udc inspector training
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UDC Inspector Seminar
2007 Understanding
Manufactured HomeInstallation Standards
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Presenter Ross KinzlerExecutive Director of Wisconsin Housing
Alliance
Presenter Mike Zenner
Inspection Services
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Ross KinzlerWith MH industry since 1989
Chief lobbyist for the industry
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Mike ZennerOver 35 years of manufactured housing
experience
Wick Quality Control
Currently Inspection ServicesAC inspections under the HUD Code
UDC Construction and other creditials
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What were going to learnBasics of the HUD Code
Installation standard for existing homes
New HUD Installation Standard
New licensing law for installers
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Whats in your book? Key to the Code
Did you know?
Commerce contacts
Web links
Older home installation standard info
Licensing info
New installation standard Resources
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Whats What
Home is covered by HUD Code which preemptsstate and local law
New installation standards preempt localordinances just like the UDC
Pier installation standards are now a part of theUDC
Watch out for places where codes interface
Understanding the HUD Code
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What is the TimelineSept to March training installers
Jan 1licensing in effect
Jan to April training inspectors
April 1 new code effective and inspectionsbegin
Inspectors may not be employees of homemanufacturer, a salesperson involved in the saleor an installer involved with the particular home
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Critical WebsitesSee page 6
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LicensingTrigger is installing a home on a foundation
Anchoring no
Grading no
Excavation no
Pouring basement no
The person supervising the home going on thefoundation - yes
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LicensingGeneral supervision the installer does not
need to be on the job site
Homeowner is exempt from licensing but if
people help and would otherwise need alicense they must be licensed
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Licensing of InstallersQualifications
18 years oldNot been found responsible in any court or agency
hearing of a violation of the installation law during prior2 years
Not been found responsible in any court or agencyhearing for failure to perform under installation contractor defrauding a person in the provision of installationservices
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Application for Installers License$100 license fee plus one time $10 application
fee for 4 year license
Take 12 hour qualifying class & pass exam
Unless application made by June 1 Have installed 10 or more
homes personally
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RenewalRenewal requires 12 hours of continuing
education over the 4 year period
Also must not have been found responsible for
breaking the rule or defrauding a customer
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Wisconsin Installation StandardAct 45 authorized Commerce to adopt standard
Manufactured Housing Code Council -recommended rule adopted draft federal rule
Council is attached to the Dept of CommercePublished in Administrative Register
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Comm 21.40Formerly Comm 27.18
Now a part of the UDC
Applies to homes built before April 1, 2007
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Comm 21.40 No footing on unprepared fill. All organic
matter must be removed.
Soil bearing test using pocket penetrometer
Grade site to drain water away for minimumof 5 ft from home
A footing for every pier, nominal 16 by 16
Consult others if soil is less than 2000 psi
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Comm 21.40 Footings A. one 4 by 16 by 16 solid blocks or two 4 by
8 by 16 solid blocks.
B. 16 by 16 ABS pad rated at not less than
6000 lbs C. 18 inch diameter hole bored below the
frost line or to unfractured bedrock and filledwith poured concrete
D. Other materials or systems approved byCommerce
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Comm 21.40 Piers Concrete blocks, manufactured steel stands
or manufactured concrete stands
Single stack piers limited to 36 inches
Single stack piers loads limited to 8,000 lbs 36 to 80 inch piers double blocked (layered
in opposing layers)
80 inch or more double blocked laid inconcrete mortar, cores filled with mortar and inch steel reinforcing rod
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Comm 21.40 Concrete Blocks 2 core design, construction grade 8x8x16
Cores placed with cores open vertically
Block nearest main frame shall be
perpendicular to the linear direction of frame No block may contact the frame
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Comm 21.40 Pier Spacing No more than 7 feet on center
No more than 3 feet from exterior side ofeach end wall
Can be varied to follow manufacturer tables Piers under clear-span openings of 4 feet or
more in mating walls
Piers must be plumb and centered underpoint of support
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Comm 21.40 - Caps Solid concrete block or solid wood block
having nominal thickness of at least 2 inches
Cap must be same width and length as top
of pier No more than 2 pieces 2 piece caps
positioned with joint perpendicular to frame ifused
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Comm 21.40 - Shims Where used, driven from opposing sides
and be no less than 4 by 8
Wood caps and shims at least equal to #2
spruce pine fir with min bending stressrating of 1200 psi. All wood caps must beof same species of wood. All shims mustbe of same species of wood.
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Comm 21.40 Height limits Combination of nominal 2 inch solid concrete
block or wood cap plus shims must notexceed 3 inches
Minimum clearance under home of 12 inchesbetween lowest point of main frame in areaof utility connections. Min clearance of 12inches for 75% of home. Remainder may be
less than 12 inches but cannot touch ground
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Federal Installation Standard
MHCC recommended rule
HUD Secretary published rule for comment
HUD Secretary published proposed final rule
OMB Review completed
Awaiting final publication (November??)
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The Standards
3280 HUD Construction Standards for thehome
3285 HUD Model Installation Standards
VERY IMPORTANT (means will be on test)The following must be AT LEAST AS
STRINGENT as the federal model State Standards
Manufacturer Manuals
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HUD Code Development
Manufactured Home Consensus Committeeapproves standards
Secretary of HUD submits for public comment
Secretary of HUD issues final rule followingOMB input (White House)
Rule is published in Federal Register
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Understanding Part 3285
Use the Blue and Red Cheat Sheet
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Definitions
Words have meaning so read them carefullysee 3285.5
A manufacturer must provide with each new
home a DAPIA approved designs andinstructions that are consistent with thestandards 3285.2
DAPIA means Design Approval Primary
Inspection Agency
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Variations by Installer
If you vary support and anchorage from themanufacturers instructions, the installer
must obtain site-specific instructions from the(1) manufacturer or (2) a registeredprofessional engineer or (3) registeredarchitect. 3285.2(b)
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Temporary Storage
The manufacturers instructions must provideat least one method for temporarilysupporting each section to prevent structuraldamage when those sections are sited at theplant, retailers lot or home site. 3285.2(c)
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Reference publications
Some to remember
ASTM American Society for Testing &Materials
NFPA National Fire Protection AssnFEMA Federal Emergency Management
Agency
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Application
These standards apply to HUD Codemanufactured Homes not modulars.
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Fire Separation
Fire separation distances in accord withNFPA 501(a) must be maintained. Means10 feet
Fire separation distance must also complywith Comm 26 in a mobile home park(10 feet between basic structures)
Local ordinances might have additionalrequirements
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Flood Zones
Installer is responsible to determine if home isbeing installed in flood zone. 3285.102(c)
If it is, special installation methods are
required.Also note Shoreland zoning implications
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Zone Maps
3 maps in the HUD Code Wind Wisconsin in Zone 1
Roof Load Wisconsin is South and MiddleZones
Thermal Zone Wisconsin is Zone 3
U/O value must be less than 0.079
U/O is inverse of R value 0.079 = R 12.6
Homes may not be installed in a wind zone thatexceeds the design load for the home.
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Site PreparationSoil MechanicsSoil tests can be conducted with a pocket penetrometer
Footings must be sized and spaced according to soilbearing capacity
Also see the tables in 3285.202
Poor soils peat, organic clays or uncompacted fillrequire a geologist, engineer or architects opinion
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Site Drainage
Drainage must provided to direct surface wateraway from home and prevent build up underhome.
Minimum slope of inch per foot for the first
10 feetWhere site is sloped, home must be protected
from surface runoff
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Crown and Grade Site
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Gutters and Downspouts
Manufacturer must specific if the home isdesigned for them
When installed, runoff must be directed away
from the home
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Ground Moisture Control
Vapor barrier must be installed except in arid regions
Min. 6 mill poly or equivalent
Overlap 12 inches and sealBarrier may be under, over or around footings
Voids and tears must be repaired
3285.204
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Ground Moisture Control
1 pint of water vapor is generated in 24 hours
@ 55 degrees under 10 sq. ft of floor area.1500 sq ft home then equals 150 pints ofwater. Thats 16-19 gallons of water
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Foundations - Piers
Concrete blocks Must conform to ASTMstandard C 90-02
Pressure treated wood think pilings
Adjustable metal - Manufactured piers must belabeled or listed for loads and installed to thepier manufacturers instructions
Listed means approved for use
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Pier loads
Must be designed with load taken intoconsideration
Spacing is dependant on factors such as soil
bearing capacity and foot sizeSee tables at 3285.303
Pier spacing tables do not taken intoconsideration flood or seismic loads see an
engineer or architect
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Pier Configuration
Load bearing blocks not decorative
Nominal 8 by 8 by 16 inches
Stacked with hollow cores aligned vertically
When stacked side by side, each layer at rightangles to preceding one
Center beam/mating line supports are alwaysrequired for multi-section homes
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Caps
Must evenly distribute loads across the capped hollowblock piers
May be made of solid concrete or masonry at least 4
inches nominal thickness OR hardwood lumber atleast 2 inches thick OR corrosion protected min inch thick steel or other listed materials
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Caps
Must be same length and width as piers
Split caps on double stacked piers must beinstalled with long dimension across the joint
in blocks below
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Gaps
Must be filled with one of these methods
Nominal 4 by 6 by 1 inch shimsa. Must be used in pairs
b.
Driven tightlyc. Must not occupy more than 1 inch of vertical
space
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Manufactured Piers
Adjustable risers must not extend more than 2inches when finally positioned
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Clearance under Home
Minimum of 12 inches between lowest member of mainframe and grade under all areas of the home
Comm 21.40 for older homes is
A minimum clearance of 12 inches shall bemaintained beneath the lowest point of the mainframe in the area of any utility connection. Aminimum clearance of 12 inches shall also bemaintained under the home for at least 75% of the
home. The remainder of the home may be less than12 inches above the ground but may not touch theground.
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Less than 36 Piers
Permitted to constructed of open or closedcell 8 by 8 by 16 when capacity of block isnot exceeded
Long sides are at right angles to supported
I-beamHollow cores stacked vertically and at right
angles to the footings
Horizontal offsets from top to bottom not to
exceed inchNo mortar unless instructions require
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Piers 36 to 67 and Corner Piers
All frame piers 36 to 67 high and all cornerpiers over 3 block high must be doubleblocked
No mortar unless instructions require
Horizontal offsets not to exceed 1
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Piers over 67
Must be designed by registered professionalengineer or registered architect
Mortar not required unless specified
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Perimeter support piers
Piers at mate-line supports, perimeter piers,and piers at exterior wall openings can besingle open-cell or closed cell blocks to amaximum height of 54 inches
Must be installed with the long dimensionparallel to perimeter rail
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Pier Support Locations
No more than 24 inches from both ends offrame
No more than 120 inches center to centerunder the main I beam
Mating line, marriage wall line, ridge beam allmean the point where sections join and theyrequire support Be alert to extreme weight
considerations in these locations!
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Perimeter Support Locations
Both sides of any exterior doorAny side wall opening of 48 inches or more
Under any load-bearing porch posts, factory
installed fireplaces and wood stoves3285.311
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Alternative to Perimeter Supports
If additional floor joists or outriggers areproviding perimeter support, the sizing ofpiers and footers under the main chassisbeam must be adjusted.
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Footings
Must be located on undisturbed soil or fillcompacted to 90% of maximum relativedensity
A footing for every pier
Footing size depends on the load bearingcapacity of soil, footings and piers
3285.312
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Footing Types
Concrete types 4 inch nominal pre-cast pads meeting ASTM C
90-02 with 28 day compressive strength of1,200 psi
6-inch minimum poured in place concrete pads,slabs or ribbons with at least 28 daycompressive strength of 3,000 psi
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Footing Types
Pressure-treated wood Minimum 2 layers of nominal 2 inch thick
pressure treated wood
Single layer of nominal inch pressure treatedplywood with a max size of 16 by 16 (must berated exposure 1 or exterior sheathing PS-1-95rated
Cut ends must be field treated
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Footing Types
ABS footing pads Installed according to pad manufacturer
instructions and certified for use in soilclassification at the site
Must be listed for required load capacity
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Frost Protection
Footings must be designed using methods and practicesthat prevent the effects of frost heave by:
1. Conventional below the frost line footing
2. Monolithic slab above frost line must bedesigned by registered engineer or architect
3. Insulated foundation system above frost line -must be designed by registered engineer orarchitect
Frost line is 48 inches statewide as set byCommerce
3285.312
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Footing Sizing Table
How to use the tables
Use soil bearing capacity to determine size andthickness needed
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Anchorage
After blocking and leveling, the manufactured homemust be secured against the wind by an anchoringsystem
Anchoring equipment means ties, straps, cables,
turnbuckles, chains and other approved componentsincluding tensioning devices that are used to securea manufactured home to anchor assemblies.
Conventional anchors or alternative foundation system(Tie Down or Oliver Technologies type systems)
Tie Down Engineering
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Tie Down Engineering
Vector System
Vector System with Longitudinal
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Vector System with Longitudinal
Support
Note base plate and longitudinal support
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Anchorage
The anchors must be capable of meeting theloads the home was designed to withstandsee data plate
Follow the anchor companys instructions for
spacing, angles, connections and so forthInstall anchors to theirFULL depth
A diagonal anchor tie is intended to resisthorizontal or shear forces, but may also
resist vertical, uplift and overturning forces
3285.401
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Ground Anchors
Must be listed (listed means approved)Steel coated with zinc to not less than 0.30
oz/ft2 of surface
Capable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb
and a working load of 3150 lbs (check listinglabels)
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Tie Down Straps
1 inch by 0.035 in or larger steel strappingconforming to ASTM D 3953-97 standard
Capable to resist a min ultimate load of 4750 lb and aworking load of 3150 lbs (check listing labels)Same capacity as the anchors
Coated with zinc to not less than 0.30 oz/ft2 of surface
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Tie Downs
Maximum spacing see the tablesSee drawings for near beam and second beam
methods
If sidewall or over the roof, mate-line or shear wallstraps are installed, they must be connected
Must be augured below the frost line unless thefoundation is a frost protected above frost linesystem
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Tie Down Tips
No long tailsTension evenly or you might pull the home off
the supports
Determine if stabilizer plate is needed Seeanchor manufacturer instructions
Try locking clamp version
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Tie Down Safety Issues
Locate Utilities- abandoned electrical drops is a concern
- utility linemans gloves are recommended
- Testing for power on anchor beforeconnecting to home can be done using asimple voltage checker
$5.25 worth
of safety
Image courtesy ofLab Safety,Janesville
http://us.st11.yimg.com/us.st.yimg.com/I/electricsupplieson-line_1931_20382559http://us.st11.yimg.com/us.st.yimg.com/I/electricsupplieson-line_1931_20382559 -
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On-site structures
Each expansion room or other on-site structuremust be able to support its own weightincluding any garage unless pre-designed bymanufacturer, engineer or architect
Any addition must be designed by either thehome manufacturer, a registered engineer orarchitect
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Optional Equipment
Comfort systems (HVAC) must be installed by alicensed HVAC contractor if not factory installed
Air conditioning equipment must be properly sized
All heat producing equipment must be properly ventedthru the skirting or exterior wall as appropriate
When not installed by home manufacturer, must beinstalled according to the appliance manufacturersinstructions
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Skirting
Must be weather resistantAttached so no water is trapped
between siding and trim or forcedup into the wall cavity trim it is
attached toAll wood skirting within 6 inches of
the ground must be pressuretreated or be naturally resistant todecay and termites This would
include lumber and sheathingextension if any of the wood isless than 6 inches above theground
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Crawlspace Venting
NEW - One square foot for every 1,500 sq ft of floorareaImportant Check with your manufacturerbefore proceeding with reduced venting
Vent openings as high as practicable
Vents must located on at least two opposite sides of
homeOpenings must be covered with a perforated corrosionand weather resistant covering to prevent rodententry
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Access Opening
Not less than 18 wide by 24 high and not lessthan 3 sq ft
Must be located so that any utility connectionsunder the home are accessible
3285.505
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Dryer vents, air conditioning, &
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y , g,
combustion air vents
Must pass through skirting to the outside This includes fireplace air inlets
Ductwork, Plumbing & Fuel
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, g
Supplies
Manufacturer must supply instructions forproper field assembly
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Water
When local water supply pressure exceeds 80 psi, apressure reducing value must be installed
An identified and accessible shutoff value must beinstalled underneath or adjacent to the home
Crossovers and lines must be protected from
freezingOnly listed for MH heat tape is permitted
Water system must be inspected and tested for leaksafter completion at the site.
Disconnect water heater if test is air only
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Piping support
Water lines supported every 3 feetDrain lines supported every 4 feet See 48
inch on center max - 3280.608
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Gas Supply
Home design calls for system pressure of10 to 14 inches of water columnpressure (0.036 psi)
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Ductwork Crossovers
All ductwork connections must be sealed
Galvanized metal straps or tape and mastics listed toUL 181 A or B must be used around duct collarand secured tightly
Metal straps required metal sheet screwsMetal ducts must be fastened with at least 3
galvanized sheet metal screws equally spacedaround the collar
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Ductwork
Max distance for duct supports is 4 feetIf straps are used they must be wider than spacing
of spirals in flex duct
Arrange so that straps cannot slip between spirals and
to prevent kinkingCannot contact ground
Listed for exterior use only
Crossovers outside the envelop must be insulated with
proper materialsIn-floor or ceiling crossover connections must be sealed
to prevent air leakage
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Subpart H - Electrical
Snap connections may or must be fastened toadjacent studCHECK instructions
If a fixture is mounted on a combustible surfacea limited combustible or non-combustible
ring must be installedWires connected black to black, white to white
and ground to ground
Test all connections
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Smoke Alarms
Additional shipped loose alarms for basementset models are typically provided by themanufacturer
They may be wired to communicate withfactory installed units at main floor
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Exterior close-up
Manufacturers provide instructions for joiningsections. Pay particular attention todirections on fasteners
The mate-line gasket must be installed
following manufacturer instructions
Exterior close up strips are trim that must befastened securely and sealed with an
exterior sealant
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Before Sections are Secured
The poly sheeting used for transport must beremoved completely
Hinged roofs and eaves
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May be subject to alternative construction
inspections if flue penetrations are above thehinge
Gaps
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Gaps
UPON COMPLETION no gaps are permitted between
structural elementsPRIOR TO COMPLETION minor gaps not exceeding one
inch are permitted PROVIDED they are filed uponcompletion
Fill gaps must be shimmed with dimensional lumber andfastener lengths used to make connections must beincreased to provide adequate penetration into receivinglumber.
Pay particular attention to end wall and floor completiongaps May have marriage wall sheathing in from endwall ends
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Close up
All shipping blocking, strapping or bracing must beremoved from appliances, window and doors.
At a minimum, shipped loose wall panels must be
installed using PVA adhesive on all framingmembers and fastened with 1 inch long staples ornails 6 inch on center panel edges and 12 incheson center in the field unless manufacturer directsother methods
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Bottom Board
Bottom Board is an industry term for barrier installed bythe factory on the bottom of the floor system. It is forrodent control.
Inspect for loosing or areas damaged by transport orinstallation
Tears must be repairedAny missing insulation must be replaced
Splits or tears must be resealed with tape or patches
P traps must be checked to be sure they are well
insulated and coveredAll repaired edges must be taped or otherwise sealed
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Access to site
The installer is responsible to ensure thattransportation routing is possible and permitsobtained
Effective 4/01/07 disturbed soil areas of 1 acreor more at property site are subject topermits and UDC erosion control regulations
(This also includes entire driveway areas!)
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Gas appliances
Make sure orifices match the fuel supply
Inspect vents to make sure they were notdamaged in transit
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Other UDC Issues to Watch
Site constructed elements subject to UDC Basement stairs
Exterior decks, stairs and railings
Garage attachments Habitable basements
Egress windows for bedrooms
Heating calculations for entire envelop
Trouble spots-Basement Stairs
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Finished Stairwell Length (FSL)
Headroom
(Min. 6'-4")
Headroom + Floor/Ceiling Depth (HFCD) Finished Stairwell Length(FSL)
Unit Rise Unit Run
So to solve for FSL, FSL = Unit Run x HFCDUnit Rise
Floor/Ceiling
Depth
Unit Rise
Max. 8"
Unit Run
Min. 9"
Two Similar
RightTriangles
Maintain
6'-4"
Headroom
In
Required
3' Long
Landing
Maintain 6'-4" Headroom In
Required 3' Long Landing
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Structural Analysis per Dept. of Comm.
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Comm. 20.07 (Definitions.)
(73) Structural Analysis is a branch of the physical sciences which uses the principles
of mechanics in analyzing the impacts of loads and forces and their effect on the
physical properties of materials in the form of internal stress and strain.
Comm. 21.02 (Structural Analysis Standards.)
Structural analysis shall conform to the following nationally recognized
standards.
( c ) Concrete. Plain, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete construction shall conform to
the following standards:
1. ACI Standard 318, Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.
2. ACI Standard 318.1, Building Code Requirements for Structural Plain Concrete.
Comm. 21.16 (Frost Penetration.)
(2) Exceptions. (a) Floating slabs constructed on grade need not be installedbelow the minimum frost penetration line provided measures have been taken to
prevent frost forces from damaging the structure.
Also, ( c ) Stoops or ramps need not be installed below the minimum frostpenetration level provided measures are taken to prevent frost forces from damaging
the structure.
Cl V ifi ti C tifi t
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