UDF INFORMATION BULLETIN Vol 2 Mo 3 Movember 1986

The call for national united action against tf& Spaeth©id regime and the State ofEmergency must reach every corner of the land, fiorobe (UDF), rtafumadi (Cosatu)and ttolobi (NECC) launch the joint Campaign for National United Action

1 UDF caffs for ten days of united action

Christmas_Against the EmergencyALL FREEDOM, lovingpeople of our belovedcountry are called on toparticipate in "ChristmasAgainst the Emergency".The UDF has asked thepeople of South Africa tohonour the ten days from6 am on 16 December to6 am on 26 December.

Ten days of .unity!

Unity against theEmergency! Unity againstapartheid! "ChristmasAgainst the Emergency"wi l l be ten days torededicate ourselves tothe struggle for nationalliberation.

In the spirit of thebroader Campaign forNational United Action

we call on our people toobserve this ChristmasAgainst the Emergency.

Let this campaign reachinto every community:

* We must observe thisten day period withdignity.

* We must avoiddrunkeness in the

DID 8

Page 2 _ _ _

Christmas Againstthe Emergency

streets.* On 16 December, and

on 24 December between7 pm and 9 pm all(electric) lights shouldbe put out and candleslit

* The National Anthemshould be sung, a Pledgefor Unity read out and aminute silence observedat all church services.

f We must visit thejam!lies of those in

'detention and In exile.* Let us conduct

weddings and otherfamily functions in thespirit of a Christmas

Against the Emergency.The time Is one formoderation, not excess.

The UDF has made andis sti l l making an appealfor sports fixtures andbig music festivalsfalling within this periodto be suspended.

ShoppingAnd to avoid

Christmas Campaign pester

UPDATE

complications we areasking people not to shopIn town during these tendays.

Shebeens are requestedto close at 8 pm from 16December to 26December.

Church bells should ringat 6 am on 16 Decemberto usher in the ten days,and again at 6 am on 26December to announcethe end of the campaign.

The above requests areguidelines for all partsof South Africa. Theyhave been discussed bythe different regions ofthe UDF, and not too muchregional variation isexpected.

Youth to unite in national organisation

Forward to CongressSOON YOUTH congresses fromaround South Africa wil l unite ina national youth congress.

Urban and rural youth ere!>:cited!y working hard towards{ formation cf the South

African Youth Congress (Sayco).Nearly 400 youth congresseswi l 1 join together under abanner of black, green, gold end

It Is almost four years sincethe now banned COSftS took Ushistoric decision to initiate theformation of youth organisationsthroughout the country

This decision was taken aftermuch consideration of theconditions facing the youth andstudents at that time. The needto channel the energies ofstudent activists and unemployedyouth into another form oforganisation youth

organisations - was identified.

The formation of YouthCongresses started in 1983onwards and began to play a vitalrole in community struggles.

In January 1964 youthorganisations affiliated to theUnited Democratic Front. Duringthis period delegates of COSASattended the f i rs t National YouthConsultative conference.

It was here that the youthorganisations resumed officialresponsibility for organisingand co-ordinating youth activitynationally.

The mandate of the conferencewas to form youth organisationsin ereasjjtfiere there are none,to strengthen^ • regionalco-ordination, to form regionalstructures and to work towardsbuilding a national youthorganisation.

Youth congresses began toform and organise the youth

around issues such asunemployment, the lack ofrecreation facilities, educationand community struggles.

Last year the InternationalYear of the Youth (l.Y.Y)provided a basis for youthorganisations to mobilise andorganise around the theme of"Participation, Development andPeace."

As a result of activities suchas cultural festivals, workshopsand sport events youthcongresses grew. l.Y.Y. wasinterrupted by the declaration ofthe f i rs t State of Emergency,which led congresses to findingnew strategies in the face ofrepression.

Today the vision of that f i rstconference is close to beingrealised

The future is ours!Forward to congress!

Page 4

Communities standsolid behind rent boycott

SINCE the imposition of theEmergency, the rent boycott hasspreed like wildfire.

Fifty townships are nowInvolved ' in rent boycottsnationwide, including Soweto,Port Elizabeth, Mdantsane,Kimberley and Mametodi.

This means up to six millionpeople are protesting againsthigh rents and the town councilsystem despite the state using&^ry means at their disposal to

\ tjreefc the boycott.

•P The rent boycotts are a way ofmobilising and politicisingresidents around broaderpolitical issues.

The rent boycotts are losingthe apartheid regime hundreds ofthousands of rand every (to/.

Attempts of the state to breakthe solidarity of the people have

Victims »r WhIU City•wwcr i art

incluoBd raids , warning lettersto residents, the use ofvigilantes, illegal evictions andIllegal attempts to makeemployers collect rent

The Soweto City Council setupoffices in central Johannesburgwhere they claimed residentswould pay rent, without being"intimidated". This lie was soonexposed as the offices stooddeserted

The guns of the gwernmenthave been turned against people

boycotting rent.The resistance of the White

City residents against illegalevictions - from the oldestgranny to the youngest childbuilding barricades - exposedthe regime's lies that residentsdo not support the boycott.

The people continue to contestillegal evictions on every frontand to defend themselves where

UPDATEnecessary. Rents are used topay the salaries of towncouncils, vigilantes endmunicipal police. By refusing topay rent residents are no longerprepared to pay for their ownrepression and subjugation

Underlying this unity acrossbroad sections of the communityhas been the establishment ofstreet committees, block, zoneand area committees.

The street committees make itpossible for the entirecommunity to take part tnT o * • * • I S

State tries to discredit UDFTHE GOVERNMENT has launched amassTVe^ -^propaganda andcensorship drive" to justify Usrepression and the current Stateof Emergency.

The Bureau for Information isattempting to censor the spreadof Information about the SouthAfrican situation. The state hasmade it a "crime" to attempt toproduce alternatives to what itsays in happening in ourtownships.

There has also been a increasein propaganda against thedemocratic movement.

Township residents arebombarded with pamphlets fromhelicopters, or awake to piles onstreet corners.

In P x t Elizabeth egovernment sponsored so-called"community newspaper" wasdel ivered house to house.

Fake and false pamphletsattempt to spread disunity andconfusion among residents.Claiming to come from ourorganisations or groups such asstudents, the pamphlets condemncommunity struggles or warnthe people of consequences Ifthey become involved.

An example could be epamphlet with the UDF andOosatu logos promising to payresidents if they participated instayaways.

Government officials have also

been instructed to col ledInformation and discredit theUDF and black organisations.They were told to place articlesin sympathetic media to spreaddisunity and to raise questionsabout the UDF and its links to theANC.

They were also instucted to:* Discredit the UDF in the

eyes of coloured and Indianpeople by suggesting that as"minority groups" theirinterests would be disregarded

* Establish personal contactwith trade union leaders to castsuspicion on UDF initiativeswith the unions.

* Act to restrict worksteyaways and consumerboycotts and strikes.

* Encourage political divisionsin local communities.

The Bureau for Information isalso contacting communitygroups and organisations such asthe Black Sash to find out whatthey da A Bureau forInformation officer, RenetteStone, said: "Bureau forInformation -'for* is to OWN aswell as give....its a question ofwanting to gBin as much aspossible Informal ton."

The Bureau of Information Issneaking into our communitiesand promising sewing machinesto squatter groups and fashionsnows to womens' groups.

UPDATFNmtiomBl Bjccmtire Committee perspective

Uniting forNational Action

c

THE JOINT launching andsupport of the Campaign forNational United Action by theUDF, CQSATU, t€CC. SACC andSAC8C marked a significant leapforward in our opposition to theState of Emergency and our fightagainst apartheid.

It was launched after a longprocess of consultation between

within these organisations,consultation and

discussions were subject to themany difficulties imposed byemergency conditions.

Thus as the campaign waslaunched, debates, discussion andconsultation are still takingplace.

RegroupingGiven the fact that the state

with all the tools of repressionat its disposal, was bent ondestroying our organisations,this campaign was seen as animportant step towards assistingour organisations to repouprreorganise, broaden the base for

and continue the advance^gainst fascist apartheid rule.

The Campaign for NationalUnity must be seen as asignificant focal point togalvanise all democratic forcesin the country.

When we say "National" weare talking of all sections of thedemocratic movement in a l lparts of the country, rural andurban. When we say "United"we are saying that our forcesmust not be dispered. We haveto act together, with one fist, inorder to have maximum effectThis National Unity cannot bepaper unity. It must be Unity InAction. It is not enough tohave one fist - that fist muststrike. The unity and militancy

of the people must be mobilisedand galvanised into actions whichexpress end reflect their moodand demands.

This is the only way in whichwe can defend ourselves andmove forward. Whenever we ereinactive, the enemy cells stiramong our people anddisorganises us.

A powerful forceHow do we see the campaign

unfolding? To us, the process ofbuilding National United Actionmust be a creative and ongoingone. It should not be restrictedto a specific action or single (to/.The campaign must unfoldaccording to the politicalconditions In the various.localareas, as well as drawingtogBther democratic forces at anational level The campaignmust come alive In all ourorganisation's programmes.

It is a powerful force whichmust be harnessed by the peoplein their struggles. Theprogramme for the campaignmust be built on the ground inorder to make National Unity areality.

The current Christmas Againstthe Emergency campaignprovides a importantopportunity to put this Intopractise. We must ensure thatin every township and village all

COSATU NEWSNo.2 Nov. 1986

Forward to

MASS ACTION

Page 3

democratic forces In all sectionsof the people ere oYawn btothese ten days of united act tonunder the banner of theCampaign for National UnitedAction.

Basis for future struggleLet us use this campaign to

reach out to the people, toInvolve those sections which aresympathetic but passive, tobuild the people's unity Into anunbreakable dynamic force. Andso providing the basis forfurther advances fn struggles tocome. The alternative to adefenceless, disorganised anddemoralised people.

Briefly therefore thefo ««pn as-

Cosatu call for mass action

•The culmination and thefruit of years of struggle,mobilisation andorganisation. In turn ftprovides us with theopportunity to take thatstruggle and organisationto a higher level, inacctw dance with thepolitical conditionsoperating In any particularsector.

* Providing anopportunity fororganisations to worktowards a definableobjective, in both tacticaland strategic terns.

* Helping organisationsto reconstitute (after theimmediate blows of theState of Emergency) anddefine their programmes interms of of the campaignfor National United Action.

* Assisting fn broadeningthe base of resistance anddrawing into the people'scamps more and more ofthose elements forced bythe State of Emergency totake a definite politicalstand against apartheid.

* 6iving us theopportunity to Isolate theapartheid government evenfurther.

Page 6 UPDATE

A GREAT FREEDOM FIGHTERAND AFRICAN LEADER IS DEADIN THE early hours ofMonday morning, 20October, 8 dark cloudcovered the people ofMozambique and Africa.

The unbelievable newswas that Comrade PresidentSamora Moises Machel haddied in en aeroplane crashjust over the South Africaborder He was returningfrom a meeting with three

«ner African leaders inmbia.

Til* sntimelu. death of Machel is * blov not only to thepeople of Mozambiove but also to the South Afrtoan people

Comrade Machel died inthe crash along with 28other people, includingseveral Mozambicangovernment officials.

There ere many questionsabout the circumstances ofthe crash that have to beanswered. What caused theUSSR-made Tupolev TU -134 jetl iner to veer sosuddenly off its course?

Samora Machel heroicallyled the people ofMozambique in a long and

What is at stake is the question of theestablishment of a people's power thatasserts oor independence aad ideatity

and destroys exploitation.

That is why the imperialist coon trieswhich live by exploitation come to therescue of Portugal since it is in their

interests that exploitation goes on.Comrade Machel on People t Power

against imperialism andcolonialism.

It was a measure of theleadership qualities ofComrade Machel, temperedin struggle, that there wasa process of fundamentaltransformation affectingall aspects of life inMozambique.

After liberation millionsof people had for the f irsttime access to educationam) health and welfareservices. The people ofMozambique have developeda oVnamic end progressiveculture.

For the f i rst time thepeople of Mozambique wereable to take part indecisions shaping theirfuture. The economicwell-being of the peopleimproved many times.

Through his personalconduct Machel passed onnew revolutionary valuesand his vital leadershipanimated everyone inMozambique. He was aworking class leader for hewas guided in his view ofthe world by theinternational outlook of theworking class.

bitter war against thePortugese colonialists.The thought of ComradeMachel was shaped byrevolutionary practise.

He knew that "withoutrevolutionary theory therecan be no practise"

0UIDINO TOOt

Marxism-Leninismemerged within theFrelimo movement as a toolfor guiding the struggle

UPDATE Page 5

The JointManagementCentres

* The State SecurityOouncil(SCC) meets

s week endPW Botha's

cabinet on national"total strategy'.

* At. a regional levelthere are II JointManagement Centres

fJt1C's). The JMC'suse SADF commandboundaries and co-ordinate localstrategies to deal withpotential securityproblems."

* There are 60sub-JrfC's. They work~oughly alonside the

nned RegionalCouncils. The

places where sub-t/rfC's operate includeSo we to, Cradock,Nelsprutt, fast Rand,Port Elizabeth andBloemfontein.

* At the local levelthere , ere 448mini-JMCs. They erefound in the smallesttowns such asKwamashu,Pietersberg, VaalTriangle end Wynberg,

* All these structureare for whites. Butthere ere also civilianor 'Skakelcommittees'which are non-racial.

Secret army committeespy on every townshipTHE MILITARY apartheid statehas set up a network of secretcommittees throughout thecountry to monitor "security".

Recent press reports toW of amassive system of 500committees under the control ofthe mf litory and the police.

The National SecurityMaanagement system gives themilitary and police directinfluence in decision makingfrom the Cabinet level down tolocal government. The networkof committees were set by PWBotha when he first came.topower.

The committees considereverytMnfr (ram a rent boycottto the lack of Water taps in atownship as a potential securityproblem. They deel with a broadrangs of issues.

Intelligence reports

The committees w x k alongsideand advise the government'sstructures from the nicestcabinet level to the lower localauthorities. They recommendcourses of action based onintelligence reports.

A top government officialglints in Tte Weakly Mail said; *They will worry about theirareas: so many stones havethrown this morning, there is ashortage of water here."

The report said the committeesalso Investigated meeting? and

watched important communityfigures.

Every JMC, sub-JMC or miniJMC has three sub -comm It tees.

The job of the intelligenceOlK-KOM) sub-committee is toallow the military and the policeintelligence services to shareinformation.

The political, economic andsocial committee (PES -KOM)deals with problems of rents orservices. And thecommunications . committee(KOM- KOM) relays issues toresidents through press, radioendTY.

Danger for communitiesThe Cape Town Joint

Management Committee believedthat a Residents Association inAtlantis, Cape Town wascreating a "revolutionaryclimate".

The JMC arranged food parcelsfor the hungry and soccer teamsfor the children The localColoured ManagementCommittee was given all thecredit

The government Is trying toestablish contact withpotentially co-optive groups incommunities. The breakdown ofits Informer network over thepest two years due to communitystruggles means ft is desperateto gather information andmonitor and Intervene In thestruggles of communities.

•

AS 1966 draws to a end theUDF and the democraticMovement can look backwith prkte at the massiveblows struck against theapartheid regime.

No longer Is the prospectof victory over the forcesof fecism and colonial Ism adistant dream. Today wecan say with confidencethat the day of our ownliberation Is In sfojtt.

1986 saw there-imposition of the

J Emergency, the detentionof over 30 000 of ouractivists, the daath andInjury of thousands ofcomrades, the occupation ofour townships and schoolsby the SADF, thecensorship of informationabout the brutal actions ofthe facist forces and theintensification of theSADfs programme ofdestabilising SouthernAfrica

Despite all its efforts theregime's attempt toreverse the tWe of historyhas been e dismal failure.When our organisationsare restricted or bannedwe have formed new onesand have adapted our oldways of working to the newconditions we faea Intownships through SouthAfrica, for example, wehave seen the emergence ofstreet committees anddefence committees In otterto deepen massparticipation and. protectourselves from the agentsof the state.

During 1967 we canexpect no mercy from theregime. The moredesperate they become themore they will be inclined

towards new levels ofbrutality and gmctfe

A prime task for the newyear will be to increasethe political education andparticipation of oursupporters, creating newactivists and extending enddeepening the structures ofmass oemocracy. We alsoneed to ensure a tightdiscipline in our ownranks, and to prevent theagents of oppression from .making any Inroads.

The UDF, together with

UPDATECosatu, NEGCendSACC isengagBd In a Campaign forNational United Action.This campaign shouldextend into every townshipand rural area buildingunity among our separateorganisations end Drawingtogether all democraticforces.

Let the ChristmasAgainst the Emergency be atime when we demonstrateour unity, our disciplineand our willingness tosacrifice for the freedomwe desire.

Botha war machinecarries conflict tofrontline statesTHE SOUTH African regime'scampaign of aggressiveintervention' in the internalaffairs of neighbouring states isreaching new heiahts.

Concerned' about escalatingregional conflict, the NationalExecutive Committee (NEC) of-the UDF has cal led on the leadersof Botswana, Lesotho andSwaziland to resist the mountingpressures and inroads on theirsovereign independence - andself-determination by the Bothagovernment.

In open letters of strongprotest to the leaders of thesethree frontline states, the NECoutlines South Africangovernment attempts todestabilise its neighbours at theeconomic, military and political

levels. Tactics to maintain whitedominance., in South Africa andbreak anti-apartheid oppositionfrom the rest of thesub-continent over the past few "years have included SADF raids,bombings, secret commandooperations and support fordissident groupings.

The dependence of Botswana,

Lesotho and Swaziland on SouthAfrica for goods, food, transportand, migrant employment hasmade them particularlyvulnerable to bullying by theapartheid regime.

Bent on stopping anyopposition to its oppressivepolicies, the South African warmachine has carried conflict intoneighbouring states. A disregardof refugee status as well as adisturbing emerging pattern ofcollaDoration between thesecurity forces of the threecountr ies and the SADF and SAPwith instances of kidnappings,death squads and involuntaryrepatriations of refugees back toSouth Africa have led to concernon the part of the UDF and thepeople of South Africa.

The open letters, copies ofwhich are being sent to the UN,

, the OAU and the Non-AlignedMovement, highlight particularexamples of South Africanpressure In each state withspecial attention paid to theprotection of those seekingsanctuary from the violence ofthe apartheid state.

Machels death brings

a dark, ctond ovor

Mozambique but the

people vow to fight OD

c

During the liberationwar, he played a majorrole in convincing Frelimofighters that the strugglewas not againstindividuals, but against asystem of colonial andfecist domination andexploitation. Byidentifying the enemycorrectly, he enabled theMozambican people to findallies among the Portugeseand to recognise the enemywhen he wore a black face.

In this respect ComradeM ache I played a vital rolein reinforcing the policiesof our own liberationmovement, bydemonstrating thepractical success of theanti-chauvinist andant i - racist approach.

A main concept in theevolutionary

ransformation applied toMozambique was that ofPeople's Power.

Mac he 1; from the people and

Comrade Machel knewthat the liberation or thepeople of Mozambique couldnever be complete until thepeople of South Africa hadwon their freedom.

Mozambican president Comrade Chissanofotiovs the coffin

for the peeplr

fn the course of thisnoble struggle he developedfraternal friendships withother revolutionaryAfrican leaders of thecalibre of Agostinho Neto,Artificer CaDrel, OliverTambo and many more theworld over.

The example, ideas andlife of Comrade Machelwi l l continue to De ashining inspiration to thepeople of Southern Africa.The greatest tribute wecould pay to our departedcomrade is to realise hisdream - that of a liberatedSouthern Africa, free ofracism and Imperialism.

VIVA FRELIMO!VIVA THE PEOPLE OF

MOZAMBIQUE!

Page 1C

The smallestvictims of

apartheidTHE PLIGHT and fate of anestimated ten thousand childrenand youth In detention wil l bethe main focus of campaigns runby progressive organisationsthis Christmas.

It is the children of SouthAfrica who are the mostbrutualised by apartheid -socially, psychologically andeducationally.

And it is also the children whorefuse to become victims of

.apartheid and meekly submit torepression. The turning point ofthe uprisings of June 1976 andthe rejection of colonialeducation meant that our youthwere placed at the forefront ofthe battle against the regime.

Student organisations havebeen banned and student activists'detained in their thousands since1976. Children have been shot

- at in the streets, at funerals andin their ysrds, tear-gassed,beaten up, harassed, detained,and charged

But although apartheidbrutality causes suffering, italso unites families.Increasingly youth and parentsare joining together in the streetcommittees organised to protectthe lives and homes of theirneighbours- And the struggle forpeople's education has led tofamilies uniting in a commonstruggle for equal education.

Families apart

The sufferings that apartheidbrings on children does not onlyinclude police and armyrepression. Through the systemof migrant labour families are

'separated most of the year.Where families do live togetherparents have to travel long

distances to work.In the urban areas children of

between ten and fifteen areexploited as kitchen cleaners andstreet vendors for little pay.

Still others are forced to maketheir homes in the gutters andalleys of the white areas. In therural areas children work longhours on farms In exchange forfood

It Is the organised youngpeople, the "young lions", whothis State of Emergency havefaced the full might of theapartheid regime. Youth havebeen the main target of stateviolence.

Child detainees are not treateddifferently from adultprisoners. Many are held In the

*3»i&cells as criminals and areexposed.Tb" thieves, murderersand rapists. ,

Others are held inovercrowded and filthy cellswith inadequate food or washingfacilities. There is little accessfor child detainees to medicalattention.

Assaults and torture

Hundreds of cases of assaultson children have been recordedThese have ranged from beatingswith fists, rifle butts andsjamboks to electric shocks andother forms of txture. Somereleased detainees have told ofhaving petrol poured over themand death threats made.

There seem to be severalpurposes for assaultingchildren: to extract real orimagined information fromthem, to force them to confess to"crimes" such as stone throwingregardless if the children werein the area or not at the time,and to instill fear of furtherinvolvement.

Parents and lawyers struggleto" obtain visits or to evenestablish where children arebeing held Often children are

P«ac« parks: • cltar si§» thatMr ywtli Mnlr* tr9949m wm4a tettar lift far allbrought to court and sentencedon charges of public violence,intimidation or theft withoutparents or lawyers beinginformed.

They have virtually no chanceof obtaining bail, understanding,the court proceedings ordefending themselves.

Since June hundreds ofchildren have been "on the run",unable to go home for fear ofarrest

Missing.

Organisations involved withmonitortng detentions have alsonoticed scores of missingchildren. Some have been takenfrom their homes by peopletheir families thought weregovernment agents, while othershave disappeared from school orwhile playing with friends.Missing children range In apefrom seven to 18 and some havebeen missing since June.

UPDATE Page 9

The Uninformed in Green UniformsRecently the Department of

Constitutional Development andPlanning okayed the use of 17000 new council policemen. Thecouncil police undergo a shortthree month training periodafter which they are issued withguns and sjamboks and let looseinto the townships.

Government officials claimthat the job of the councilpolicemen Is to guard houses andmunicipal property. But it hasbeen widely reported that theseundisciplined rookies appear to

almost unlimited power.several occasions the

council's puppet policemen haveattempted to evict people whoare part of the rent boycott., More and more the municipal

police are acting in a supportcapacity to the SADF and SAP.They assist the security forcesin raids and arrests, and theyintimidate youths and residentsand beat them with guns andsjamboks.

* At the beginning of July ayoung man of 25 year* went tovisit a friend who lived fn thesame road as Silas Tshabalala, a

etc- councillor. Councilguarding the house shot

him, and dragged his body closeto the house. When his motherand 22 year old brother werit tosee what was happening, thebrother was also shot dead.

* In the Veal Tr iangle betweenAugust and September therewere 21 shooting incidentsinvolving blackjacks. Twopeople died.

* On 26 August (BlackTuesday) council police killed26 residents resisting evictions•In Jabavu.Soweto.

* One resident was shot dead inearly September by blackjacksin Sebokeng.

* Seven people were shot inSharpeville during rent

More control over townships isbeing handed to council police. Andvigilantes are returning to terrorisein the uniforms of "tits*constables...

F«1ty «rmed kits konstabeis at a passing out paradein Cape Tovn after three veeks trainingevictions during midSeptember." * In mid September twopeople were shot dead in Dubetownship and several othersinjured-whw blackjacks openedfire on mourners. " "

* At the beginning ofNovember open confrontationdeveloped between townshipsresidents of Orlando West andthe council police. Six peoplewere killed, three being SOYCOmembers.

• An 18 year old Sebokengpupil, Leonard Mzizi, was shotdead in mid November.

The arrests of US councilpolice for striking against lowwages in Katlehong as well as thestrikes by 100 Kagiso, andDobsonvfile munfcfpal polIceraise questions about the role ofthese gun-toting supplementaryforces. Kagiso police recentlydemanded a pay raise from R250

to R500, injury compensationand more uniforms.

Calls to resignBut the alleged rampage by the

Katlehong and Dobsonville policeserves as a sign that they are atwo-edged sword - that theycould threaten the state as wellas prop it up. The strikes mustnave reminded the governmentthat black policemen are.constantly called on to resignand turn their guns against theirmasters.

But the government has nochoice but to expand its securityforces. The new kits constables,meant for use against the"comrades" are the latest signof this.

The first kits constablesfinished their three weektraining in October. Another 5000. are being recruited

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Three Years of United ActionThe UDF has achieved a great deal in its three year history. Here

we assess our achievements and analyse the current situation topoint the way forward.

IntroductionThe United Democratic Front celebrated itsthird birthday on 20 August 1966. It isa tribute to the people's fearlessdetermined resistance that the UDF has notonly survived the most severe staterepression but has grown into a powerfulmass movement They would have to gag awhole nation to crush the UDF today.The launch of the UDF on 20 August 1983 marked adramatic leap forward in the national liberationstruggle. ^ It brought over 500 grassrootsorganisations together in a broad front againstapartheid.When we launched the UDF our aims were:

* To campaign for the massive rejection ofthe tricameral parliament end black localauthorities.* To build unity among the oppressed people.* To set up organisations where none existedand buHdgostjpg organisations into morepowerful weapons in the struggle.

These goals have been carried out with e levelof success few envisaged three years ago. Themass action since 1983 has completely wreckedthe government's pians and has thrown " theNationalists into a crisis of enormous proportions.

s»AchievementsWhat have been the achievements of three years ofunited action?

• Defeating the "new deal"In its first year of existence the UDF and its

affiliates campaigned tirelessly against the blocklocal authorities and tricameral elections. Theresult - 90 percent of eligible voters boycotted theblack local authorities ejections. The followingyear 84 percent of eligible Indian and colouredvoters boycotted the tricameral elections.

By refusing to participate in the apartheidelections, the.majority of our people indicateddecisively that they rejected the "new dear, were

opposed toand would be satisfied with nothing less thanmajority rule.

* The collapse of bodies ofminority rule

The government nevertheless pushed aheadwith its attempts at fine-tuning apartheid andchose to ignore the wishes of the masses.

The seeds of the downfall of the black localauthorities system were sown when thegovernment gave these puppet bodies the power toincrease rents. Councillors raised rents andservice charges and did nothing to improve livingconditions, despite their election promises

the uptisjffl in the Vaal Triangle inSeptember f984 signalled the beginning of the end

f of the black local authorities throughout thecountry. By the end of 1985 few town councilsremained intact. 'i

" ^ The people have further intensified theircampaign against the black, local authorties and thewhole system of apartheid through rent boycotts.

* Fighting bantustanstructures

UDF has become involved in the struggles of therural people in the bantustans. In fact, the mostphenomenal development of UDF, especially in thelast year, has been In the rural areas.Progressive youth congress or village councilsunder the UDF have been set up in many of thevillages, especially in the Transvaal

One of UDF's key calls has been for thedismantling of undemxratic tribal structures andthe setting up of demxratic.village councils.

* Building organisationThe formation of the UDF spurred the

development of organisations in a way that hadnever been seen before.;; Numerous ad-hxcommittees established to fight the new deal grewand transformed themselves into civic end otherstructures. National contact enabled organisationsto share experiences and resources and to lay thebasis for national campaigns.

The UDF's Million Signature Campaign in 1984spread the message of the UDF far and wide andhelped encourage those who wanted to fight againstapartheid to unite and form organisations. Thecampaign also gave UDF activists the opportunityto discuss the political situation with hundreds ofthousand of ordinary people.

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the setting up of joint students, parents endleacher committees in many parts. ,

UDF's civic and student affiliates were thedriving forces behind the attempts to bring thedifferent sectors together. Two nationalconferences - in December and March were held toadopt a common national approach to resolving thecrisis. This led to the formation of the NECC. As aresult national demands were put to the DET endstate.

Area-based structures have brought togetheryouth, women's and civic organisation to ensurethat our campaigns are effective throughout thecountry..

Lastly, the UDf has constantly strived toensure that ell sectors of the people's camp areunited in their efforts to defeat the enemy. Tootysectors such as taxi-drivers, shebeen owners.small businessmen even support UDF demandsand campaigns.

* Weakening the unity ofapartheid forces

Increasing resistance has sowed doubts in theminds of many white South Africans about theability of the state to resolve the present crisis.More and more whites are beginning to ackowledgethe inevitability of majority rule and theimportancce of the ANC.

The highly successful UDF "Call to whites"campaign formed en important pert of ourmovement's attempt to show whites that there is afuture beyond the Nationalist Party 8nd beyondminority rule.

• From ungovernability topeople's power

In many areas, apartheid functionaries likebantustan chiefs and town councillors haveresigned. In their place civic, youth and studentcongresses have formed organs of people's power totake control of local administration.

in the rural areas tribal authorities are beingreplaced by democratically elected village councilswhile the collapse of the black local authoritieshas been accompanied by new forms of massorganisation such as street end area committees. .

These structures have involved entirecommunities in collective decision making and inthis way unity has been built as never before. Stayaways could be called overnight as a result ofstrong street, area and block committees. *The formation of such structures has also led

UDF expanded from the Initial t h r *geographical regions to eight. On August 20 1983our established regions were Natal, Transvaal andthe Western Cape. Since then fully-fledged regionsin the Eastern Cape, Border, West Coast, NorthernTransvaal and Orange Free State have beenlaunched, as well as several sub-regions.

. Increasing anti-apartheid activity attractedthousands of young people who were recruited intothe newly established youth structures and becametireless cadres in UDF campaigns. '~^-m.^

At the same time there has been a shift away"from mainly youth-led resistance to theInvolvement of all sections of society. Increasinglythe youth have worked along-side the workers,parents, residents and other sectors through civicstructures and parent/teacher /studentassociations. Their common aim is to buildmaximum unity in the struggle against exploitationand oppression.

* Building national unity

The launch of UDF made possible large scalenationally co-ordinated opposition to apartheidin UDF's first year we initiated national day's ofaction and spearheaded national campaigns.

Since then the growing militancy of the peoplecombined with heightened organisation and unityhas drematicalty increased the scope for nationalaction. Creative strategies such as consumerboycotts spread regionally and then nationally inmid-1985. 1986 saw highly successful nationalstay awff/s on May 1 st and June 16th organised byCosatu and UDF

Unity in action between the UDF and the tradeunion movement has been a major feature of thelast two years. The November 1984 Transvaalstay-away brought together student, communityend worker demands. The formation of Cosatu andthe National Education Crisis Committeegreatly enhanced the possibilities for nationallyco-ordinated political and economic action so thatthis year on May 1st, UDF affiliates around thecountry joined with Cosatu and declared it anational public holiday.

Nowhere has unity produced greater resultsthan in the sphere of education struggle . 1984and 1985 saw the growth of Cosas and thearticulation of student demands on a national basis.The state responded brutally to the studentsdemands culminating in the banning of Cpsas.theUDF's largest affiliate. This resulted in thegrowing involvement by' teachers and parents and

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to undisciplined elements being brought under thecontrol of the people and their organisations. It Isonly in this way that people have been able todefend each other against vigilante attacks orevictions.

Consumer boycotts, rent boycotts andstay-aways have neccessitated the fullparticipation of the people at a street level. Thisled to street committees being formed and enabledthe people to wage these campaigns with thpminimum of coercion.

• International solidarity.

Apartheid repression end the state'si ntransigence mobi 1 ised unprecedentedinternational support against apartheid.

British Consulate sit-in by six Natal UDFseeking refuge from detention made e

contibution to the international campaign to isolatethe apartheid regime, making it more difficult forMargaret Thatcher and other friends of thegovernment to openly assist PW Botha.

When the people of South Africa opposed theNew Zealand Rugby Tour, UDF office-bearer, theRev Arnold Stofile visited New Zealand to voicetheir protests, contributing to the tourcancellation. i

The state's responseWhen the detentions of our leaders andharassment of activists failed to stop themarch forward repression swiftlyescalated. The formation of anonymousM squads, vigilante attacks ondarampts to criminalise the activities ofthe Front have beenj features of the last18 months.

As repression has increased, our peopleresponded by forming self-defence committeesand embarking on campaigns to isolate theapartheid forces in the communities.

One of the lessons of the conflict betweenvigilantes and our people in Crossroads Is that weneed to constantly be aWare of the necessity tobuild maximum unity among all sections of theoppressed people

More serious is the conflict Inkatha hasorchestrated against the UDF.

The state has also used the strategy of puttingour leaders on trial in order to remove themf om action and weaken the democraticmovement. We need to ensure that we are

• ,-tstantly building new layers of leadershipreplace those detained, jailed or killed.

June 12: A nationalemergency is imposedJust prior to the declaration of theemergency the continued existence of theapartheid regime was being threatenedon a number of fronts.

All attempts to implement piecemealsolutions such as the partial state of emergency.the scrapping of the pass laws and theintroduction of the national statutory councilshad failed to crush the uprising or win masssupport These measures merely deepenedopposition and further isolated the regime.

The declaration of the national emergencyon June 12th was thus a major attempt by thestate to take the initiative from the progressivemovement and to create completely newconditions to retain white minority rule.

The a ims of t he emergency

were to : ;

* Eliminate the' democraticmovement.* Close off all legal space for massmobilisation and organisation.* Smash the township and ruraluprisings in order to regain controland prevent the advance of people'spower.* Intensify attacks on the FrontlineStates with the aim of mi l i tar i lydefeating the ANC.*.Re-unite the ruling group.

State has littlesuccess in aims

Despite detaining thousands of people,occupying the townships and villages, cripplingthe media and generally launching a full-scaleoffensive against the people, the state has hadlittle success in achieving its objectives.

* The democratic movement has notbeen crushed. While widespread detentions Tover 70S? of which aie of members of UDFaffiliates - have hit some areas hard, manyactivists foresaw the emergency and took thenecessary precautions. They have been able toavoid detention and remain active, even ifcovertly.

While.the army, police and vigilantesconjjnue terrorising local populations they havenot gone TiaebaUenged. Increasingly, theere fighting back.

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Page 11

Children M»4 *fr«v «f ta a vwM «ff •v*rnm*M viotenc*

Detaineesreject Naziyouth campsMANY DEVIOUS methods tocoerce people into supportingthe regime, acting as informersor deserting their organisationsare used by the security forces.One such method is the

notorious youth concentrationcamps. The camps are part of abroader state strategy todepoliticise youth and win their"hearts and minds".Former detainees have

described how at DiepkloofPrison at the end of Julydetainees were divided into threegroups: Category A being theleaders, Category B for membersof organisations or streetcommittees, end Category Cconsisting mainly of youngpeople who often were notmembers of organisations.Category C detainees were

separated from the rest - theauthorities being well awarethat detention is a school forpolitical education. Detainees inCategory C were given moreexercise time and promisedvideos. And they were asked onmany occasions to becomeInformers for the state.While in detention youths were

approached and told that theywould be released if they firstunderwent an ' "educationcourse". Others sigted formsfor the camps not knowing whatthey were signing.

Told would be released

'. A detainee from Mamelodi saidThere we signed the forms thatstated we will be released. Theysaid we would be taken home in abus." But Instead he 8nd 36others were taken to a camp

where they were asked aboutwhat organisations they belongedto and questioned about theirschooling.The camps have been used to

"reorientate" youths, toindoctrinate them as well as ameans to recruit informers. Asan ex-inmate of Roedewal Campsaid: "they taught us aboutleadership and also aboutcommunists and terrorists.They showed us pictures of theRussian AK47 guns that theterrorists use and the Rl gunsthat the Republic uses and theytaught us that the Republicanguns are more powerful. I didnot like that place."On leaving the camp, detainees

were told that their problemswere over and that the security

' forces would "be m touch".

; But the majority of detainees-.have refused to go to theseschools for brainwashing, whileothers escaped the first night.in a letter smuggled out ofDiepkloof Prison detainees, all

imembersof UDF affiliates, saidthey were rejecting the eoVancesof those people advertising thecamps. The detainees said thatthey wonted to assure "alli progressive organisations andI people that our freedom andcommitment is not compromisedby the venomous niceties dangled•by the system."

Trasco has demanded that thecamps be disbanded. "Thegovernment has failed tore-establish itself through therej ected Nazi - style youthcamps". said ' a Trascospokesperson. -Trasco has also called on the

government to reveal thewhereabouts of about 3000missing youths.The UDF said "As its attempts

'to pacify the townships becomeincreasingly desperate, theregime has turned to undercoverand more brutal ways ofregaining control."

Paget2

State JasJfes out at democratic movement

UDF bears the bruntUPDATE

c t

THE WHITE minoritygovernment is wallowing in acrisis of escalating proportions.

This crisis Is the product of enintransigent government whorefuses to yield to a process thatwould meaningfully end lessviolently resolve thefundamental problems facing ourcountry today.

The governments answer hasbeen one of self imposed myopia.tt has chosen to ignore the rootcauses of the crisis and hasinstead optdi for intensifiedrepression.

The apartheid regime hasdeclared two states ofemergencies within a period oftwo years.

The emergencies were designedto crush the demxraticmovement which has continuedto dictate the pace and course ofpolitical developments in thiscountry.

1965 and 1986 saw thegovernment declaring open waragainst our people. The peoplesanswer is clear: Recognising thatthe dismantling of apartheid andthe genuine transfer of power to

tt\e people has become a historicnecessity - the people havedeclared their own war.

The determined resistance ofthe people has sent thegovernment into a blind panic.It has now launched a systematicattack against the UDF and otherdemocratic forces,

A new terror in our land

Our people are being attackedby vigilantes in areas whereapartheid structures her/e beenchallenged or dismantled by thepeople.

The powers vested in the SADFand the SAP have allowed them tomrfirtf maim our people. Homesof UDF activists are burnt downor petrol bombed. Since March1905 large numbers of peoplehave mysteriously disappearedor been killed.

An analysis of repressionrelated incidents indicate thatthe brutalities perpetuated 'against activists and theirfamilies as well as communitiesas a whole are systematic andsustained. It is a determinedattempt to crush the resistance

THE EXTENT OF REPRESSION IS MAD

PEOPLE DETAINEDFirst emeroencuSecond emeroencuInternal Secari tu Act1 966 TOTAL DETENTIONS

First emertenco

Interne! Secur it a Act 598

of the people.it would appear that all organs

of the state's repressivemachinery are acting incollaboration with one another.

A general pattern has emergedof the SAP refusing to acceptcomplaints against them. Forexample when a man reportedbeing beaten up at the Tembisapel ice station, a black policementold the station commander thatthe man wanted to necklace him.He was detained.

In addition there have beenincidents where ^ P and SADFreports of events havecontradicted those of witnesses.In one case a man was shot bypolice while driving in his car.He was arrested and assaulted. Incourt the magistrate was toldthat it was a case involving a caraccident and a stolen car.

Damage of homes

When security police havebeen unable to find activists athome they have a! legedtydestroyed or damaged familyproperty.

Another trend that hasemerged has been theherrossment and detention of thefamilies of activists in anattempt to Isolate activists fromsupport within the families aswell as in the community as awhole. Families have been takenhostage and assaulted wheneverthe security forces are unable tofind an activist.

On 15 August council policefrom Soweto abducted the fifteenyear sister of a UDF activist.They wanted her to get herbrother for them. They too): herto a scrapyard and locked her upin an old fridge, She was rescuedby people who heard herscreams for help.

UPDATE

UDF has foreignfunds cut off

The organisation that has beenthe hardest hit, however, is theUDF and its affiliates. From itsinception the UDF has been thetarget of the state attempts toisolate the UDF from the people.To this end various methodswere adopted:

* Disinformation : thedistribution of bogus pamphletscountrywide. Disinformationabout the Front and its activitieshas alsc been spread throughvarious other forms of media

* Meetings of the Front havebeen banned.

> * Victimisation of UDFleaders and activists in theurban areas and- in thebantustarts-includingthe banningof the Front in the Transkei.

* Trumped up treasoncharges against our leaders.

During the f i rs t emergency835S of detainees were from theUDF and 7 9 * in the secondemergency.

Important leaders of thepeople like Trevor Manual,Raymond Suttner, AmosMasondo, Titus Mafoto StoneSizani and many others havebeen detained and banned.

Affected organisation

Coupled with all this the UDFwas declared an .affectedorganisation on October 9, and isnow forbidden to receive fundsfrom overseas.

T hrough its openly facistmethods the state has sought toregain the ground i t has lost tothe people.

In areas where we havedeveloped strong peoples'committees, these methods havebeen resisted and frustrated. Thepeople hove seen the need iodefend \ha\r leaders andorganisations in order ioc ^olidate and advance.

Page 13

'I'M

D * I M * Is M atUck by UM S U U M UW l*f«lity «f theUDF. Plctarrt art UM 22 •r l f lul Lrlallsts.

Delmas: the T- Shirt trialTHE STATE has chargBd the 22Delmas tr lel lsts with being partyto an alleged conspiracy by the ANCand the UDF to overthnSPThegovernment by violence or threatsof violence.

They are chargBd with a main,count of treason, alternativelywith three charges of terror ism,two of subversion and five ofmurder - most relating to the Vooluprising of September 1984.

Nineteen of the accused werelinked to organisations in the Vae)prior to the September 1984uprising. In some cases this link isextremely tenuous - Tom Manthatafor example has been put In thedock for adressing a single meetinginSharpevfUe.

UDF leaders like Popo Molefe,Terror Lekota and Moss Chlkenehave no direct connection toorganisations in the Vool. The stateindictment ignores this.

Thus comrades like Popo, Terrorand Moss face murder charges inrelation to the deaths of Vaalcouncillors whom they never knewexisted and who were killed whilethey were in detention.

Council for defence Mr ArthurChaskalson has ChargBd that thetr ia l has almost been reduced to a

"T shirt t r i a l ' referring towitnesses who always say " I saw aUDF T shirt ( In the crowd at anfncktent of unrest)."

On 4 November Mr Chaskalson,in reviewing state evidence, saidthe evidence did not link the acts ofviolence that occurred to any UDFcampaign.

Much of the state case has beenbased on evidence given by statewitnesses whose evidance heard Incamera has changBd overnight. Onewitness claimed her evidence hadbeen fabricated and that she hadbeen forced to fabricate It.

Stap Press: Three ofthe Dels as t r ia l ists werereleased at the end orNovember when the judosfound that the state had notpresented a case againstthe*.

they are Mere, Halindfand VIlakazl. Six otterswere released on ball.They are Mokoena,rtphuthl. Raaakovla.Hianyane, Balefce andRatsoRO.

All our support aiust nowconcentrate on these stillremaining on trial.

Page 14 UPDATE

T i e tfaaiaais a f statfeats araaatf tba Stata a f Enar§aacg aatfaiacatlaa crisis are aatlaaal aa i clear. IP I ITf speaks ta tbaTraasaaal Statfaats Caagrass fTrasce}.

Trasco saysgive backour schoolsWMmi

Our demands are loud end clear:a) The lifting of the State of

Emergency;ti) The release of our fellow

students and teachers;c)' Withdrawal of the SAP and the

SADF.d) The unbanning of COSAS;e) The lifting of restrictions on

SRC meetings;f) The government to disband

youth camps; andg) The opening of a!l closed

schoolsWe view the State of Emergency

as the- state's response to themassive growth of demxrefic andstudent organisations. Thegovernment has lost control overeducation. Through this State ofEmergency they hoped to recoverthe ground they have lost.

Our schools have now beenturned into "army camps" withsoldiers stationed inside. We aremade to produce ID Dompas cardswhen entering our schools. Thismakes us feel like strangers inour own schools.

We are also faced with asituation where thousands of ourfellow classmates and teachersare in detention. Many of ourmembers are under the age of15, 8nd have already spent sixmonths in apartheid's stinkingcells.

The government has denied usthe right to organise ourselveslike our parents who areprevented from organisingthemselves on the factory floor.This has resulted in the banningof COSAS and SRC meet ings.

The government hopes tore-establish .itself through therejected Nazi-styled • "youthcamps'". Its objective is to winthe hearts arid minds of the

^creat ing stooges likeGatsha Buthelezi ana UCCP'sThamsanqa Linda.

School and universitystudents demand thelifting of the Emergency

Ms* Trmsem t*±*mPfple 's £4&cmti0Mi

m0mtA$r

We are continuing to show ourrejection of apartheid educationand to reaffirm our demand fora People's Education where the"doors of learning and cultureshall be opened toall"

Cultural activities, sportprogramme?., group discussions,debates and tuition are takingc!ace in both open and closedschools. We are also embarkingon solidarity action with affectedareas. These programmes arecontinuing under the harsh ruleof the SADF which is bent ondisrupting our activities. Weoefend these programmes at alltimes.

VM*t is Trssc*4*m*m**Mg mfsi prtsemt?

P£T

we call on the DET to meetwith the NECC to discuss theeducation crisis.

Many a time the NECC has beengiven a mandate to meet with theDET. But the DET has refused tomeet with the NECC and insteadmany NECC members have beendetained.

Faced with the situation wherethousands of our schoolmates arein detention and hundreds of

.student leaders in hiding, wedemand that.* The DET postpone

examinations to next year asthis will give all students anopportunity to write.

* Students who were unable towrite this year and teacherswho have been expel led or •detained should not be refusedadmission next year

UPDATE*Tmmi gmtm* MMS True*MMfe £m Its sMTt

Page 15

There have been a number ofgains made. To mention a few:1) We managed to create an

unshakable unity amongourselves.

2) Although the DET has theassistance of the SADF and theSAP, we have rendered itsprogrammes unworkable.

?) We have established a goodrelationship with parents,the NECC and other sectorsof the community

A) A good working relationshiphas been established betweenparents, teachers andstudents. This C3n be seen inthe establishment ofParent-Teacher -Studentsassociations

FM*t 4oes Trssc*txptct of tememtrs?

We expect teachers tostrengthen the wor k i ngrelationship with us as studentsbecause they are also affected bythe governments /DET'srepressive measures.

Teachers shoulo work onrengthenlng their teachersganisations such as NEU5A so

that their unity won't be brokenBy the DET

Teachers should also fullyparticipate In developing theirteaching methods in consultationwith the broader community soas to meet the demands ofPeople's Education.

Ctmmtmt mm Trs.sc* 'sretstismsmip wiiM tie

As students we ere members ofthe community and a part of theyouth which has fallen victim tothe apartheid education system.

We are working jointly withthe youth to form youthcongresses to chal lange theproblems that confront us.

DET closes the doorsof learning and culture

THE DEPARTMENT of Education and Training seemsIntent on pursuing a head-on collision course withstudents, parents and teachers.

The people or South Africa are worried and concernedabout the future of education in South Africa. There is acritical need for the community to discuss education.

Yet meetings are banned and hundreds of students, andtheir parents and teachers are in detention. Thousands ofstudents have been expelled while teachers have beenretrenched Troops and police occupy school premises.

Time and time again the National Education CrisisCommittee (NECC) has attempted to meet the DET toresolve the crisis. Instead of meeting the grievances ofthe community the DET has followed its apartheid mastersIn closing down schools In a futile attempt to resolve theeducation crisis.

Today the DET has closed about 88 schools in all parts ofthe country. In Soweto 10 schools have been closed down,three in the East Rand, 60 in the Eastern Cape and 15 i n 'the Northern Transvaal.

Emptg desks symbolise th* •ducatitn crisis

Page 16

State and tig business panic as forelg.

Workers at heart ofsanctions debateGROWING mass resistancenationally against apartheidoppression and exploitation hasnow led to the Intensification ofvarious protest actionsinter national ty-

It also led to an increase ingovernment harrasment andvictimisation of organisationsand individuals in favour of suchInternational measures on theother hand

An effective struggle against arepressive regime like oursmust be waged at all possiblelevels. Thus in our struggleinternational isolation of theNationalists is esentfal.

Sanctions are one measurewhich forms a vital area for theInternational community topressurise Pretxta

MultinationalsSouth Africa in fact Is viewed

as one of the leading tradingcountries in the world today.South African capital has come torely a lot on foreign capital ascan be shown by the number ofmultinationals that had beenoperating here.

r«r w*rk«rsThus the waging of sanctions

and other forms of pressure hasthe ability to pressurise SouthAfrica to address itself to thegenuine and long standingdemands of the people. This ofcourse does not necessarily meanthat sanctions by themselves

will automatically bring aboutradical change in this country.

Fierce debate

Presently a fierce debate israging nationally andinternationally on the issue ofsanctions/disinvestment Theapplication of sanctions andeconomic pressure tends to varyfrom country to country. Somecountries have applied voluntarysanctions, some have beenadhering to certain internationalcodes of conduct and others hove

to have pressure applied onthem to—get them to applysanctions.

The strangest thing about thedisinvestment debate is thesudden concern by a range ofpeople for the suffering of bladeSouth Africans.

Government responseLouis Nel, Deputy Minister of

Foreign Affairs, tells us thatdisinvestment, successful lyemployed, is an act of violenceagaist blacks. This comes from aperson in the very apartheidregime which daily sends Itstroops Into the townships.

The director of Steel andEngineering IndustriesFederation of South Africa(SEIFSA), Mr Sam Van Ooler hassaid that the imposition ofsanctions was a serious blow tothe country's iron and steelsectors and Jeopadfses the93500 jobs in that industry.

It comes as a surprise thatSEIFSA which is an employersfederation opposed to COQATU andall progresfve organisationsshould suddenly be concernedabout the plight of blackworkers as they have beenresponsible for mass dismissalsand exploitation of the workers.

Harry Oppenheimer said those

Tb* aajarlty »f warktrs

who argue f x disinvestment,white or black, are notconcerned with justice amfreedom in Africa. Last year, ofcourse, big businesses andOppenhefmer himself, came outin support of PW Botha'sdeclaration of the State ofEmergency. That is howconcerned Oppenheimer and hisfellow bosses are about ourpeople's freedom.

Uwusa, another puppet socalled federation which Ispro-capitalism, andpro-investment, suddenlyshows concern f x wxkers. Onecannot be pro-capitalism andhave the wxkers interest atheart at the same time.

Lastly the majxity of thesuffering masses have said thatsuffering or no suffering theyare in favour of sanctions.

" A crumb is better than nobread" is South Africa's sloganon black wxkers and the massesin general

Eastman Kodak of the US andBata Shoes of Canada recentlyannounced their withdrawalfrom South Africa This was thelatest of a spate of companieseither leaving x intending toteeve South Africa

This has added a new dimensionto the wholedisinvestment/sanctions debate.The General Motors strikehelped to focus even moresharply on the question ofresponsibilities and obligationsof departing companies towardsfts workforce.

UPDATE

Overs easthey sayno moreto Botha

The EEC Countries• e l f i n

a) Termination of risk onmedium and long term creditsfor exports to South Africab) Freeze on inter governmentagreements.

%Termination of export credit

guarantees and selectivetermination of bankingagreements.

a) No official assistance foreconomic relations with SouthAfrica

b) Ban on health agenciesfrom importing from SouthAfrica or dealing with theSouth African authoritiesc) A ban on agriculturalproducts.

a) Closure of immigrationofficers In Italy anddfcourogement ofemmfgration to South Africab) Controls on the export ofcivilian aircraft to South Africac) Embargo on the sales ofmilitary equipment

The above are all voluntarysanctions, no pressure what soever was put on these countriesto impose sanctions.

BrIUli

c) Recall of military attachesd) Discouragement of scientific eventse) Cessation of oil to South Africaf) Nan collaboration on nucleurmattersg) End of export of computers andxientiffc equipment to the SAPh) Banning of all new government togovernment loans1) Banning of import of all gold coinsfrom South Africa

Voluntary new sanctions(Bri tain)Ban on new investment .. ̂Ban on promotions of tourism '^ t o r-

PraUsls ovlsltf* fw*«lf*tasks will gr«w

Countries outside EEC

a) Ban on new Investments,loons, credits and security forSouth African public debts.b) Ban on local fruit, wine andKrugar randsc) State schemes to seekalternative supplies of strategicminerals.d) TradB and maritime trafficofficially discouragede) Ban on air links.

Existing Sanctions: •razll:o) Ban on export of arms, crutte

a) Embargo on the export - Import of oil and petroliurn derivativesarms b) Ban on all cultural andb) Refusal to cooperate militarily sporting contacts

Page 17

c) Severed diplomatic relationsAll the above have imposedvoluntary sanctions

••Itei States:

Existing Sanctionsa) Prohibition on export-Import bank transactionsb) Prohibition of US exports totheSAPandSADFc) Non-recognition of"independent" homelandsd) UN arms embargo( imports-exports)e) Prohibition of commercialbank loans to South Africangovernmentf) Ban on sales of computer andtechnology to apartheidenforcing army of SouthAfricag) Ban on nucleur collaborationwith South Africa f x other thanhumanitarian reasonsh) Ban on the import of gold

a) Ban or direct investment inSouth Africa by Japanesecompaniesb) Japanese banks discouragedfrom lending money to SouthAfricac) Restriction of exportInsurance f x trade with SouthAfricad) Ban on the sale of computerequipment to the SAPe) Official discouragement of thesale of Kruger rands

Recently there has been agrowing interest in Japan onSouth Africa Japan is becomingeven more Important now asSouth Africa seeks alternativemarkets in Asia

a) Suspension of all investmentIn South Africa by publicenterpriseb) Ban on governmentguarantees f x expxt credits

Page 18 UPDATE

UDF NEWS ROUND UPMats verfc steppafeea 1 leceaher

COSATO HAS declared DecemberI a da/ of commemoration tomark the deaths of more than250 Cosstu members this year.

TTte decision to embark on amass stoppage on December 1follows the recent death of aworker during police action at aMetal and Allied Workers Unionmeeting in Durban.

Jay Naidoo, Cosotu GeneralSecretary, said December I isnot just a day of mournino but 8day on which the country'sworkers will rally around thecall to stop the killings. Cosetudemands the right to meetwithout police interference andfear of being shot and killed

NIM heaears Maatfela

IN A SIGNIFICANT move theNational Union of Mlneworkerspaid tribute to jailed AfricanNational Congress leader NelsonMandela At its Annual Congressheld earlier this year NUMelected elected Comrade Mandelahonorary president.

lateraal leadersatteatf Macbelfaaeral

THE FUNERAL of the people'spresident Comrade SamoraMachel brought UDF presidentArch le Gumede and Cosatu'sgeneral secretary Jay Naidoo tooccupy places of honour amongAfrican heads of State.

Their presence followed adecision by Frontline States toinclude internal leaders in toplevel discussions.

6H worker displays hisinjuries «rter • c lnh withpolice

CM Barkers vaa't beleft ia the larch

GENERAL MOTORS is confrontedwith a m8jx challenge from theNational Automobile and AlliedWorkers union (NAAWU) whichhas pledged to continue to fightuntil workers receive all theirrights before the company pullsout of South Africa

Two thousand workers areaffected by the company'swithdrawal from the country.

The workers are demandingamong other things

1) Severance pay of onemonths salary for eachcompleted year with thecompany.

2 ) That all contributions fromthe company and employerstowards the pension fundbe paid out to the workers.

3) That two of the newdirectors In the new company beappointed by NAAWU members

employed by the company.However deneral Motors said

it was not prepared to pay theseverance money and thecompany wouldn't refundpension contributions.

This sparked a strike onOctober 29. Five hundred andsixty seven workers weredismissed

COSATU has come out insupport of the General Motorsworkers, pointing out that theworkers are not prepared tobeer the brunt of sanctions anddisinvestment which are thedirect result of apartheid.

Community and youthorganisations in P x t Elizabethpledged strong support f x thestriking workers at a massmeeting.

Patca has hegcett

THE BUS boycott of Putco whichbegan on I November wastriggered by fare increases of upto 17,535 in the Transvaal and1 5 * in Natal.

Eleven days of boycottingPutco buses by Soweto residentscost the company more than R481 360. Putco however standsby the increase and will notbudge.

Putco buses have also beenused as Trojan horses carryingsecurity police into thetownships. One child was killedend nine others injured whenwhite men in a bus opened fireon a group of costumed childrenplaying at fc/yFawkes.

Picket racist cricketTHE UDF has slated the latestboycott breaking cricket tour byrebel Australian cricketers.

"Their visit gives tacitsupport to the daily detentionsand deaths of our people, their

UPDATE Page 19

UDF NEWS ROUND UPonly motivation is greed", said aUDF spokesperson.

So far there hove been severalprotests directed at the tour,including oil poured on the pitchand a midnip^t stoning of theteam's expensive hotel.

Sisala eatf Jesepbreceive tep h M Hrights a»ar iUDF PRESIDENT Albertina Sisuluand UDF patron Helen Joseph wereawarded the Rothfco Chapel Awardfor human rights by a UnitedStates group.However the Department of Home

Affairs has refused the womenpassports to attend the ceremony.The award, which is worth about

RI2 500, is conferred on those"who have committed themselvesin the struggle for truth endfreedom."

Maticiaas aaite ia•JeaMcratic alliaaceMUSICIANS have united behind thedemocratic struggle in the newlyformedS A Musicians Alliance.

AlreaoY top names such asYvonne Choke Chaka, Stimela,Ooyote, Ebony, Johnny Clegg, CJBand Alec Khaati have associatedthemselves with the newinitiative.

The Musicians Alliance, whichhas come out in support of theUDF's "Christmas AgBinst theEmergency"campaign, had planneda Save the Children concert

The concert was disrupted by theforces of darkness.

The Musicians Alliance intendsto consult with political groups onareas of common interest. SuchMason would cover the question ofgigs on black holidays, the boycottof racist venues and makingmusicians more aware of thepolitical situation of the day.

The musician's manifesto saysthe organisation aims to "provide aprogramme of action where musiccan contribute substantivety to therecognition and unification of SAand its people."

Rasalfftd f i f ths , wife *r UDF _M t r M Oscar. Is laid U r w l .Hw Iwsaaad was r«r«s«4Mrrolsslu to laava prismto atUftd Uw fw»rm\.

•eaevetf attack aa• IF aad affiliatesIN THE first week of December thestate launched a fresh attack onUDF end the democratic movement

Hundreds of activists wereserved with restriction orders,while others were detained.

At the same time indications*were that there would be mediaclempdowns and mass detentions.

The UDF called on all supportersand their families to be on thedefensive against attack, and askedall freedom loving people to rallyto the support of democraticorganisations.

Among those served with arestriction order was UDFNational Treasurer Azhar Cachalia

The restriction orders forbidthose receiving them from callingfor the lifting of the State ofEmergency, the unbanning of theANC, the release of politicalprisoners and detainees, thewithdrawal of troops from thetownships and several otherdemocratic demands.

The restriction orders alsoattempt to prevent those receivingthem from participating in theactivities of the UDF and some ofits affiliates.

CoaiBuaittes standbehind rent boycottscommunity- to take part indemocratic decision making.

The government has triedmany strategies to prevent ourpeople from meeting to discusstheir grievances and problems.

Democratic street committeesare able to withstand repressionand communicate Informationquickly- And if communityleaders are detained, streetcommittees have developed manyothers to take their places.

i

ci

«

«

UNITY PLEDGE(To be read in ell Church services, ceremonies and in our homes)

CAMPAIGN FOR NATIONAL UNITED ACTION

Christmas against the EmergencyThis Christmas v e , the freedom laving peaple af Saath

Rfrica, pledge aurselves to unite in actian against apartheidand the Emergeacg. /

Die remember thase at home and these amag thisChristmas. Die will nat forget aar friends and relatives injail , aar fighting heroes and aar martgrs. Let as ga farmardin unitg, and with courage and resolution.

Hie further recognise that there are aalg two sides iaSouth Bfrica - those fighting far democracy, and thasesupporting apartheid. I t is absolutelg crucial that all sectiansof our secietg opposed to apartheid take a definite stand tebring an end to minority domination in aar cauntrg. Thisincludes parents, the geuth, markers, prafessionals, theunemployed, traders and spartspeaple. i l l the appressedpeople and white democrats demand the right ta participatedirectly in the shaping of oar awn fntare.

WE FURTHER DECLARE OUR REFUSAL TO TOLERATE A GOVERNMENT WHICHWHIU CLINGING TO POWER HAS:

* Wrecked the country's economy end caused massive unemployment andincreased the hardship all round.* Completely disrupted and destroyed the future ot thousands of young SouthAfricans through their pursuit of Verwoedian education policies.* Detained thousands of SbuTipAtricans from all walks of life.* Behind the cover of "law and order" brutalised our people throughindiscriminate killings as in Langa, White City and just recently Orlando West.* Sent its army into our townships.* Uprooted millions of South Africans through forced removals.

And because we are South Africans committed to a free, non-racial,democratic and peaceful South Africa, we wish to contribute towards this futureby pubiically declaring our.support for the Campaign for National United Action.

HNB PLEDGE uBRSELPES Tt CIMPIIfiN F l l :1) l a end ta the State af Emergeacg2) The release of Nelsaa Mandela aad all ether palitical

priseaers3) The unbanning af the flNC and all ether banned

organisations4) The re-epening af scheols, the repeal af the dracanian

controls impesed an students aad the establishment afpennies edacatian

5) l a end ta rent evictions6) Freedom af expression and assaciatiaa?) I living mage far markers, aad an ead ta retrenchments,

jabs far all, adequate social secaritg and the right ta strike.

i

Historical Papers, Wits University

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DELMAS TREASON TRIAL 1985-1989 PUBLISHER:Publisher:- Historical Papers, The University of the WitwatersrandLocation:- Johannesburg©2009

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DOCUMENT DETAILS:

Document ID:- AK2117-K2117-J6-CA1Document Title:- UDF Update, Vol 2, No 3. November 1986Document Date:- 03-Nov-86