u1l4 - formation of the solar system · formation of the solar system nebular theory. interstellar...

10
FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Nebular Theory

Upload: truonghuong

Post on 01-Jul-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

Nebular Theory

INTERSTELLAR CLOUDSStars and planets form from interstellar clouds

Interstellar clouds contain Hydrogen and Helium gas with small amounts of other elements and dust

Orion Nebula

COLLAPSING CLOUDAt first density of interstellar gas is low

Gravity draws matter together until it is concentrated enough to form stars and planets

COLLAPSE ACCELERATESRotation causes cloud to spin faster and collapse to gradually accelerate - due to centripetal force

Rotation slows collapse in equatorial plane - flattened

Becomes rotating disk with dense [matter] at center - protostar

SUN IS FORMEDSun formed when dense [gas and dust] at center of rotating disk reached a temperature and pressure high enough to fuse Hydrogen into Helium

Rotating disk surrounding our young Sun became solar system

TEMP GRADIENTArea closest to center was warm, outer edge was cold

Results in different elements and compounds condensing at varying distances from sun - affects planet composition

PLANET COMPOSITIONInner planets rich in higher melting point elements

Outer planets composed of lighter, more volatile elements

Temp gradient is reason outer planets and their moons are mostly gases and ices, and inner planets are rocky and dense

PLANETS ARE FORMED

Tiny grains accumulate and merge to form large particles

Particles grow as grains collide - form planetesimals hundreds of km’s in diameter

Growth continues as planetesimals collide and merge to form planets

Called Nebular Theory

DEBRISDebris - material that remained after planets and satellites formed

Debris that didn’t crash into planets or get ejected from solar system became comets or asteroids

Most asteroids found b/w Jupiter and Mars in asteroid belt - held there by Jupiter’s gravitational force

Interstellar Cloud (Nebula)

Gravitational Collapse

Protoplanetary Disk

Protostar

Heat - Fusion

Sun

Condensation (gas to solid)

Metals, Rocks Gases, Ice

Accretion

Terrestrial Planets

Accretion

Jovian Planets Comets

leftover material

leftover materialAsteroids