 0.6 3,624 6.0MAnukan 223 0 0.0 9,096 0.2utia 615 7 1.1 new tewn& now tnwnZL

New Pifian 667 13 1.9 16,108 7.0Pnlanco 1,025 11 1.1 11,016 1.0Risal 244 0 0.0 5,888 0.3Sindangan 768 2 0.3 13,753 0.1

15. ZAMOANGA DEL/9SUR (23) -6 4.054 14 0.3 0.46

Aur-ra 240 0 0.0 7,121 1.0Dunmlinar 230 0 0.0 14,666 0.04Dumingag 643 0 0.0 22,378 0.3Ipil 117 0 0.0 14,724 0.02Kabasalan 356 3 0.8 5,129 0.3Kumlarang 207 1 0.5 4,464 nfnoMahavg 609 2 0.3 nw trvA& now tnl=Amr1avo 441 0 0.0 17,486 0.4Olutang. 735 4 0.5 8,733 0.2S1ay 438 1 0.2 10,123 0.2Titay 38 3 7.9 new t-Wr now t-nVn

Ai - Data ^btainod from the 1960 Agricultural Census, Bureau Af the Censusand Statistics.

- Figures in parenthesis are the t-tal number --f muniipalities f'r eachpr,,vineo as ^f tho 1960 consus.

/ - Fr-r the three Davas.-figures available in 1960 Agricultural Consus.

F-r the tw,- C tabat 3s.- 35 -

Teblo 5. FILARIA PRVATMENCE R4TES AND EXTEMT OF ABACA PLANTATIONIN PEOWEIT OF AVAILA3LE FARM AREA BY PROVINCE, MINDANAO.

Hoetaros wiiFilaria Prevalence Rates () Abaca in Per-Institute Filaria Available ocnt rf Avail-"f Hy- Contrnl Ser- Farm Ares able Farm A

Province . gieno Survey . vices SurvoyL. In Hoct! *at . Ar'a/a

Agusan 2.65(6) 2.19(6) 120,090 5.31

Bukidnnn 0.31(2) 0.97(13) 175,625 6.36

C,'tabnt 4 0.38(3) 0.37(33) 704,907 0.87

DavaLA 2.14(9) 1.26(12) 460,385 6.08

Lanar, del N.,rto 0 (1) 0.21(9) 89,402 0.11

Lana^ del Sur 0.05(9) 130,007 3.07

Misamis Occidental - . 0.14(9) 72,468 0.61

Mismis Oriental -- 1.67(15) 140,805 2.35

Suri e^ do. Nrrto 2.45(2) 2.74(lC) 73,754 0.32

Suriga del Sur 7.54,(2) 3.15(7) 89,785 9.48

Zgmbv'enge del M'rte - 0.82(9) 135,068 1.44

Zvtmbranga del Sur - 0.34(11) 312,668 0.46

IOTE: Figures in parenthesis after provalonce f 4 quen are the nunber nf municipalitiesorvorod by each survey.

Filaria C'ntr1 Stirvico, Department ^f Health Survojs, 1961-1968.Bureau '.t the Census arnd Statistics Agriculture flonsus, 1960.P^r the orn.binod pr'vincos #f O-tabatn.F-r the cr-mbinod provincos #f Davan.

- 36 -

Table 6. AVERAGE MICROFILARIAL DENSITY (20 nM3) BY AGE, SEXAND PROVINCE, MINDANAO, 1968. A M.

Cvunt per 20 ;m3

I. AGUTt- atl Mt. Oeunt %1^fd pr p]sitive

Ago inYoears . M . F -1. Tntal . . M .j. F .!. Tntal

1-5 " - - " -6 - 1o 3(6) - 3(6) 1.5(l.5) - 1.S(.)11 - 15 20(3) 4(13) 24(16) 100.0.0) 1.3(3.2) 4.8(3.2)16 - 20 153(10) 1() 154(13) 51.0(5.0) 1.0(1.5) 38.5(3.2)21 - 25 33(5) 12 45(5) 8.2(2.5) 4.0 6.4(2.5)26 - 30 18(2) 1(1) 19(3) 18.0(2.o) .o(.o) 19.5(1.5)31 - 35 2(2) 4(1) 6(3) 2.0(2.0) 4.0(1.0) 3.0(1.5)36 - 40 13 (5) 13(5) 6.5 (2.5) 6.5(2.5)41 - 45 6(31) (4) 6(35) 6.001.0) (2.0) 6.0(11.7)46- 50 1 1 2 1.0 1.0 1.051- 55 - - .- -56- 60 8 - 8 8.0 - 8.061 & evor 12(9) - 12(9) 3.0(9.0) - 3.0(9.0)

All Agog 269(68) 23(2) 292(95) 12.2(5.2) 2.3(2.2) 9.1(3.8)

II. D&V& DE2AIQK -

1- 56 - 10 .- -.

1- 15 2 17(1) 19(1) 2.0 17.o(1.o 9.5(1.o16- 2 - (2S (2)- (2.0 (,.o21 - 25 179(15) 12 191(15) ".8(15.0) 4.0 27.3(15.0)26 - 30 11 (3) 11(3) 5.5 (3.0) 5.(.0)31 -35 5 5 2.5 2.536-40 - 1 1.0 -1.0

41 - 45 3 3 3.0 3.046 - 50 - - - m51-55 8 8 8.0 8.056 - 60 - - -

61 & over 22 - 22 11.0 11.0

All Ages 231(15) 29(6) 260(21) 16.5(15.0) 7.2(2.0) 14.4(5.2)

(NOTZ: Figures in parenthesis are to-tal oeunts for M- . c ases. All #tbor ar

W, bamrifti oases.)

(Onntinuod on next page - 38 )

- 37 -

Ta'slo 6. - Cont'd

III. DAVAO ORIENTAL - Average Mi.Count per 20 =a3

Total Mr. Count blood por positiveAge in Yoars • • M ... F .. Total . . M . F .j. Total

1- 5 ......6-10 - 1...

11 15 ......16 -20 3 19 22 3.0 9.5 7.321 -25 74 - 74 37.0 - 37.026 -30 22 - 22 7.3 - 7.331 -35 2 - 2 2.0 - 2.036 -40 36 - 36 36.0 - 36.041 - 45 - - - - -46 -50 5 - 5 5.0 - 5.051 -55....56 -.60-.61 & nver - - - - -

All Agos 142 19 161 15.8 9.5 14.6

IV. sURIQO R NOs -

1-5 ......6 -10 15 - 15 15.0 - 15.0

11 - 15 - - - - -16- 20 35 2 37 35.0 2.0 18.521 - 25 - - - - - -26 - 30 125 46 171 41.7 46.0 42.831 - 35 6 - 6 6.0 - 6.036 - 40 - - - - -41 - 45 83 24 107 41.5 12.0 26.846- 50 - 2 2 - 2.0 2.051 - 55 32 - 32 32.0 - 32.056 - 60 - 10 10 - 10.0 10.061 & ovr .... -

All Ags 296 84 380 32.9 12.0 23.8

V. UI O DEiL SUR -

1 - 5----6-10 - 2.0 2.0

11 - 15 20 5 25 10.0 5.0 8.316- 20 200 - 200 100.0 - 100.021-25 - 6 6 m 2.0 2.026-30 62 2 64 15.5 2.0 12.831 - 35 .- -.36 - 40 38 27 65 38.0 9.0 16.241 -45 38 23 61 12.7 U.5 12.246- 50 83 24 107 83.0 2A.0 53.551 - 55 10 62 72 10.0 62.0 36.056- 60 28 8 36 14.0 8.0 12.061 & mer ......

All Ags 479 161 640 30.0 10.7 20.6

- 38-

Table 7. DISTRIBUTION OF GASES BY INTENSITY OFMIGROFTLAREMI&, MINDANAO, 1968

Mf. CountPor I. A G U 8AN II. RAYAODE. NORTE

! 20 ; I I M 11. F 11 Total I I M It F 11 Total I

1 - 5 11(10) 9(11) 20(21) 8 2(2) 10(2)6- 1o 3(2) 1(1) 4(3) 3 1 4

11- 25 7 - 7 1(1) 1 2(1)26- 50 (1) - (1) 1 - 151- 100 - - - -

101- 200 1 - 1 1 - 1

TOTAL 22(13) 10(12) 32(25) 14(1) 4(2) 18(3)

Highest Hf.Count 123(01) 7(0) - 134(15) 17(3) -

Md H. Cnunt 5.5(2.0) 1.5(2.0) 2.5(2.0) 4.5(15) 5.0(2.0) 4.5(2.0)

Nf. CountPar III. DAVAO ORIENtTL 1.7, SURIGLO DEL NORTE

1 20 j= , 1 M !I F I! Total I ! M 11 I Total I

1 -5 5 1 6 -4 46-10o 2 - 2 1 1 2

11 -25 - 1 1 2 1 326 -50 1 -1 4 1551 -100 1 -1 2 - 2101- 0 - - - - -

W(TAL 9 2 11 9 7 16

ff. Cv-untPer V, SlRI.3L0 DE. SUR VI. ALL PRIVINCUI_ aN II M- it, 11 t al !I t! .1 P 1 Total I

- 5 5 9 14 29(10) 25(14) 5412,)102 2 4 12(2 51 7

11 -25 14 3 7 15(1 62151 - 100 2 1 3 5 1 6

101- 20 1 - 1 3 - 3

TOTAL 16 i5 31 72(34) 38(15) 10(29)

HRIhest It. SIIMRAD DEL WAT 81U0A0 DI. SUtRcount 86 5 - 135 62 -

D&AO ORIUTAL ALL PRIWBfl 15 -135(31) 62(0)

M I. cont suto D. Wm S=AOD D. s27.0 10.0 17.0 34.0 3.0 8.0

DAVAO ORIMITAL ALL PNWIW5.0 9.5 5.0 8.9(4.5) 4.8(3.?) 6.3(4.0

(NOTL Figme in pmntl ets a f. a m g .cms. £il others are . lauwratcams.. Ow cae omab of %. beley , both msls, for BuIddiv andSouth Cotabsto were Imuludod In All Provamo.)

SAsi gle ome of 1. mud "a..

Tablo 8. MICRO*ILURIAL DENSITY OF CASES PER 20 MM3 BLOOD, BY SEX,MINDANAO, 1968.

I. AG(SAN(a) W. banernfti C s sL-E F E M & L E BOTH SEIiS

Mf. Co~unt ' n ' !!UM!! cim.! M. Nn.! !CUM.!! GUM. !I Noi!CU.I! C~UM.po' 20 MM3 ii iFroql % 1, 1, **"Froq'l % I iFroq % I

1 6 6 27.27 5 5 50.00 11 11 34.382 2 8 36.36 2 7 70.00 4 15 46.883 1 9 40.91 1 8 80.00 2 17 53.124 1 10 45.45 1 9 90.00 2 19 59.385 1 11 50.00 - 9 90.00 1 20 62.506 1 12 54.54 - 9 90.00 1 21 65.627 1 13 59.09 1 10 100.00 2 23 76.888 1 1 63.64 - 1 24 75.009 - U 63.64 - - 24 "15.o0

10 - U4 63.64 - - 24 75.0011 -20 21 95.45 - 7 31 96.8821 30 - 21 95.45 - 31 96.Sl31 - 40 - 21 95.45 - - 31 Q6.8841- 50 - 21 95.45 - - 31 96.8851- 60 - 21 95.45 - - 31 96.861 - 70 - 21 95.45 - - 31 96.8871 -80 - 21 95.45 - - 31 96.8881 -90 - 21 95'.45 - - 31 96.8891 - 100 - 21 95.45 - - 31 96.88

101- 20 1 22100.00 - 1 32 100.00T o T A L 22 10 32

(b) l. t Cams -

1 3 3 23.08 5 5 41.67 a 8 32.002 4 7 53.85 3 8 66.67 7 15 60.0OL3 2 9 69.23 3 11 91.67 5 20 e0.004* 1 10 76.92 - 11 91.67 1 21 d~4.005 - 10 76.92 U 91.67 - 21 84.006 - 10 76.92 - 1 91.67 - 21 4.007 1 11 S4.62 1 12 100.00 2 23 92.008 - 11 84.62 - 23 92-.M9 1 12 92.3 1 A 96.00

10 - 12 92 .31 - 96.0011 -2D1 - 12 92-31 - 24 96.0021 -°30 12 92.31 X 2431-40 1 13 100 25 100.00TOTAL 13 12 25

fqInuA I.n n.t page - I II

-40-

Table 8. - CGent'd

II. DAVAO DEL NORTE

W_. ba~-r-fti Gases

MALE FEMALE BOTH SEXES

• C• •urt "'!um.!! oum'. -Cu• GumCum.'"ln.!! CuM.

per 20 m ! : "°'"- ' ! ; , __ ; ; t Nn : "

1 3- 3 20O-v0 !3. 1 14.28 4 4 i9.052 1 4 26.67 _2 3 -42.86 3 7 33.333 1 5 33.33 2 5 71.43 2 9 42.86

4 2 "- 46.67- . 5 71.43 2 ll 52.385 1 8 53.33 - 5 71.43 -1 12 57.146~D i 00 -.4 A3.906 1 9 60 " 5 : 5 7143 1 -1. 1.

it) 1 66.67 1.l 6- 85.1 2 15 71.438 1 1i 73.33 - 6 85.71 2 16 76.19

9 - 11 - 73.33 - 6 -5.71 - 16 76.19

10 - - 11 73.33 ' - 6 85.71 - - 16 76.19

11 -20 2 13, 86.67 1 7 -100.00 3 -19 90.4821 -30 - 13 6.67 - - 19 90.48

31-40 1 14 93.33 - :1 20 95.24

41- 50 - 14 93.33 - - 20 95.24

51- 60 - 14 93.33 - - 20 95.24

61 - 70 - 14 93.33 - - 20 95.2471 - 80, -14 -93.33 - - 20 95.24

81 -90 - 14 93'.33 - - 20 95.2491-1 00 - 14 93.33 - 20 95,24

101 -200 1 15 100.00 - 1 21 100.00

T 0 T - 1 15 '6 21

NOTE: Included in the .Rbove distribution are the 4 B. rli cases.

I11 DaVAC ORIENTAL

W. b.a rfti Cases - BOTH SEXES

Mf. C-unt ' !!cum.!! Cum.

-per 20mm3 '!Fro!!

2 1 1 9.093 2 3 27.27

4 2 5 45.455 1 6 54.546 - 6 54.547 - 6 54.54

8 - 6 54.549 2 8 72.7310 - 8 72.73

11 - 20 1 9 81.8221 - 30 - 9 81.8231 - 40 1 10 90.9141 - 50 - 10 90.9151 - 60 - 10 90.9161 - 70 - 10 90.9171 - 80 1 11 100.0081- 200 -

TOTAL 11

(Cntinuod e^n next page - 42 ) - 41 -

Tablo 8. - Crnt'd

IV. SURIGAO DEL NORTE

W. bancr fti Casos -_______M MA LE FEMALE BOTHSEEMr. Grunt ,!!Cum.!! Cum. ! ! N,.!!Cum.!! Cum. ! ! '!Cum.!! Cum., per ,,!re!__% !- _a, .' . • . .7 %i' _a-

I !! I! - I I I' !! !

1 1" 14.28 1" 1 6.252 - - - 2 3 42.86 2 3 18.753 .- 3 42.86 - 3 18.75

4 .- 3 42.86 - 3 18.755 - - - 1 4 57.14 1 4 25.006 1 1 11. - 4 57.4 1 5 31.257 1 1 - 4 57.14 - 5 31.258 1 1 - 4 57.14 - 5 31.259 - 1 11.11 - 4 57.14 - 5 31.25

10 - 1 11.11 1 5 71.43 1 6 37.5011 - 20 2 3 33.33 1 6 85.71 3 9 56.2521 - 30 2 5 55.56 - 6 85.71 2 11 68.7531 - 40 2 7 77.78 - 6 85.71 2 13 81.2541 - 50 - 7 77.78 1 7 100.00 1 14 87.5051 - 60 1 8 88.89 - 1 15 93.7561 - 70 - 8 88.89 - - 15 91.75

71- 80 - 8 88.89 - - 15 93.75

81-90o 1 9 100.00 - 1 16 100.00o

TOTAL 9 7 16

-V. SURIGAO DEL SUR

W. bancrnfti Casos -

. - - - 3 3 20.00 3 3 9.68

2 - - - 3 6 40.00 3 6 19.353 3 3 18.75 2 8 53.33 5 11 35.484- - 3 18.75 - 8 53.33 - 11 35.48

- 5 2 5 31.25 1 9 60.00 3 14 45.16 - 5 31.25 1 10 66.67 1 15 48.397 - 5 31.25 - 10 66.67 - 15 48.398 - 5 31.25 1 1i 73.33 1 16 51.61

9 - 5 31.25 - 11 73.33 - 16 51.6110 2 7 43.75 - 11 73.33 2 18 58.0611 -20 2 9 56.25 1 12 80.00 3 21 67.7421 - 30 2 11 68.75 2 14 93.33 4 25 80.6431 - 40 1 12 75.00 - 14 93.33 1 26 83.8741 - 50 1 13 .81.25 - 14 93.33 1 27 87.1051 - 60 - 13 81.25 - 14 93.33 - 27 87.1061 - 70 1 14 87.50 1 15 100.00 2 29 93.5571 - 80 - 14 87.50 - - 29 93.5581 - 90 -1 15 93.75 - 1 30 96.7791 - 1i0 - 15 93.75 - - 30 96.77101 - 200 1 16 100.00 - 1 31 100.00

T 0 T A L 16 15 31

- C-ntinuod n next paie - 43 ),|- 42-.-,

Table 8. - Cnrattd

VI. OVERALL

+-* m*

s. W. baner-fti Casos b. B. mala-vi Cases

_______________ BOTH SEZES B OTH SEXEME. Count !! !!Gum.!! Cum. ! ! !!Cum.!! out.per 20 mm3 ! t.?Fo! % ! N,!If~ro!!i.%

1 *18 18 1636 9 9 31O3!2 12 30 27.27 8 17 58.623 11 41 37.27 6 23 79.314 6 47 42.73 1 24 82.765 7 54 49.09 - 24 82.766 4 58 52.73 - 214 82.767 4 62 56.36 2 26 89.668 3 65 59.09 - 26 89.669 3 68 61.82 1 27 93.1010 3 71 64.54 - 27 93.1011 -20 17 88 80.00 1 28 96.5521 - 30 6 94 85.45 - 28 96.5531 -40 5 99 90.00 1 29 100.0041 - 50 2 101 91.82 -

51- 6o 1 102 92.73 -61 -70 2 104 94.54 -

71 - 80 1 105 95.45 -

81-90o 2 107 97.27 -

91 - 100 - 107 97.27 -

101 -200 3 110 100.00 -

TO0T AL 110 29

Included in the distributinn aro 2 W. bancr~nfti casos frrnm Bukidnenqnd Sr~uth Ctabat",.

-43-

Table 9. MICROFILARENIA RATES AND SOME VALUES OBTAINEDFROM THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CFMICROFILARIAL DENSITY, BY PROVINCE

MINDANAO, 968

Micro- Medianiarei 14icrofi- Percent ! z

filaremia Ilarial of CasesRates Count with ! a b% (MfD oMf l b

I Province I Sex I W.b. BMj W.b.1 W.b.1 W.b.1 B.m.1 W.b. B.n. W.b.1 B..I

Agusan M 2.3 1.4 3.73 1.76 ? 35 4.20 4.61 :.4o .58

F 0.9 1.1 0.98 1.12 51 46 5.01 4.89 1.79 2.23

Both 1.6 :.2 2.25 -4.25 32 44 4.53 4.84 1.33 t.68

Davao del M 2.0 0.1 3.98 - 22 - 4.22 - 1.130 -

Norte** F 0.6 0.5 2.51 - 20 - 4.17 - 2.07 -

Both 1.4 0.3 3.27 - 24 - 4.31 - 1.34 -

Davao Both 5.0 - 5.95 - 1i - 3.79 - 1.56 -Oriental

Surigao M 2.8 - 22.31 - .i - 1.47 - 2.62 -

del Norte F 2.1 - 4J*6 - 19 - 4.12 - 1.36 -

Both 2.4 - 11.03 - 4 - 3.19 - 1.74 -

Surigao M 7.8 - 12.96 - 3 - 3.18 - 1.63 -

del Sur F 7.3 - 3.22. - 24 - 4.30 - 1.37 -

Both 7.5 - 7.02 - 10 - 3.72 - 1.51 -

Over-all Both 2.0 0.5 5.13 1.37 5 41 3.94 4.77 1.48 1.66

SPercent of cases with microfilariae count i.

* Included in W.b. are the 4 B.m. cases.W.b.-W. bancroftiB.m.-B. malayi,a & b are constants in the regression equation.

-44-

Table 10. AVERAGE MICROFILARIAL DENSITIES FOR B. MALAYIBY AGE, PALAWAN, SULU AND AGUSAN,

1965, 1967 AND 1968.

PALAWAPAL AWANL S UL AGUSAN

Age in Number Ave. Mt. Numer Ave. MN. Number Ave. Mf.Years Positive ..Count/Pos. Positivg .. Count/Pos... Pesitive .. Count/Fos.4

Loss than 1 - 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0

1 - 5 24 13.3 1 4.0 - 0.0

6- lo 37 17.1 5 6.2 4 1.5

11- 15 17 33.1 3 5.6 5 3.2

16- 20 18 41.7 2 14.0 4 3.2

21 - 25 18 6.1 2 14.5 2 2.5

26 - 30 22 43.3 4 2.0 2 1.5

31 - 35 13 39.5 4 4.0 2 1,5

36 - 40 14 39.5 5 1.6 2 2.5

41 - 45 9 21.0 - 0.0 3 11.7

46- 50 4 15.8 - 0.0 - -

51- 55 4 57.5 - 0.0 - -

56- 60 1 4.0 1 8.0 - -

61 & ovor 3 2.3 2 1.5 1 9.0

T 0 T A L 184 26.6 29 5.2 25 3.8

Prevalence _ x = 4q - x 21000.78 x 100 1.2

Rate (%) 3726 3695 2034

Rango of Mf.ounts/20 m3 1-800 1-29 1-31

Median Mf.Counts/20 mm3 6 3 2

LA - Cabrera ot a.: Bancrftian and mlayan filariasis in Palawan Extont anddistribution. Acta Mod. Phil. I(sor. 2)120, 1966.

/2 - Cabrora ot 1J.: The socond endemic focus for malayan filariasis in theRepublic (,f the Philippinos. Acta Mod. Phil. I (ser. 2)s

i, 1968.

-45 -

-=TW AA- I

IIDepartment of Parasitology, Institute of Hygiene Iunalsifted .iUniversity of Philippines, Manila,, P.I. enwip

FILAHIASIS STUDIES IN MINDANAO ISLAND (U)

Final Report, J-253-6 Oct ct 68.

Cabrera, B. D.

/ Jauarz 14 .. I

A-C'M AF-S92-544-68-m O5PowT Noee . J-253

I 3AOI5A7TIQ

02 03nF

This document has been approved for public release and sale; its distribution is

unlimited.

I=V W&VW i. gWm 06TARV Aev

* Intra Army Order Number 87l2 U.S. Army R&D Group (Far East)APO San Francisco 96343

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the endemic areas for malayanfilariasis in the island of Mindanao by means of spot or selective surveys. Night

,Alood smears were taken from individuals whose dwellings are located close to freshwater swamps which are ideal breeding places for the vector mosquitoes. Giemsa-

stained blood smears were sent by air for examination at the Institute of Hygiene.The most relevant finding in this study is the finding of an endemic focus forBrugia maayi (malayan filariasis) in four municipalities of the province of Agusan.Out of 2,034 persons examined, a total of 25 B. mal&l cases (1.2 percent) werefound from Agusan. This finding coupled with the presence in the area of freshwater swamps we may safely state that we have found the third endemic focus formalayan filariasis in the Republic of the Philippines. Although we found 4 scat-tered B. m cases from North Davao we are not convinced that the area isendemic for malayan filariasis. It is very possible that infection could have beencontracted from Agusan being just adjacent to North Davao. Futilre investigatorsshould always try to differentiate filariasis caused by W. bancrofti from thatcaused oy B. malayi particularly in Agusan and North Davao. Epidemiological obser-vations in past surveys on W. bancrofti were confimed, such as: correlation ofabaca industry and endemicity of bancroftian filariasis; higher peevalence amongmales than females; higher in older than in younger age groups. (Author)

W.'T,-- -473 Unclassifiedi __eL .... ,-,,

Unclassified

LON19 A LIN* LI CSNRev WUWDII __

MOLG wit'~ W

FilariasisMosquitoesInfectionBlood survey'EidemiologyMicrofilariaMindanao, Philippines

WWAM NOMMU