ucd15 talk - mark potter - using situational awareness to improve information-rich digital...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“…it’s the le…it’s the right one…”
![Page 2: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Situational Awareness?
![Page 3: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Situational AwarenessBeing aware of what is happening
around you and understanding what that information means to you now
and in the future
Endsley, Bolte and Jones, 2003
![Page 4: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Researched for around 25 years
• Used widely in Aviation, Military, Power Generation, Emergency Management, Medicine
• Also applies to everyday events
• ‘A state variable of the human involved in his or her environment’
![Page 5: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Perception Comprehension Projection
Level 1 SA Level 2 SA Level 3 SA
Sensemaking Predicting
75% 19% 6%
TimeHelps to determine how soon
each element will have an impact on their goals and tasks
Sensing
Endsley, Bolte and Jones, 2003
![Page 6: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Attentional tunnelling
• Limitations in working memory
• Workload, anxiety, fatigue, stress
• Data overload
• Misplaced information priority
• Complexity creep
• Incorrect mental models
• Out-of-the-loop
Endsley, Bolte and Jones, 2003
![Page 7: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Shared Situational AwarenessThe degree to which team members have the same situational awareness
on shared situational awareness requirements
Endsley and Jones, 2001
![Page 8: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• SA is distributed according to hierarchy, space and time
• Strategic, tactical, operational levels
• Individuals’ SA needs to overlap appropriately
• We constantly make assumptions regarding other people’s awareness
![Page 9: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why is Situational Awareness important?
![Page 10: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Information Overload:more information, coming from more
sources
![Page 11: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• More channels of communication
• More distractions
• 60+ notifications a day on our smart phones
• Constant multitasking degrades our concentration
2. (Mieczakowski, Goldhaber and Clarkson, 2011)
1. (Pielot, Church, Oliveira, Telefonica Research, 2014)
1
2
![Page 12: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Unfamiliar Service Models:harder to comprehend and predict
events
![Page 13: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“…the world’s largest taxi company owns no vehicles, the most popular media owner creates no content, the largest accommodation provider owns no real estate…”
(Goodwin, 2015)
![Page 14: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Ironies of Automation:Solves some problems.....creates new
problems
![Page 15: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Takes humans out of the loop
• Makes us passive observers - not ‘doers’
• Prevents us developing mental models
• Degrades our ability to predict and recover from problems
![Page 16: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How can we improve Situational Awareness?
![Page 17: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Research
![Page 18: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Know your ‘machine’ and its operating environment
• Focus on failures - ‘bad is stronger than good’
• Goal-based task analysis
1. (Baumeister et al, 2001)
1
![Page 19: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Design
![Page 20: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Attentional tunnelling - provide the big picture
• Limitations in working memory - gather information
• Workload, anxiety, fatigue, stress - don’t make it worse!
• Data overload - innovate in data presentation and alerts
• Misplaced information priority - match information to goals
• Complexity creep - simplify
• Incorrect mental models - support the novice
• Out-of-the-loop - provide support rather than make decisions
![Page 21: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Evaluation
![Page 22: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Situational Awareness Rating Technique
• Situational Awareness Global Assessment Technique
• Quantitative Analysis of Situational Awareness
1. (DTIC, 2004)
1
![Page 23: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Thank You
![Page 24: UCD15 Talk - Mark Potter - Using Situational Awareness to Improve Information-Rich Digital Experiences](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070519/58ed41211a28ab5e2d8b45d9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
References
• Endsley, M.R., Bolte, B., Jones, D. G. (2003) Designing for Situation Awareness. London: Taylor and Francis.
• Endsley, M.R and Jones, D.G. (2001) A model of inter- and intrateam situation awareness. In M. McNeese, E. Sales & M. Endsley (Eds), New Trends in Cooperative Activities: Understanding systems dynamics in complex environments (pp. 46-67). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
• Mieczakowski, A., Goldhaber, T. and Clarkson, J. (2011) Culture, Communication and Change: Reflections on the user and impact of modern media and technology in our lives. University of Cambridge.
• Pielot, M., Church, K. and de Oliviera, R. (2014) An In-Situ Study of Mobile Phone Notifications. Mobile HCI ’14.
• Goodwin, T. (2015) The Battle for the Customer Interface, in TechCrunch.com.
• Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., Vohs, K.D. (2001). Bad is Stronger than Good, in Review of General Psychology. Vol. 5, No. 4 pp. 323-370.
• McGuinness, B. (2004) Quantitative Analysis of Situational Awareness (QUASA): Applying Signal Detection Theory to True/False Probes and Self-Ratings. 2004 Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium.