ug- face recognition using neural networks

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FACE RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORKS

CONTENTS

TOPIC PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

LIST OF FIGURESCHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 1-5

1.1 Face Recognition Technology 1

1.2 Working of Face Recognition Technology 2

1.3 Introduction to Neural Networks 3

1.4 Use of Neural Networks 4

CHAPTER-2: HUMAN AND ARTIFICIAL NEURONS 6-7

2.1 ow the u!an "rain #earns $2.2 Fro! u!an Neurons to %rtificial Neurons &

CHAPTER-3: AN ENGINEERING APPROACH 8-12

3.1 % si!'le Neuron (

3.2 "asic )tructure of %rtificial Neural Network (

3.3 *attern Recognition + %n ,-a!'le

CHAPTER-:ARCHITECTURE OF NEURAL NETWORK 13-154.1 Feed/Forward Networks 13

4.2 Feed0ack Networks 13

4.3 Network #ayers 14

4.4 %dantages 1

4. %''lications of Face Recognition 1

CHAPTER-5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 16

REFERENCES 18

LIST OF FIGURES PAGE NO.Figure 1.1 *oints of Recognition 2

Figure 2.1 o!'onents of Neuron $

Figure 2.2 The )yna'ses &

Figure 2.3 The Neuron 5odel &

Figure 3.1 % si!'le Neuron (

Figure 3.2 "asic )tructure of %rtificial Neural Network

Figure 3.3 Network for *attern Recognition 16

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Figure 3.4 *attern 1 + T and 16

Figure 3. *attern 2 11

Figure 3.$ *attern 3 12

Figure 3.& *attern 4 12

Figure 4.1 ,-a!'le of a si!'le feed forward network 13Figure 4.2 %n e-a!'le of a co!'licated network 14

CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1F!"# R#"$%&'('$& T#")&$*$%+

Face recognition technology is the least intrusie and fastest 0io!etric technology. It works

with the !ost o0ious indiidual identifier + the hu!an face.

Instead of re9uiring 'eo'le to 'lace their hand on a reader:a 'rocess not acce'ta0le in

so!e cultures as well as 0eing a source of illness transfer; or 'recisely 'osition their eye in

front of a scanner< face recognition syste!s uno0trusiely take 'ictures of 'eo'le=s faces as

they enter a defined area. There is no intrusion or delay< and in !ost cases the su0>ects are

entirely unaware of the 'rocess. They do not feel ?under sureillance? or that their 'riacy

has 0een inaded.

Facial recognition analy@es the characteristics of a 'erson=s face i!ages in'ut through

a digital ideo ca!era. It !easures the oerall facial structure< including distances 0etween

eyes< nose< !outh< and >aw edges. These !easure!ents are retained in a data0ase and used as

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a co!'arison when a user stands 0efore the ca!era. This 0io!etric has 0een widely< and

'erha's wildly< touted as a fantastic syste! for recogni@ing 'otential threats :whether

terrorist< sca! artist< or known cri!inal; 0ut so far has not seen wide acce'tance in high/leel

usage. It is 'ro>ected that 0io!etric facial recognition technology will soon oertake

finger'rint 0io!etrics as the !ost 'o'ular for! of user authentication.

,ery face has nu!erous< distinguisha0le land!arks< the different 'eaks and alleys that

!ake u' facial features. ,ach hu!an face has a''ro-i!ately (6 nodal 'oints. )o!e of these

!easured 0y the Facial Recognition Technology are

7istance 0etween the eyes

Width of the nose

7e'th of the eye sockets

The sha'e of the cheek0ones

The length of the >aw line

F'%,# 1.1: P$'&( $/ #"$%&'('$&

These nodal 'oints are !easured creating a nu!erical code< called a face 'rint< re'resenting

the face in the data0ase.

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1.2 W$0'&% $/ /!"# #"$%&'('$& (#")&$*$%+:

The following four/stage 'rocess illustrates the way 0io!etric syste!s o'erate

C!(,# - a 'hysical or 0ehaioural sa!'le is ca'tured 0y the syste! during

enrol!ent

E(!"('$& - Uni9ue data is e-tracted fro! the sa!'le and a te!'late is created

C$!'$& - The te!'late is then co!'ared with a new sa!'le

M!(")'&% - The syste! then decides if the features e-tracted fro! the new sa!'le are

!atching or not when the user faces the ca!era< standing a0out two feet fro! it. The

syste! will locate the user=s face and 'erfor! !atches against the clai!ed identity or

the facial data0ase. It is 'ossi0le that the user !ay need to !oe and reatte!'t the

erification 0ased on his facial 'osition. The syste! usually co!es to a decision in

less than seconds.

U# - urrently gaining su''ort as a 'otential tool for aerting terrorist cri!es< facial

recognition is already in use in !any law enforce!ent areas. )oftware has also 0een

deelo'ed for co!'uter networks and auto!ated 0ank tellers that use facial

recognition for user erification 'ur'oses.

E4!*,!('$& - 8ne of the strongest 'ositie as'ects of facial recognition is that it is

non/intrusie. Aerification or identification can 0e acco!'lished fro! two feet away

or !ore< and without re9uiring the user to wait for long 'eriods of ti!e or do anything!ore than look at the ca!era. Face recognition is also ery difficult to fool. It works

0y co!'aring facial land!arks / s'ecific 'ro'ortions and angles of defined facial

features / which cannot easily 0e concealed 0y 0eards< eyeglasses or !akeu'.

T)# '#!* $*,('$& - %ll of this !akes face recognition ideal for high traffic areas

o'en to the general 'u0lic< such as

%ir'orts and railway stations

or'orations

ash 'oints

)tadiu!s

*u0lic trans'ortation

Financial institutions

Boern!ent offices

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"usinesses of all kind

1.3 I&($,"('$& ($ N#,!* N#($0

,er since eternity< one thing that has !ade hu!an 0eings stand a'art fro! the rest of

the ani!al kingdo! is< its 0rain .The !ost intelligent deice on earth< the Cu!an 0rainD is

the driing force that has gien us the eer/'rogressie s'ecies diing into technology and

deelo'!ent as each day 'rogresses.

7ue to his in9uisitie nature< !an tried to !ake !achines that could do intelligent >o0

'rocessing< and take decisions according to instructions fed to it. What resulted was the

!achine that reolutioni@ed the whole world< the Co!'uterD :!ore technically s'eaking the

Aon Neu!ann o!'uter;. ,en though it could 'erfor! !illions of calculations eery

second< dis'lay incredi0le gra'hics and 3/di!entional ani!ations< 'lay audio and ideo 0ut it

!ade the sa!e !istake eery ti!e.

*ractice could not !ake it 'erfect. )o the 9uest for !aking !ore intelligent deice

continued. These researches lead to 0irth of !ore 'owerful 'rocessors with high/tech

e9ui'!ents attached to it< su'er co!'uters with ca'a0ilities to handle !ore than one task at a

ti!e and finally networks with resources sharing facilities. "ut still the 'ro0le! of designing

!achines with intelligent self/learning< loo!ed large in front of !ankind. Then the idea of

initiating hu!an 0rain stuck the designers who started their researches one of the

technologies that will change the way co!'uter work %rtificial Neural Networks.

W)!( ' ! N#,!* N#($0

Neural Network is the s'ecified 0ranch of the %rtificial Intelligence.

In general< Neural Networks are si!'ly !athe!atical techni9ues designed to

acco!'lish a ariety of tasks. Neural Networks uses a set of 'rocessing ele!ents :or nodes;

loosely analogues to neurons in the 0rain :hence the sa!e< neural networks;. These nodes are

interconnected in a network that can then identify 'atterns in data as it is e-'osed to the data.

In a sense< the network learns fro! the e-'erience >ust as 'eo'le do. Neural networks can 0e

configured in arious arrange!ents to 'erfor! a range of tasks including 'attern recognition

ug- face recognition using neural networks

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