ubiquitous computing 1 (an introduction)

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Providing computations andcommunications everywhere !!

Ubiquitous Computing

February 2012Presenter : 09BCE035 Arpan Patel

Guide: Dr. S.N. Pradhan

Nirma University of Technology


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Computing Evolution


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The Trends in Computing Technology

1970s

1990s

Late 1990s

Now and Tomorrow ?


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Computers: Size + Number

Le Grand

Napoleon

size number

One Computer

for many people

One Computer

for everyone

Many Computers

for everyone

adapt

edfrom:F.Mattern,

Dagstuhl2002


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Types of Computing

1. Mainframe era(many people, one computer)

2. PC era(one person, one computer)

transition phase ( the internet, mobile

computing, distributed data processing &

storing , social changes , towards

Information Society)

3. Ubiquitous Computing (one person, manycomputers & many people, many computers)


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Reference: Alan Daniel, Georgia Institute of Technology.

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/gacha/daniels_essay.html
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/gacha/daniels_essay.htmlhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_fall/projects/gacha/daniels_essay.html


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Related Topics:

Several terms that share a common vision:

Ubiquitous Computing/Pervasive Computing

Ambient Intelligence Human Computer Interaction

Context Awareness (Context-Aware Pervasive Systems)

Wearable Computing

Intelligent environmentsAugmented reality

Sentient computing


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What makes this possible ? Processing

cheaper, faster, smaller, more energy efficient

Storage

Big, fast and small in size.

Networking

global, local, ad-hoc, low-power, high bandwidth, low

latencies

Displays

projection, flexible materials, power consumption

1GB in Flashcard format


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Video

To be continued

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_

eZ38

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-

GXO_urMow
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZkHpNnXLB0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38


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The Ubiquitous Computing Vision

Mark Weiser (July 23, 1952 - April 27, 1999)

Chief scientist of Xerox PARC

During one of his talks, Weiser outlined a set of

principles describing ubiquitous computing: The purpose of a computer is to help you do something else.

The best computer is a quiet, invisible servant.

The more you can do by intuition the smarter you are; thecomputer should extend yourunconscious.


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Pervasive (Ubiquitous)

Computing Vision

In the 21st century the technology

revolution will move into the everyday,

the small and the invisible

The most profound technologies are thosethat disappear. They weave themselves

into the fabrics of everyday life until they

are indistinguishable from it.

Mark Weiser (19521999), XEROX PARC

Small, cheap, mobile processors and sensorsin almost all everyday objectson your body (wearable computing)embedded in environment (ambient intelligence)


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Ubiquitous Computing

Ubiquitous computing enhances computer use by making many

computers available throughout the physical environment, butmaking them effectively invisible to the user.

Computing capabilities, any time, any place

Machines sense users presence and act accordingly

Devices mostly have low power and short-range wirelesscommunication capabilities.

Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) integrates computation into theenvironment, rather than having computers which are distinct

objects.

The idea of ubicomp enable people to interact with information-processing devices more naturallyand casually, and in ways thatsuit whatever locationorcontextthey find themselves in.

~from Wiki

Source: Weiser 1993a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation


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Ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, calmtechnology

Weiser: Available everywhere Everything connected which ideally weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until

they are indistinguishable from itThe computer of the 21st century., Scientific American, 1991. highest ideal is to make a computer so embedded , so fitting, so

natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.

In Designing Calm Technology, Weiser and John Brown

describe calm technologyas "that which informs but doesn'tdemand our focus or attention".
http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/calmtech/calmtech.htmhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/calmtech/calmtech.htm


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Goals of Pervasive (Ubiquitous)

Computing

Ultimate goal:

Invisible technology

Integration of virtual and physical worlds

Throughout desks, rooms, buildings, and life

Take the data out of environment, leaving

behind just an enhanced ability to act


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Advantages of Pervasive Computing:

Quick,efficient and effortless.

It supports a new class of intelligent andportable appliances or "smart devices" .

It gives people convenient access to relevant

information .

It removes the complexity of new technologies.


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Applications:

Remote computers will monitor our heath

statistics

Cars will use the Internet to find an openparking space or the nearest vegetarian

restaurant for their owners

Used in Digi-tickers or implanted heartmonitors

In development of Smart Clothes.


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Where do we currently stand?

Ubiquitous devices (always at hand): Mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants,

Laptops, etc.

Ubiquitous networks (always available): (W)LAN/MAN (Ethernet & IEEE 802.11)

GSM/GPRS/3G

PANs (Bluetooth, IrDA, AudioNet etc.)

Ubiquitous services Currently mostly location-based


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Related areas

Wearable computing

Intelligent environments

Augmented reality

All will be referred to by umbrella term

of Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)


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General Ubicomp Features (GUF)

There are three general features that areshared across a wide variety of ubicompapplications.

These features are :1. the ability to provide transparent interfaces

2. the ability to automatically adapt the behavior of aprogram based on knowledge of the context of itsuse,

3. the ability to automate the capture of liveexperiences for later recall.


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GUF - (1) TRANSPARENT INTERFACES

Unicom Vision: pervasive computation

without intrusion.

Remove the physical barrier between userand computational device

Keyboard and mouse are still the most

commonly used interfaces !!

Need:

flexible interfaces

Varied interfaces that can provide similar functionality


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GUF - (2) CONTEXT AWARENESS

Context information about the environment in whichthe application operates and reacts accordingly.

LOCATION and TIME are simple examples of context ! Context aware application:

is one which can capture the context assign meaning to it change behavior accordingly

Need:Applications that are context aware and allow rapid

personalization of their services.


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GUF - (3) AUTOMATED CAPTURE

Capture everyday experiences and make therecords available for later use.

Constraints:

Multiplestreams of information Theirtime synchronization

Theircorrelation and integration

Need:

Automated tools that support capture, integration andfuture access of info.


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Pervasive computing provides an attractive vision forthe future of computing

Computational power will be available everywherethrough mobile and stationary devices

Three key features for Ubiquitous Computing1. Transparent Interface2. Context Awareness3. Automated Capture

When Edison finally found a filament that would burn,did he see the possibility of silent but pervasive electricalcurrent flowing throughout our homes, cars andcommunities?


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References

Grand Challenges http://www-se.doc.ic.ac.uk/Projects/UbiNet/GC/index.html

http://indus.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Page

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/icse99/final.html

Mark Weiser. "The world is not a desktop". Interactions; January 1997; pp. 7-8. Mark Weiser, "Hot Topics: Ubiquitous Computing" IEEE Computer, October 1999. Mark Weiser, "Some Computer Science Problems in Ubiquitous Computing,"

Communications of the ACM, July 1997. (reprinted as "Ubiquitous Computing".Nikkei Electronics; December 6, 1997; pp. 137-143.)

Mark Weiser, "The Computer for the Twenty-First Century," Scientific American,pp. 94-10, September 1991
http://www-se.doc.ic.ac.uk/Projects/UbiNet/GC/index.htmlhttp://indus.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/icse99/final.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/ACMInteractions2.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiCompHotTopics.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiCACM.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiCACM.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiCompHotTopics.htmlhttp://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/ACMInteractions2.htmlhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/icse99/final.htmlhttp://www.cc.gatech.edu/fce/pubs/icse99/final.htmlhttp://indus.wikia.com/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://www-se.doc.ic.ac.uk/Projects/UbiNet/GC/index.htmlhttp://www-se.doc.ic.ac.uk/Projects/UbiNet/GC/index.htmlhttp://www-se.doc.ic.ac.uk/Projects/UbiNet/GC/index.html


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Thank You

Questions ?

Comments ?Experiences?

ubiquitous computing 1 (an introduction)

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