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Page 1: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS

CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS

CONTENTS

RESOURCES

ACTIVITY

LINKS

Page 2: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Contents

The simplest living things

Protoctist kingdom

ProtozoaAlgae

Microorganisms

Beneficial or harmfulIllnessesProtection

Monera kingdom

CharacteristicsClassificationNutritionReproduction

HOME

Viruses

CharacteristicsInfection process

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ACTIVITY LINKS

Page 3: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

HOME

Resources

What are algae like?

What are protozoa like?

What are bacteria like?

How are bacteria classified?

Bacteria nutrition How do bacteria reproduce and interact?

What is a virus like?

Viral infection process

Illnesses Protection against infectious diseases

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ACTIVITY LINKS

Animation: Monerans and Protoctists

Interactive activity: Protoctists

Links

Are all microorganisms harmful?

Page 4: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

genetic material

What are bacteria like?

flagellum

capsule

cell wall

cellmembrane

cytoplasm

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• Unicellular• Prokaryote• Most are heterotrophs.• Some form colonies.• Habitat: all types

Page 5: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

What are protozoa like?

• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats

zooplankton

Classification (according to the way they move)

CLICK TO LEARN MORE

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Ciliates

Rhizopods Sporozoa

FlagellatesFlagellates

Page 6: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats

zooplankton

Ciliates Flagellates

Rhizopods Sporozoa

What are protozoa like?

GO BACK

flagellum

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Classification (according to the way they move)

Trypanosoma

Page 7: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats

zooplankton

Flagellates

Rhizopods Sporozoa

Flagellates

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Classification (according to the way they move)

Paramecium

What are protozoa like?

cilia

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Ciliates

Page 8: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats

zooplankton

Classification (according to the way they move)

Ciliates

Rhizopods Sporozoa

What are protozoa like?

pseudopods

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Amoeba

FlagellatesFlagellates

Page 9: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

What are protozoa like?

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Plasmodium

No movement.

• Unicellular• Eukaryotes• Heterotrophs• Aquatic habitats

zooplankton

Classification (according to the way they move)

Ciliates

Rhizopods Sporozoa

FlagellatesFlagellates

Page 10: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

What are algae like?

Classification (according to pigment)

CLICK TO LEARN MORE

• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats

phytoplankton

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FlagellatesBrown algae

FlagellatesRed algae

FlagellatesGreen algae

FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi

Page 11: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Classification (according to pigment)• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats

phytoplankton

What are algae like?

GO BACK

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FlagellatesBrown algae

FlagellatesRed algae

FlagellatesGreen algae

Red pigment

FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi

Page 12: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Classification (according to pigment)• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats

phytoplankton

What are algae like?

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GO BACKFlagellatesBrown algae

FlagellatesRed algae

FlagellatesGreen algae

Green, yellowish pigment

FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi

Page 13: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

• Unicellular or multicellular• Eukaryotes• Autotrophs• Some form colonies.• Aquatic habitats

phytoplankton

FlagellatesBrown algae

FlagellatesRed algae

FlagellatesGreen algae

What are algae like?

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chlorophyll

Green pigment

FlagellatesSymbiosis between algae and fungi

Classification (according to pigment)

Page 14: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

What are lichen?

Symbiosis between unicellular algae and fungi

unicellular algae

fungal hyphae

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Lichen (under a microscope)

Fruticose lichen

Types of lichen

Foliose lichen

Crustose lichen

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Page 15: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Animation: Monerans and Protoctists

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ACTIVITY LINKS

OPENOPEN

Page 16: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Bacteria nutrition

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Photosynthesis

Parasites

Saprophytes

Heterotrophs Autotrophs

Symbionts

Page 17: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Parasites

Heterotrophs Autotrophs

Bacteria nutrition

• feed off living things• cause illnesses (tuberculosis, cholera)

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Saprophytes

Symbionts Photosynthesis

Page 18: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Bacteria nutrition

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Parasites

Saprophytes

Heterotrophs Autotrophs

Symbionts Photosynthesis

• live on dead or decomposing matter • are used to make food

milk

cheese

yoghurt

Page 19: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Bacteria nutrition

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Parasites

Saprophytes

Symbionts

Heterotrophs Autotrophs

• live in the bodies of other living things

intestinal bacteria

Photosynthesis

Page 20: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Bacteria nutrition

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Parasites

Saprophytes

Heterotrophs

Symbionts

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

oxygen +

organic substances

cyanobacteriaAutotrophs

carbon dioxide

Page 21: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

How are bacteria classified?

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spherical

Coccus

curved -rod shaped

Vibrio

Bacillus

rod-shaped

Spirillum

helical

Page 22: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

How do bacteria reproduce and interact?

Binary fissionminutes

0

30

60

90

1.500

1.000

50

Time (in hours)5 15 20

unfavourable

growth of bacteria

Environmental conditions

Sporulation

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amount of bacteria (in millions)

favourable

resistant spores

START

Page 23: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

How do bacteria reproduce and interact?

Binary fissionminutes

0

30

60

90

1.500

1.000

50

time (in hours)5 15 20

unfavourable

growth of bacteria

Environmental conditions

Sporulation

HOME RESOURCESCONTENTS

CLOSEBACK

ACTIVITY LINKS

amount of bacteria (in millions)

favourable

resistant spores

GO BACK

Page 24: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

What is a virus like?

• Extremely small• Obligate parasites• Unable to move• Extensive habitat

capsid

nucleic acidHIV virus

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viral envelope (membrane)

Page 25: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

cell

virus

Viral infection process

The virus enters the cell.

Reproduction and assembly of viral components.

New viruses leave the cell.

1

1

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2

3

2

3

Page 26: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Are all microorganisms harmful?

Beneficial microorganisms Harmful microorganisms

intestinal flora

food

antibiotics

pathogenic microorganisms

spoilage

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decomposer microorganisms

plankton

illnesses

Page 27: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Infection

headache

vomiting

fever

Illnesses caused by microorganisms

Transmission

sexual transmission

in food or water

in air

skin

Female Anopheles mosquito

Plasmodium

Malaria

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Mortality of someinfectious diseases

Page 28: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Illnesses caused by microorganisms

Transmission

sexual transmission

in food or water

in air

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skin

Number of deaths per 100,000 inhabitants

Pneumonia

Tuberculosis

Diarrhea

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980

250

200

150

100

50

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Page 29: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Protection against infectious disease

ResourcesVaccinesAntibiotics

Alexander Flemingdiscovered penicillin.

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Wash your hands before eating.

Eat fresh food.

Prevention

vaccination

penicillin

Edward Jennerdiscovered vaccination.

Page 30: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

HOME

Interactive activity: Protoctists

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OPENOPEN

Page 31: U07 The simplest living things

Essential Natural Science 1Unit 7

Links

HOME

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GO TO WEBSITE

Microbe zoo

GO TO WEBSITE

Meet the microbes