Department of Electronics & Communication

PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Submitted to:-Mr. Ashok Kherodia(H.O.D of ECE DEPT.)

Submitted by :Lokesh Motwani

Presentation OnAirports Authority Of India

• Airports Authority of India (AAI) was constituted by an Act of Parliament and came into being on 1st April 1995 by merging erstwhile National Airports Authority and International Airports Authority of India.

• AAI manages 125 airports, which include 16 International Airport, 08 Customs Airports, 89 Domestic Airports and 26 Civil Enclaves at Defence airfields.

There are two departments in an airport.

ATC (Air Traffic Control)

CNS (Communication Navigation Surveillance)

COMMUNICATION:-

• Communication is transfer of information from one person

to another. But the information transferred must be

understandable to the receiver.

NAVIGATION:-

• Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process

of monitoring and controlling the movement of a aircraft.

SURVEILLANCE:-

• The systematic observation of airspace by electronic ,

visual or other means , primarily for the purpose of

identifying and determining the movements of aircraft.

Navigation Equipments

• LOCALIZER

• GLIDE PATH

• DME (Distance Measurement

Equipment)

• DVOR ( Doppler VHF Omni Directional

Range)

• NDB (Non Directional Beacon)

LOCALIZERS

• Localizers is used to identify the center line of the runway.

• The antennas will be located about 1,000 feet from the stop end of the runway.

• The localizer operates in VHF band. The localizer radiates on a carrier frequency between 108- 122Mhz.

• The log periodic dipole antenna is used and quantity of antenna must be 12.

• The signal transmitted consists of two fan shaped patterns that overlap at the centre. The overlap area provides the on-track signal.

Localizer at Udaipur Airport

Frequency for Udaipur Localizer 109.9 MHZ

Working of Localizer(LZZ)

Glide Path

• Glide path is used to determine the landing

angle.

• The glide path is normally adjusted to an angle

of 3°.

• The system operates in the band 329 – 335 MHz

employs three antennas which have vertical

polarization.

• At Udaipur Airport the frequency of Glide path

is 333.8 MHZ

DME

• Distance Measuring Equipment is most

commonly used Navigational Aids.

• It provides pilot with Visual information

regarding his position relative to the ground

based DME station.

• The DME operates in the UHF frequency band

however its frequency can be paired with DVOR.

• Its transmitted frequency is 962–1215MHz &

receiver frequency is 955 – 1113 MHz.

Types of DME

Two types of DME are used

LPDME (Low power distance measurement equipment) & power is 100 watt.HPDME (High power distance measurement equipment) & power is 1 kilowatt.

DOPPLER VHF OMNI DIRECTIONAL RANGE (DVOR)

• VOR is used to determine the bearing angle.

•  Provides bearing to the Aircraft with respect to magnetic

north of the station FREQ RANGE: 108 TO 118 MHz

Operating With 50 KHz Channel.

• In VOR 49 antennas are used including one main antenna

and its polarization is horizontally.

• It is used with high power DME.

PRINCIPLE OF VOR

• Compares phase of two 30 Hz signals known as

reference and variable phase.

• Phase of Reference Signal is independent of

azimuth bearing. CVOR - 30Hz Frequency

Modulation

• DVOR - 30 Hz Amplitude Modulation

• Phase of Variable Signal Varies degree per degree

with Magnetic North of Aircraft

DVOR

NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON(NDB)

• Oldest form of radio navigation still in use.

• Operate in the LF/MF range (190 – 535 kHz- or

between 100 and 10,000 meters).

• Still in use because of its simplicity and low cost

to set up and operate + decent accuracy.

• Used for en-route nav. In much of the world.

NDB TOWER

NDB ANTENNA

Frequency used at M.P Airport

Name of Equipments Frequency

1) VHF 122.3 M.HZ

2) Localizer (LZZ) 109.9 M.HZ

3) Glide Path 333.8 M.HZ

4) DME (LP) TX 997 M.HZ

RX 1060 M.HZ

5) DME (HP) TX 1193 M.HZ

RX 1130 M.HZ

6) DVOR 115.9 M.HZ

7) NDB 384 K.HZ

Thank you !