ujamaa villages in tz a bibliography

amaa Villages in Tanzania: iography

by ,>

Dean E, McHenry, Jr.

Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala 1981

U J T J A A VILLAGES IN TANZANIA:

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

UJAMAA VILLAGES IN TANZANIA:

A BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Dean E. McHenry, J r . Brown U n i v e r s i t y

S c a n d i n a v i a n Institute o f A f r i c a n Studies, Uppsa la 1 9 8 1

The mos t a m b i t i o u s e f f o r t o f any A f r i c a n c o u n t r y t o i n i t i a t e t h e e s t a b l i s h r f i e n t o f a s o c i a l i s t s o c i e t y i s T a n z a n i a ' s a t t e m p t t o c r e a t e ujamaa v i l l a g e s . T h i s i s a b i b l i o g r a p h y o f books, a r t i c l e s and p a p e r s on t h e s u b j e c t p u b l i s h e d up t o 1980. Most o f t h e m a t e r i a l s a r e i n E n g l i s h , s e v e r a l a r e i n S w a h i l i , some i n French , a few i n German and s t i l l fewer i n o t h e r l a n g u a g e s . The works a r e o r g a n i z e d by t h e i r dominant theme i n t o s e c t i o n s w i t h i n f o u r b a s i c s u b j e c t c a t e g o r i e s : t h e e v o l u t i o n , f o r m a t i o n , c h a r a c t e r and e v a l u a t i o n o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s o r e f f o r t s t o b u i l d ujamaa v i l l a g e s . An a u t h o r and a s u b j e c t i n d e x a r e i n c l u d e d ' to f a c i l i t a t e f u r t h e r t h e l o c a t i o n o f r e l e v a n t s t u d i e s .

ABBREVIATIONS

BRALUP CCM EALB EAPH ERB FAO TANU TPH

Bureau o f Resource Assessment and Land Use P l a n n i n g Chama c h a Mapinduzi ( R e v o l u t i o n a r y P a r t y ) E a s t A f r i c a n L i t e r a t u r e Bureau E a s t A f r i c a n P u b l i s h i n g House Economic Research Bureau Food and A g r i c u l t u r e O r g a n i z a t i o n Tanganyika A f r i c a n N a t i o n a l Union T a n z a n i a P u b l i s h i n g House

ISBN 91-7106-187-8 P r i n t e d i n Sweden by O f f s ~ t c e n t e r a b , Uppsala 1981

This b ib l iog raphy would n o t have been i n i t i a t e d o r completed wi thou t t h e a s s i s t a n c e of Yvet te Scheven, t h e Af r i cana L i b r a r i a n a t t h e Uni- v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s . Her r epea t ed adv ice , counse l and e d i t o r i a l work were i n v a l u a b l e . The s t a f f s of t h e l i b r a r i e s of t h e Un ive r s i t y of I l l i n o i s , Brown Un ive r s i t y , Northwestern Un ive r s i t y , Boston Univer- s i t y , t h e L ib ra ry of Congress and, i n t h e p a s t , t h e Un ive r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam have provided cons ide rab le a s s i s t a n c e . And, many Tan- zanian and non-Tanzanian s c h o l a r s who have s t u d i e d ujamaa v i l l a g e s have d i r e c t l y gnd i n d i r e c t l y a s s i s t e d i n i t s compi l a t i on . The h e l p of a l l t h e s e co l l eagues h a s made t h i s b ib l iog raphy p o s s i b l e .

D. ElcH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Subject 1. Ujamaa villages 2. Their significance 3. Their literature

B. Bibliography 1. Character of existing bibliographies 2. Character of this bibliography

11. REFERENCES

A. Evolution of the Ujamaa Village Strategy for Rural Development

1. Experiences and conditions in rural Tanzania 2. Ideas defining the ujamaa village undertaking

B. Formation of Ujamaa Villages 1. Establishment of villages 2. Initiation of communal activities

C. Character of Ujamaa Villages 1. Case studies 2. Role of the government/party 3. Agricultural activities 4. Non-agricultural activities 5. Villagers and village leaders

D. Evaluation of the Ujamaa Village Approach to Rural Development 1. Review of the effort 2. Assessment of success

E. General Sources: Journals, Newspapers 8 Bibliographies 1. Journals 2. Newspapers 3. Bibliographies

111. INDEXES

A. Subject Index

B. Author Index

1 , INTRODUCTION

A. The Sub jec t

Tanzania ' s e f f o r t t o b u i l d ujamaa v i l l a g e s has a t t r a c t e d t h e a t t e n t i o n of l e a d e r s and scho la r s from throughout t h e world. I t has been the keystone of t h e coun t ry ' s s t r u g g l e f o r both r u r a l development and s o c i a l i s t t r ans fo rma t ion . As a r e s u l t , it has been t h e focus of many empi r i ca l s t u d i e s and much t h e o r e t i c a l debate . Never the less , t h e con- t r i b u t i o n of t h e s e works t o t h e b u i l d i n ' j of both s p e c i f i c and gene ra l knowledge o f t e n has been l i m i t e d by a l ack of awareness of t h e r e- sea rch of o the r s . This b ib l iography seeks t o provide a r e l a t i v e l y comprehensive guide t o t h e l i t e r a t u r e on ujamaa v i l l a g e s .

1. Ujamaa v i l l a g e s

The expres s ion "ujamaa v i l l a g e " has assumed a wide v a r i e t y of meanings s i n c e it was f i r s t used by P r e s i d e n t J u l i u s Nyerere i n 1967 t o r e f e r t o s e t t l e m e n t s where people would " l i v e and work toge the r f o r t h e good of a l l . " I n i t i a l l y , it was app l i ed t o v i r t u a l l y every newly- formed v i l l a g e , r e g a r d l e s s of i t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . I n some a r e a s o f f i - c i a l s ca t egor i zed t h e s e ujamaa v i l l a g e s according t o t h e degree of progress they saw toward what they conceived t o be t h e i d e a l form. Because pe rcep t ions v a r i e d among o f f i c i a l s , a " s t a g e one" v i l l a g e i n one p a r t of t h e country d i f f e r e d from a " s t age one" v i l l a g e i n another p a r t of t h e country. Never the less , almost a l l t h e new v i l l a g e s were cons idered ujamaa v i l l a g e s . By t h e e a r l y 1970s, though, o f f i c i a l s began t o abandon t h i s p r a c t i c e . Some v i l l a g e s were so d i f f e r e n t from t h e o r i g i n a l i d e a t h a t they were c a l l e d "development v i l l a g e s " o r "permanent v i l l a g e s " i n s t e a d of ujamaa v i l l a g e s . The p r a c t i c e was n o t u n i v e r s a l , f o r many o f f i c i a l s argued t h a t i t discouraged evo lu t ion i n t o t h e vaguely de f ined i d e a l form. F i n a l l y , i n 1975, t h e c e n t r a l government ac t ed t o end t h e confus ion by ob ta in ing passage of t h e V i l l a g e s and Ujamaa V i l l a g e s Act. I t e s t a b l i s h e d formal procedures f o r t h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of s e t t l e m e n t s a s e i t h e r v i l l a g e s o r ujamaa v i l l a - g e s . A l l s e t t l e m e n t s had f i r s t t o be r e g i s t e r e d a s t he former be fo re they could be cons idered f o r t h e l a t t e r s t a t u s . The immediate e f f e c t was t h e d e j u r e a b o l i t i o n of ujamaa v i l l a g e s , f o r i t was s e v e r a l years be fo re any obta ined r e g i s t r a t i o n . Yet, d e s p i t e t h e f a c t t h a t s e t t l e - ments were no longer des igna ted ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n law, i n common p r a c t i c e t h e express ion cont inued t o be used widely .

In o rde r t o avoid problems caused by changes i n concep tua l i za t ion and

t o make t h i s b ib l iography a s i n c l u s i v e a s p o s s i b l e , a broad d e f i n i t i o n

of "ujamaa village" has been employed. It is used to re£ er to all those settlements in Tanzania whose formation or reorganization is a consequence of either the ideas outlined in President Nyerere's policy paper Ujamaa Vijijini or the subsequent modifications of those ideas in the process of their realization. Yost of the new rural settlements in Tanzania at least until the late 1970s fall within such a conceptualization.

2. Their significance

In february 1967 the Arusha Declaration was adopted by the National

Executive Committee of the sole political party in mainland Tanzania, the ~anganyika'African National Union (TANU). It called for a socie-

ty based on principles President Nyerere labeled "ujamaa," usually translated "socialist" but more meaningfully translated "family." In September Nyerere published a subsidiary document titled Ujamaa Vijijini, meaning "Ujamaa in the Villages." He argued that to make the country socialist, the rural areas where 95 % of the population lived had to become socialist. That meant that peasants ought to live and work together for the good of all in settlements he called ujamaa villages. It was estimated at the time that 85 % of the rural popu- latlon of about 11 million people lived in scattered homesteads, so the task of creating villages that would develop along socialist lines was an immense one. At first peasants were merely encouraged to live in villages, but compulsion soon began to be applied. Following the President's declaration late in 1973 that everyone would have to live in villages by December 1976, massive operations were organi- zed throughout the country. By 1977 about 90 % of the rural population was living in villages. These were to be the foundation for all future rural development in Tanzania. No rural development undertaking whether directed toward socialist or non-socialist goals has directly affectzd the lives of as many Africans as the ujamaa village undertaking in Tanzania. And, no development effort has attracted as many leaders and delegations from all parts of the world seeking to examine what might be a model applicable to their own countries which would facilitate rapid rural development and/or socialist transformation.

3. Their literature

There is an extensive literature, both descriptive and theoretical, on the formation and nature of ujamaa villages. It has been written by people of a variety of nationalities with a variety of ideological viewpoints employing a variety of analytical skills. Tanzanians

have produced or helped produce a substantial proportion of the studies. One reason is the decision of the party in 1967 to involve students more directly in socialist development. As a result, many university students have conducted field research as part of their course work or have assisted faculty members in on-going research. Most of the primary research by non-Tanzanians has been undertaken by those employed at the University of Dar es Salaam or in government ministries.

Many of the studies of ujamaa villages contain "ideological" or "theoretical" components. That is, they seek to suggest how what they see fits-within the general process of socialist transformation. Several of them make suggestions of what should be done to overcome particular problems.

The quality of the studies varies considerably. Whether or not a particular work has been published is much less correlated with its substantive contribution in the case of this body of literature than in the case of that on many other subjects. For example, important works prepared by students such as Henry Mapolu's M.A. thesis, remain unpublished. Significant Ph.D. dissertations, such as those by Justin Maeda and Frances Hill, have not been published yet. And, only re- cently did any of Michaela von Freyhold's works appear in print, though insightful studies of hers have existed in mimeographed form for many years.

Most of the literature on ujamaa villages is in English. A high proportion of relevant government publications, though, are in Swahili. There are some secondary studies in French, a few in German and still fewer in other languages. The spectrum of interpretations of the ujamaa village effort does not appear to be very closely correlated with the language used in the study. One can find in English, for example, virtually the entire range of perspectives.

B. The Bibliography

Partly because much of the literature on ujamaa villages is in mimeographed form, standard bibliographies fail to include a substantial proportion of the studies which have been written. A lack of information about what research already has been done adversely affects the quest to build knowledge. For example, there are several case studies of ujamaa villages which make no reference to previous work which has been done in the village under consideration. The findings

of a study in one village have seldom been used as hypotheses in studies of other villages, probably because of a lack of awareness of them. As a consequence, the contribution that research might make to understanding the specific case of ujamaa villages and the general case of the transition to socialism is limited. There is, then, a clear need for a bibliography on the subject.

1. Character of existing bibliographies

There are several bibliographies that appeared during the 1970s which contain references to works on ujamaa villages. Citations can be found scattered through the standard Africana bibliographies. And, others can be found in bibliographies dealing specifically with Tanzania (see items nos. 478 to 486). Tanzania Notes and Records has a section each year titled "Tanzania Bibliography" which lists under subject headings materials on Tanzania. Although there is no subject heading "ujamaa villages," some relevant items appear under such topics as "Agriculture ,(' "Sociology" and "Political Science." M. Sumar and E. McGee's bibliography, National Policies of Tanzania, contains a section headed "Ujamaa Villages" (pp. 19-24) which consists of citations of a few journal articles and several newspaper reports and news re- leases on ujamaa villages. The Deutsches Institut fir Afrika-Forschung bibliographies compiled by Ties Moller in 1972 and by Ties Moller and Anne Jansen in 1974 do not have an index heading for ujamaa villages, but do have one for "ujamaa" with 30-40 items listed under each, several of which are relevant to ujamaa villages. Volkhard Hundsdorfer and Wolfgang Kuper's bibliography published in 1974 contains a sub- section on ujamaa villages containing 44 items (pp. 141-144 and 146). A bibliography of studies that are not widely available is that compiled bv Ibrahim Kai-Samba, et al., Development for Self-Reliance, published by the Faculty of Agriculture Library. It contains a subject index which lists many items on ujamaa villages. Some of these items are duplicated by James De Vries' Selected Bibliography on Agri- cultural Extension in Tanzania published in 1978 by the Department of Rural Economy at the Faculty of Agriculture. It is simply a listing of materials without a subject index to ujamaa villages. Finally,

James Kocher and Beverly Fleisher compiled A Bibliography on Rural Development in Tanzania and published it in 1979. Although it contains no subject index, it lists about 75 relevant items under the subject heading "Ujamaa, Villagization and Planned Settlement." None of these bibliographies contains more than a small proportion of the works dealing with ujamaa villages.

2. Character of this bibliography

This bibliography contains most of the works relevant to ujamaa villages produced'up to 1980. It is based on materials collected in Tan- zania by the compiler during several years of research on the subject, studies identified by colleagues, works cited in bibliographies and collections held by major libraries in the United States and Tanzania. Most of the materials have been examined by the compiler, though a few have been included if they were cited repeatedly in other sources. Some of the works may be obtained only in Tanzania, though most of them are available in at least some major libraries abroad. It is likely that more and more of the items contained in this bibliography will become available outside Tanzania as library collections grow.

The dominant theme of each work has been used to classify it into one of four major and then one of several minor categories, as shown in the table of contents. The four major subdivisions group materials that deal with the evolution of the strategy, the formation of villages, the character of the villages and evaluations of the undertaking. Some of the more comprehensive works contain information about all the major and the minor categories. Nevertheless, they have been classified into only one on the basis of the compiler's subjective assessment of the major theme. In order to help the user find materials that are relevant to, yet excluded from, these categories, a subject index is included. The subject index does not include topics only briefly mentioned in a given work. For example, village organization may be dealt with briefly in a case study but not included in the subject index. The subject index does contain a listing of most villages studied and, wherever possible, the districts in which they are found. Because some district names and boundaries have changed over the years, the district at the time of the most recent study is given. District and regional subject headings are also used to direct the user to materials on villages within those areas. The combination of categorization by dominant theme and a subject index should facilitate the user's identification of relevant materials. Finally, an author index is included to aid in the location of works known to the user only by the author's name.

I I REFERENCES

There are a few variations from normal forms of citation in the following list of references. Mimeographed material is not distinguished explicitly from printed material, because the distinction is of limited significance to the user. The country of publication is not identified for those cities whose locations are widely known or are found in Tanzania for the sake of simplicity. The cities in which the main campuses of the University of Dar es Salaam and the University of Nairobi are located are not given to avoid redundancy. The Facul- ty of Agriculture of the University of Dar es Salaam, though, is located at i4orogoro.

Following main citations, other sources of the items are listed. In

the case of the frequently republished writings of President Nyerere, only the volume of his collected works in which the article appears is given following the main citation. For the few items which have not been examined by the compiler/author, the source of the citation is listed in a comment following the reference. Other relevant information about citations is included where appropriate in similar comments.

A. Evolution of the Ujamaa Village Strategy for Rural Development

Works whose major theme concerns the evolution of the ujamaa village strategy are divided into two parts: the first includes those related to the experiences of, or conditions in, rural Tanzania that shaped the ujamaa village approach; the second includes those related to the philosophy behind, or proqram of, that approach. The list of references pertaining to the former is relatively selective; that pertaining to the latter is relatively exhaustive.

1. Experiences and conditions in rural Tanzania

1. BRAIN, JAi4ES. "Is transformation possible? Styles of settlement in post-independence Tanzania. " Af rican 3.f fairs 76, no. 330 (1977): 231-245.

2. CHIMOTO, N. N. 0. "Ruvuma Development Association (R.D.A. ) . " Student paper, Department of Sociology, University of Dar es Salaam, 1974. 81 p. In Field Research in Tanga ujamaa villages, DeparLiment of Sociology, University of Dar es Salaam, 1975.

3. CLIFFE, LIONEL. "Traditional ujamaa and modern producer cooperatives in Tanzania." In cooperatives and rural development in East Africa, edited by Car1 Gi5sta Widstrand, pp. 38-60. ?Jew York: Africans, 1970.

CLIFFE, LIONEL and GRIFFITHS CUNNINGHAM. " I d e o l o g y , o r g a n i z a- t i o n and s e t t l e m e n t e x p e r i e n c e i n T a n z a n i a . " I n S o c i a l i s m i n T a n z a n i a , Vol. 2 , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e and John S a u l , pp. 131-140. Dar e s Salaam: EAPH, 1973.

CUNNINGHAM, GRIFFITHS. "The Ruvuma Development A s s o c i a t i o n , an i n d e p e n d e n t c r i t i q u e . " I4bioni 3 , no . 2 (1966) : 44-55.

DUMONT, RENE. Tanzanian a g r i c u l t u r e a f t e r t h e Arusha D e c l a r a t i o n : a r e p o r t . Dar e s Salaam: Government P r i n t e r f o r M i n i s t r y of Economic A f f a i r s and Development P l a n n i n g , 1969. 62 p . Pre- p a r e d i n 1967.

ELLVAN, ANTONY. " K i t e t e : a l a n d s e t t l e m e n t scheme i n n o r t h e r n T a n z a n i a . " Land r e f o r m , no. 1 ( 1 9 6 7 ) : 12-21.

GEORGULAS, NIKOS. " S e t t l e m e n t p a t t e r n s and r u r a l development i n Tangan$ika." ( O c c a s i o n a l paper no. 2 9 ) . Program of E a s t e r n A f r i c a n S t u d i e s , S y r a c u s e U n i v e r s i t y , New York, May 1967. 40 p. A b s t r a c t e d i n E k i s t i c s 24, no. 41 ( 1 9 6 7 ) : 180-192.

GUNZA, J. K . F. "Rwamkoma p i l o t v i l l a g e s e t t l e m e n t scheme: a c a s e s t u d y . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 24 p .

IBBOTT, RALPH. "The Ruvuma Development A s s o c i a t i o n . " Mbioni 3 , no . 2 ( 1 9 6 6 ) : 3-43.

KATES, R. W . , J . NcKAY and L . BERRY. "Twelve new s e t t l e m e n t s i n Tanzania : a c o m p a r a t i v e s t u d y of s u c c e s s . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of E a s t A f r i c a s o c i a l s c i e n c e s c o u n c i l c o n f e r e n c e , Eim,pala, 30 December 1968 - 5 J a n u a r y 1969. I n U n i v e r s i t y of ~ a s t A f r i c a s o c i a l s c i e n c e s c o u n c i i c o n f e r e n c e 1968/69, Geography p a p e r s p u b l i s h e d by Y a k e r e r e I n s t i t u t e of S o c i a l Research , pp. 63-100.

KAWAWA, R. M . "New approaches t o r u r a l deve lopment , " Nbionl 2 , no. 11, ( 1 9 6 6 ) : 4-15.

KONTER, J . H . "Economic i m p e r a t i v e s f o r a s o c i a l i s t develoument i n ' t h e r u r a l economy o f Nyakyusa ( T a n z a n i a ) . " c u l t u r e s

L

e t developpement 1 0 , no. 3 ( 1 9 7 8 ) : 409-427.

LANDBEXG, LEIF C . W. "U jamaa v s . Udugu and Umo j a , i n s t i t u t i o n a l o p p o s i t i o n and i d e o l o g i c a l congruence w i t h i n a Tanzanian f i s h i n g c o o p e r a t i v e . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a n n u a l mee t ing o f t h e A f r i c a n S t u d i e s A s s o c i a t i o n , S y r a c u s e , New York, November 1973, 19 p .

McKAY, J O H N . "A r e v i e i ; of r u r a l s e t t l e m e n t s t u d i e s f o r T a n z a n i a . " E a s t A f r i c a n g e o g r a p h i c a l r e v i e w , no. 6 ( 1 9 6 8 ) : 37-49.

MWANSASU, BISMARK U . "TYL s e t t l e m e n t schemes, t h e whys and where- f o r e s o f s u c c e s s . " Kivukoni C o l l e g e , 1966.

NELLIS, J . R. " P r e l u d e t o Arusha: a s t u d y of p r o d u c t i v i t y problems on a r u r a l development scheme i n T a n z a n i a . " J o u r n a l of a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o v e r s e a s 11, no. 3 (1972) : 169-181.

NEWIGER, NIKOLAUS. " C o o p e r a t i v e v i l l a g e s e t t l e m e n t s i n Tanzania . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e r e g i o n a l seminar on c o o p e r a t i v e f a r - ming, FAO, New D e l h i , I n d i a , May 1966. 13 p.

19 . NEWIGER, NIKOLAUS. " V i l l a g e s e t t l e m e n t schemes: t h e problems of c o o p e r a t i v e f a r m i n g . " I n S m a l l h o l d e r fa rming and smal l- h o l d e r development i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by Hans Ruthenberg, pp. 251-273. Munich: I n f o - I n s t i t u t f u r W i r t s c h a f t s f o r s c h u n g , 1968.

20. NG'ASI, A. P. " K i j i j i cha ujamaa cha Li towa." [The ujamaa v i l l a - g e of Li towa]. Ujamaa, no. 4 ( 1 9 6 8 ) : 19-28.

21. PITBLADO, J . ROGER. "A r e v i e w o f a g r i c u l t u r a l l a n d u s e and l a n d t e n u r e i n Tanzania . " (BRALUP r e s e a r c h n o t e s no . 7 ) . Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1970. 41 p .

22. SAUL, J O H N S. "Market ing c o o p e r a t i v e s i n Tanzania : a c a s e s t u d y i n r e s o u r c e a l l o c a t i o n and i n e q u a l i t y . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , N a i r o b i , December 1969. 16 p . Revised and p u b l i s h e d a s "Mar- k e t i n g c o o p e r a t i v e s i n a d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r y : t h e Tanzanian c a s e " i n Taamuli 1, no. 2 ( 1 9 7 1 ) : 30-50; i n P e t e r Worsley, e d . , Two b l a d e s of q r a s s : r u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n d e v e l o p i n s o c i e t i e s (Manchester : Manchester U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1971): pp. 347-370.

23. TANZANIA, RURAL SETTLEMENT COiVIMISSION, A r e p o r t on t h e v i l l a g e s e t t l e m e n t programme from t h e i n c e p t i o n of t h e r u r a l s e t t l e - ment commission t o 3 1 aecember, 1965. Dar e s Salaam: Govern- ment P r i n t e r , 1966. 49 p.

24. TEMU, PETER E. "Tanzanian exwer ience w i t h r u r a l s e t t l e m e n t schemes o v e r t h e p a s t two d e c a d e s . 'I South A f r i c a n j o u r n a l of A f r i c a n a f f a i r s 3 , no. 2 (1973) : 33-36.

2 . I d e a s d e f i n i n g t h e ujamaa v i l l a g e u n d e r t a k i n g

25. BULEGI, S. A. " S h e r i a ya v i j i j i ya 1975 na s h e r i a ya madaraka m i j i n i y a 1976." h he v i l l a g e s law of 1975 and t h e urban deve lopment law of 19761. Ujamaa, no. 52 ( 1 9 7 7 ) : 28-40.

26. KIMITI, P. K. S i a s a a Tanu k a t i k a k i l i m o : twendeni v i ' i ' i n i . [ p o l i c i e s of Tan: i n a g r i c u l t u r e : l e t ' s go t o the lv : l l ages l . Dar e s Salaam: Wizara ya Ki l imo, Chakula na U s h i r i k a , n .d. 41 p .

27. AAPUNDA, G . "Ujamaa n i s i l a h a kubwa ya kupigana na umaskin i , u j i n g a na magonjwa." [ s o c i a l i s m i s a n i m p o r t a n t weapon i n t h e b a t t l e w i t h p o v e r t y , i g n o r a n c e and d i s e a s e ] . Ujamaa, no. 4 (1968) : 14-18.

28. MSAMBICHAKA, L. A. "A t h e o r e t i c a l a n a l y s i s of t h e fundamenta l s of a g r i c u l t u r a l development i n a n o n - c a p i t a l i s t deve lop ing Tanzania i n t h e s t a t e s e c t o r and a g r i c u l t u r a l p roducer co- o p e r a t i v e s . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a n n u a l E a s t A f r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , Dar e s Salaam, De- cember 1973. 41 p.

29. MSEKWA, PIUS. "Towards p a r t y supremacy: t h e changing p a t t e r n of r e l a t i o n s h i p s between t h e N a t i o n a l Assembly and t h e N a t i o n a l E x e c u t i v e Committee o f TANU b e f o r e and a f t e r 1965 ." M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974.

30. MUSHI, SAiiUEL S. "Modern iza t ion by t r a d i t i o n a l i z a t i o n : ujamaa p r i n c i p l e s r e v i s i t e d . " Taamuli 1, no. 2 (1971) : 13-39.

31. NYERERE, JULIUS K. "The Arusha D e c l a r a t i o n . " I n Ujamaa, e s s a y s on s o c i a l i s m by J u l i u s N y e r e r e , pp. 13-37. Dar e s Salaam: Oxford U n i v e r s i t v P r e s s . 1968. R e p r i n t e d i n J u l i u s Nverere , Freedom and s o c i ~ l i s m (Dar e s sa laam: Oxford u n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 6 8 ) , pp. 231-250.

32. NYERERE, JULIUS K . "Hotuba ya r a i s wa chama kwenye mkutano mkuu wa TANU wa 1 6 . " [Speech of t h e p r e s i d e n t of t h e p a r t y a t t h e 1 6 t h b i e n n i a l coAf e r e n c e of TAN^] . I n Maendeleo n i k a z i , e d i t e d by I d a r a y a H a b a r i , Makao Makuu y a TAW, pp. 1-27. Dar e s Salaam: TANU, 1973.

33. NYERERE, JULIUS K. " P r e s i d e n t i a l c i r c u l a r no. 1 of 1969 ." I n R u r a l . c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , a l . , pp. 27-34. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975. -

34. NYERERE, JULIUS K . P r e s i d e n t ' s r e p o r t t o t h e TANU c o n f e r e n c e , S e p t . 1973. Dar e s Salaam: Government P r i n t e r , 1973. 22 p. R e p r i n t e d a s " P r o g r e s s comes w i t h p r o d u c t i o n " , The A f r i c a n rev iew 3 , no. 4 (1973) : 519-539.

5. NYERERE, JULIUS K . " P r o g r e s s i n r u r a l a r e a s . " I n Ujamaa, e s s a y s on s o c i a l i s m by J u l i u s Nyerere , pp. 178-186. Dar e s Salaam: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1968. R e p r i n t e d i n a l m o s t i d e n t i c a l form a s "Implementing r u r a l s o c i a l i s m " i n J u l i u s Nyerere , Freedom and development (Dar e s Salaam: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 7 3 ) , pp. 5-11.

36. NYERERE, JULIUS K. S o c i a l i s m and r u r a l development . Dar e s Salaam: Government P r i n t e r , 1967. 3 1 p. R e p r i n t e d i n J u l i u s N y e r e r e , F~~~ . . (Dar e s Salaam: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 6 8 ) , pp. 337-366. S w a h i l i v e r s i o n o f t h i s p a p e r was p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e t i t l e Ujamaa v i j i j i n i . (See i t e m no. 3 8 ) .

37. NYERERE, JULIUS K. "Ujamaa: t h e b a s i s of A f r i c a n S o c i a l i s m . " I n Freedom and U n i t y by J u l i u s N y e r e r e , pp. 162-171. London: Oxford U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1967. Originally p r e p a r e d i n 1962.

38. NYERERE, JULIUS K . U jamaa v i j i j i n i . [ s o c i a l i s m i n t h e v i l l a g e s ] . Dar e s Salaam: Government P r i n t e r , 1967. 33 p. E n q l i s h v e r - s i o n of t h i s p a p e r was p u b l i s h e d under t h e t i t l e S o c i a l i s m and r u r a l development . (Cee i t e m no. 36)

39. "Saba Saba Day: Mwalimu s p e a k s t o A f r i c a n deve lopment . " A f r i c a n development 8 , no. 7 ( 1 9 7 4 ) : T7-T8.

40. TANZANIA. IDARA YA MAENDELEO YA UJAMAA NA USHIRIKA. OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU NA i4AKAMU WA PILI WA RAIS. = i a ya k u a n d i k i s h a v i j i j i na v i j i j i vya ujamaa. h he law f o r r e g i s t e r i n g v i l l a - q e s and uiamaa v i l l a q e s l . Dodoma: O f i s i va Wazi r i Mkuu na ~ a k a m u w a - ~ i l i wa ~ a i s , ' 1 9 7 5 . 52 p. c o n t a i n s t h e l aw, Kawawa's e x p l a n a t i o n of t h e l aw, forms and s u b s i d i a r y l e g i s - l a t i o n .

41. TANZANIA. LAWS, STATUTES, ETC. "The V i l l a g e s and Ujamaa V i l l a g e s ( R e g i s t r a t i o n , D e s i g n a t i o n and A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) Act (No. 21 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . " I n A c t s of T a n z a n i a , 1975 , pp. 305-312, The Re- g u l a t l o n s , O r d e r , N o t i c e and D i r e c t i o n s i s s u e d under t h i s a c t a p p e a r i n supplement No. 38 ( S u b s i d i a r y L e g i s l a t i o n t o

t h e G a z e t t e o f t h e U n i t e d Republ ic of T a n z a n i a , Vol . 56, No. 35, 22 Augus t , 1975, pp. 183- 206) . Both t h e E n g l i s h and S w a h i l i v e r s i o n s were r e - p u b l i s h e d i n T a n z a n i a , I d a r a ya Maendeleo ya Ujamaa na U s h i r i k a , O f i s i ya W a z i r i Mkuu na Makan~u wa P i l i wa R a i s , S h e r i a ya k u a n d i k i s h a v i j i j i na v i j i j i vya ujamaa, pp. 23-34 and 34-48, r e s p e c t i v e l y . ( S e e i t e m no. 40.)

B. Format ion of Ujamaa V i l l a g e s

The o r i g i n a l c o n c e p t i o n o f a n ujamaa v i l l a g e a s a p l a c e where p e o p l e l i v e d and worked t o g e t h e r f o r t h e good of a l l r e q u i r e d two s t e p s : t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a v i l l a g e and t h e i n i t i a t i o n o f communal a c t i v i t i e s . An ujamaa v i l l a g e r e q u i r e d t h e c o n j u n c t i o n of t h e s e two a c t i v i t i e s .

1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t o f v i l l a g e s

42. BAKULA, B. B. "The e f f e c t of t r a d i t i o n a l i s m on r u r a l development: t h e c a s e of Ornurunazi ujamaa v i l l a g e , Bukoba." S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1969. 40 p. Revised and p u b l i s h e d i n J . H . P r o c t e r , e d . , B u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania (Dar e s Salaam: Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1 9 7 1 ) , pp. 15-32.

43. BANDUKA, N. M . "The a s p e c t s of e s t a b l i s h i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n P a r e d i s t r i c t , Tanzania ." S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 45 p.

44. BOESEN, J A N N I K . "Development and c l a s s s t r u c t u r e i n a smal l- h o l d e r s o c i e t y and t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r ujamaa." (Research p a p e r A . 72.16 ) . Copenhagen: I n s t i t u t e f o r Development Re- s e a r c h , 1972. 100 p .

4 5 . BOESEN, JANNIK. "Tanzania : from ujamaa t o v i l l a g i s a t i o n . " (Re- s e a r c h p a p e r A . 7 6 . 7 ) . Copenhagen: I n s t i t u t e f o r Development R e s e a r c h , 1976. 25 p. R e p r i n t e d i n Bismarck Mwansasu and Cranf o r d P r a t t , eds; , ~ o h a r d s s o c i a l i s m i n Tanzania (Toronto : U n i v e r s i t y of Toronto P r e s s , 1 9 7 9 ) , pp. 125-144.

46. BOESLN, J A N N I K ; BIRGIT STORGAKD MADSEN and TONY XOODY. Ujamaa: s o c i a l i s m from above. Uppsa la : S c a n d i n a v i a n I n s t i t u t e of A f r i c a n S t u d i e s , 1977. 186 p.

47. CUNNINGHAM, GRIFFITHS. "The ujamaa v i l l a g e movement i n T a n z a n i a . " R u r a l A f r i c a n a , no. 13 (1971) : 28-35.

48. CUNNINGHNq, GRIFFITHS. "The U jamaa v i l l a g e p l a n s of Tanzania . " I n I n t e r m e d i a t e t e c h n o l o g y and i n t e g r a t e d e x t e n s i o n , con- f e r e n c e r e p o r t , C h r i s t i a n R u r a l F e l l o w s h i p o f E a s t A f r i c a , Moshi, September 1969, pp. 14-18.

49. DABANA, A. P. " P o s s i b i l i t i e s of s o c i a l i s m i n a G e i t a t r a d i n g s e t t l e m e n t . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1970. 42 p.

50. HAULLE, D . M . and WACHIYE-MUNYASIA. " B u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m i n Lushoto: t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of Malibwi ujamaa v i l l a g e . " 25 p . I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975. W r i t t e n i n 1974 .

51. HIRST, M. "Recent v i l l a g i z a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a . " Geography 63 , p a r t 2 , no. 279 (1978) : 122-125.

52. IBBOTT, RALPH. "The d i s b a n d i n g o f t h e Ruvuma Development Associa- t i o n i n Tanzania ." A mimeographed l e t t e r , War on Want, Lon- don , November 1969. 5 p .

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54. KAVURA,DICKY. "Problems a n a p r o s p e c t s of e s t a b l i s h i n g ulamaa v i l l a g e s i n Kibondo d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Depar t- ment o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1970. 9 p .

55. K A Z I , CONSTANTINE MASHENENHE. "Implementing ujamaa v i l l a g e p o l i - c y i n Morogoro d i s t r i c t : a s t u d y of t h e problems of s o c i a- l i s t c o n s t r u c t i o n a t Mkata ujamaa v i l l a g e . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 116 p .

56. KAZIMOTO, A . A. " P r o s p e c t s f o r b u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " Mbioni 5 , no. 3 ( 1 9 6 8 ) : 3-12. R e p r i n t e d i n L i o n e l C l i f f e and John S a u l , e d s . , S o c i a l i s m i n T a n z a n i a , Vol. 2 (Dar e s Salaam: EAPH, 1 9 7 3 ) , pp. 186-188.

57. KISULA, P. A. " P r o s p e c t s of b u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Mwanza d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1973. 3 1 p.

58. LUTTERELL, WILLIA?? L. " V i l l a g i s a t i o n , c o o p e r a t i v e p r o d u c t i o n and r u r a l c a d r e s : s t r a t e g i e s and t a c t i c s i n Tanzanian s o c i a l i s t r u r a l development . " (ERB paper 71.11. ) U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 8 1 p .

59. LYIMO, FRANCIS FANUEL. "Problems and p r o s p e c t s of ujamaa development i n Moshi d i s t r i c t . " M a s t e r ' S t h e s i s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e , 1975.

60. MAGATTI, J . 0 . " O p e r a t i o n V i j i j i : t h e e f f e c t o f t h e d e l i v e r y of s o c i a l s e r v i c e s : Tarime d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of R u r a l Economy, F a c u l t y of A g r i c u l t u r e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1976. 97 p.

61. MATANGO, R. R. "Format ion of uiarnaa v i l l a c r e s amono t h e semi- p a s t o r a l i s t s o f North Mara:" 18 p . l n d F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. W r i t t e n i n 1974.

62. MBOYA, G . R. " F e a s i b i l i t y of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n K i l i m a n j a r o . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s salaam; 1970. 13 p . S l i g h t l y r e v i s e d and p u b l i s h e d i n J . H . P r o c t e r , e d . , B u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania (Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1 9 7 1 ) , pp. 64-69.

63. McHENRY, DEAN E . , JR. " P o l i c y implementa t ion i n r u r a l A f r i c a : t h e c a s e o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n T a n z a n i a . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a n n u a l mee t ing o f t h e A f r i c a n S t u d i e s A s s o c i a t i o n , S y r a c u s e , November 1973. 22 p.

64. McHENRY, DEAN E . , JR. T a n z a n i a ' s ujamaa v i l l a g e s : t h e implemen- t a t i o n o f a r u r a l development s t r a t e g y . ~ e r k e 1 e y : I n s t i t u t e o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l S t u d i e s , U n i v e r s i t y of C a l y f o r n i a , 1979.

65. MCHUMO, ALI S. " S h e r i a na mahakama kama mojawapo y a vyombo muhimu vya k u t e k e l e z a s i a s a ya ujamaa." [The law and t h e c o u r t s a s one of t h e i m p o r t a n t t o o l s i n t h e implementa t ion of t h e p o l i c y of ujamaa] . Ujamaa, no. 50 ( 1 9 7 6 ) : 1-32.

66. MESAKI, SIMEON. " O p e r a t i o n Pwani, Xisarawe d i s t r i c t : implementa- t i o n prob lems ." M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1975.

67. MISSANA, S. M. "Problems of implementing ujamaa i n Bunda a r e a : a c a s e s t u d y o f Igundu ujamaa v i l l a g e . " 15 p. I n F i e l d r e- s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1975.

68. MUSHI, S. A. SANGALE. "The yroblems of s t a r t i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n K i l i m a n j a r o d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t p a p e r p r e p a r e d f o r t h e I n s t i t u t e of A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar es Salaam, 1972? 7 p.

69. MUSOKE, I. K . S. "The e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Bukoba: Rugazi ( N y e r e r e ) v i l l a g e , a c a s e s t u d y . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e , Dar e s Salaam, 1970. 45 p. Revised and p u b l i s h e d a s " B u i l d i n g s o c i a l i s m i n Bukoba: t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of Rugazi (Nyerere ) U jamaa v i l l a g e " i n J . H . P r o c t e r , ed. , B u i l d i n g U jamaa v i l l a g e s i n T a n z a n i a , (Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1 9 7 1 ) , pp. 1- 14; and i n I n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f p o l i t i c s 4 , no. 4 (Winter 1974/75) : 102-118.

70. MWAPACHU, JUMA VOLTER. " O p e r a t i o n p lanned v i l l a q e s i n r u r a l Tan- z a n i a : a r e v o l u t i o n a r ; s t r a t e g ; f o r deve lopment . " Mbioni 7 , no. 11 ( 1 9 7 5 ) : 5-39. R e p r i n t e d i n The A f r i c a n r e v i e w 6 , no. 1 (1976) : 1-16.

71. NDUNGURU, K. K . " P o s s i b i l i t y f o r t h e growth of ujamaa v i l l a g e s a long Lake Nyasa: a c a s e s t u d y o f Ngumbo s u b d i v i s i o n , Mbinga d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 47 p.

72. PIPPING, KNUT. " C o o p e r a t i o n . " I n Landholding i n t h e Usangu P l a i n : A s u r v e y of two v i l l a g e s i n t h e s o u t h e r n h i g h l a n d s of Tan- z a n i a by Knut P i p p i n g , pp. 72-90. (Research r e p o r t no. 3 3 ) . Uppsa la : The S c a n d i n a v i a n I n s t i t u t e of A f r i c a n S t u d i e s , 1976.

73. POMJEE, C . K . J. "The s o c i a l and economic f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t and v i a b i l i t y of a n ujamaa v i l l a g e i n Morogoro d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t paper p r e p a r e d f o r t h e Department o f R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam. Morogoro, 1973. T y p e s c r i p t . 36 p . C i t e d i n Ib rah im B. Kai-Samba, e t a l . , Development f o r s e l f - R e l i a n c e . ( I t e m no. 480 ) .

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76. RALD, JORGEN. "Ujamaa, problems of implementa t ion ( e x p e r i e n c e s from West L a k e ) . " (BRALUP r e s e a r c h r e p o r t no. 10. ), U n i v e r s i - t y o f Dar e s Salaam, May 1970. 37 p.

77. RUGEMARILA, R. H . "The economic impac t o f O p e r a t i o n Kigoma: Case s t u d y , Kibondo d i s t r i c t , t h e Waha." S t u d e n t p a p e r , Depart- m e n t -o f R u r a l Development, I n s t i t u t e of Development Manage- ment , Mzumbe, 1976. 96 p .

78. SAIBUL, S. A. OLE. " S o c i a l change among t h e p a s t o r a l Maasai i n Tanzania i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e ujamaa v i j i j i n i p o l i c y of TANU s i n c e t h e Arusha D e c l a r a t i o n o f 1967." M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , De- p a r t m e n t of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 99 p.

79. SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT. " S o c i a l i s t l a n d re form i n T a n z a n i a . " The A f r i c a n communist, no. 45 ( 1 9 7 1 ) : 71-84.

80. "Tanzania : c o l l e c t i v i s i n g t h e v i l l a g e r s . " A f r i c a c o n f i d e n t i a l 1 5 , no. 1 (4 J a n u a r y 1 9 7 4 ) : 6-8.

81. WKOVIC, BMNISLAU. " Involvement of t h e n a t i o n i n b u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " Mbioni 5 , no. 9 (1970) : 5-11.

82 . WAGAO, JUMANNE I I . "Opera t ion Kigoms: Kibondo d i s t r i c t , phase two - p r o g r e s s . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of Economics, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, December 1975. 19 p.

83. WILLIAMS, D A V I D . "Law and s o c i a l i s t r u r a l deve lopment . " E a s t e r n A f r i c a law r e v i e w 6 , no. 3 ( 1 9 7 3 ) : 193-213. P r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , Dar e s Salaam, December 1973. 34 p .

2 . I n i t i a t i o n of communal a c t i v i t i e s

84 . BUGENGO, JAMES and J-. P. B. MUTANGIRA. "The Nyarubanja system and bot'n deve lopmenta l and ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n West Lake r e q i o n , T a n z a n i a . " P a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t a n ERB s e m i n a r , Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, November 1975. 23 p.

85. BUGENGO, JAMES, J. P. B. MUTANGIRA and J. B. K . RWELENGERA. "The Nyarubanja system and ujamaa v i l l a g e s development i n West Lake r e g i o n . " (ERB p a p e r 7 6 . 1 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1976. 72 p. An e s p a n s i o n and r e v i s i o n of James Bugengo and J .P .B. Mutangi ra , "The Nyarubanja sys tem and b o t h deve lop- m e n t a l and ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n West Lake r e g i o n , T a n z a n i a " ( I t em no. 8 4 ) .

86. BUNDAKILA, J. T. "The r o l e of c o o p e r a t i v e s i n r u r a l development: a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 70-75. 18orogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

CHALE, HARRY F. "Emergent l a r g e f a r m e r s and t h e problems of im- p l e m e n t a t i o n o f ujamaa v i j i j i n i p o l i c y i n Usangu (Mbeya d i s t r i c t ) ." S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam,, 1973. 45 p .

COOPERATIVE U N I O N OF TANGANYIKA. S h u g h u l i z a vyama vya u s h i r i k a k a t i k a v i j i j i vya ujamaa. [The work of c o o p e r a t i v e s o c i e t i e s i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s ! , Dar e s Salaam: IJnion of Tanganyika,

b1UUNGANO WA VYxL"lA VYA USHIRIKA TANGANYIKA. IDARA YA ELIIIU NA UTANGAZAJI. U s h i r i k a wetu . l o u r c o o p e r a t i v e s ] . Dar e s Sa- laam: C o o p e r a t i v e Union o f Tanganyika P r e s s , 1977. 92 p .

FELDMAN, D A V I D . " I smani and t h e r i s e of c a p i t a l i s m : Ideo logy and p r a c t i c e and Tanzanian r u r a l development ." Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e seminar on changes i n Tanzanian r u r a l s o c i e t y and t h e i r r e l e v a n c e f o r development p l a n n i n g , A f r i k a - S t u d i e - cen t rum, Le iden , N e t h e r l a n d s , December 1970. 38 p .

FELDMAN, DAVID. "Problems i n a c h i e v i n g r u r a l s o c i a l i s m i n Tan- z a n i a . " (Mimeo- series 1 4 ) . I n s t i t u t e of Development S t u d i e s , U n i v e r s i t y of S u s s e x , B r i g h t o n , J u l y 1968. 35 p . Republished a s "Les problems d e l a r e a l i s a t i o n du s o c i a l i s m e r u r a l en T a n z a n i a" , E tude C o n g o l a i s e s 11, no. 4 ( 1 9 6 8 ) : 105-135.

FELDMAN, DAVID and RAYAH , FELDMAN. "Coopera t ion and t h e produc- t i o n envi ronment : some e x p l o r a t i o n s among s o c i a l and economic f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g a g r i c u l t u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n . " (ERA paper 69.12) . U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e , Dar e s Salaam, 1969. 20 p. Pub- l i s h e d i n Kwan S . Kim, Rober t B. Mabele and Michae l J. S c h u l t h e i s , e d s . , P a p e r s on t h e p o l i t i c a l economy of Tanza- n i a ( N a i r o b i : IIeineman, 1 9 7 9 ) , pp. 14-23.

FELDMAN, RAYAH. "Custom and c a p i t a l i s m : changes i n t h e b a s i s of l a n d t e n u r e i n I smani , T a n z a n i a . " (ERB paper 7 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 45 p . P u b l i s h e d i n t h e J o u r n a l of development s t u d i e s 1 0 , no. 3 ( 1 9 7 4 ) : 305-320.

FELDMAN, RAYAH. " R u r a l s o c i a l d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n and ~ o l i t i c a l g o a l s i n T a n z a n i a . " I n Beyond t h e s o c i o l o g y o f ~ d e v e l o p n e n t : economy and s o c i e t y i n L a t i n America and A f r i c a , e d i t e d by Tvar Oxaal ; Tony B a r n e t t and David Booth, pp. 154-182. London: Rout ledge and Kegan P a u l , 1975.

FREYHOLD , MICHAELA VON. "Rura l d e v e l o p e n t th rough u jamaa v i j i ji- n i (some c o n s i d e r a t i o n s based on e x p e r i e n c e s i n T a n g a ) . " Department of Economics, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam. 1972. 36 p. Based on r e s e a r c h conduc ted i n t h e f i r s t h a l f of 1971 i n c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h K . R . Ki ravu , G . K r e u t e r , E.N. Makere, and D . C . Xbez i .

FUMBUKA, S. and H . MAPOLU. "U jamaa v i l l a g e s and c o o p e r a t i v e s . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973.

HYCZN, GORAN, ed. C o o p e r a t i v e s i n Tanzania : problems of o r g a n i- s a t i o n b u i l d i n g . Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1976. 93 p . The L i b r a r y of Congress e n t r y f o r t h i s volume i s C o o p e r a t i v e s i n Tanza- n i a : problems of o r g a n i s a t i o n bu i ld ing /A.Z. Mutaha, e t . Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1976. I t n e g l e c t s t o i d e n t i f y Gi5ran Hy- d6n a s t h e e d i t o r .

98. KIKWETE, JAKAYA M . "Bulu lu- vis- a- vis ujamaa v i l l a g e : a compara- t i v e s t u d v of t h e t r a d i t i o n a l v i l l a a e svs tem of t h e Wakwere > L

w i t h t h e ujamaa v i l l a g e . " I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanqa ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Sa- laam, 1975. 22 p . P r e p a r e d i n 1974.

99. K I N Y O N D O , S. R. "The b u i l d i n g of s o c i a l i s m i n Tanzania : Katoma t r a d i t i o n a l v i l l a g e , a c a s e s t u d y of problems and p o s s i b i - l i t i e s o f t r a n s f o r m i n g a t r a d i t i o n a l v i l l a g e i n t o an ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971. 140 p .

100. MAHECHA, M. A. C . "Forms o f c o o p e r a t i o n a s a p o t e n t i a l b a s e f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f ujamaa l i v i n g : Hongi v i l l a g e e x p e r i e n c e . " 17 p . I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

101. IWUYA, MAX. " 'Bega kwa b e g a ' , n a f a s i yake k a t i k a wa ujamaa." lock f a r m s ' , i t s p o t e n t i a l i n t h e b u i l d n i g of ujamaa].

Ujamaa, no. 5 1 ( 1 9 7 7 ) : 23-43.

102. MODERNE, FRANK. " E v o l u t i o n e t p e r s p e c t i v e s d e l a c o o p e r a t i o n a g r i c o l e e n T a n z a n i e . " LEvolut ion and p e r s p e c t i v e s o f a g r i - c u l t u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n ~ a n z a n i a ] . Revue F r a n ~ a i s e d ' e t u d e s p o l i t i q u e s A f r i c a i n e s , no. 59 ( 1 9 7 0 ) : 65-90.

113. MOHAN, RAKESH. "On t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r s u c c e s s f u l c o o p e r a t i o n i n U jamaa v i l l a g e s i n . Tanzania . " Development S t u d i e s , U n i v e r s i- t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1970? 26 p .

104. MWAKISYOABE, J . S. E. " U t e k e l e z a j i Wa Operesheni Maduka." [The implementa t ion of O p e r a t i o n Maduka!. Ujamaa, no. 49 (1976) : 1-24.

105. N I N D I , B . C . "The a r t i c u l a t i o n of I smani s o c i a l economic s t r u c - t u r e and i t s i m p l i c a t i o n f o r ujamaa v i j i j i n i p o l i c y . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1975.

106. NTIRUKIGWA, ESPERIUS N . "The impac t o f t r a d i t i o n a l l a n d t e n u r e sys tem on ujamaa v i l l a g e s : a c a s e s t u d y of Kalebezo Buchosa i n G e i t a . " S t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, March, 1970. 34 p. P u b l i s h e d i n a s l i g h t l y r e v i s e d form a s "The l a n d t e n u r e sys tem and t h e b u i l d i n g of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n G e i t a : a c a s e s t u d y of Ra lebezo" i n J . H . P r o c t e r , e d . , B u i l d i n g ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania . (Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1 9 7 1 ) , pp . 33-47

107. PLESKAC, J I R I . " D i v i s i o n of l a b o u r and d i s t r i b u t i o n of o u t p u t . " Mbioni 6 , no. 1 ( 1 9 7 0 ) : 12-24.

108 . RUGUMISA, S. M . " l4utual a i d g r o u p s and t h e i r p o t e n t i a l f o r a g r i - c u l t u r a l development i n Bukoba d i s t r i c t w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e - r e n c e t o Bukabuye v i l l a g e . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , Dar e s Sa- laam, December 1973. 20 p .

109. SAUL, J O H N S. "From m a r k e t i n g c o o p e r a t i v e t o p roducer coopera-. t i v e . " I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 287-307. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

110. SAWE, L. M . M . "Linkage of government and l o c a l p e o p l e i n p o s t e - r i n g c o l l e c t i v e p r o d u c t i o n i n c e n t r a l H a i . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 93 p .

111. TANU. tlwelekeo wa maendeleo ya k i jamaa mkoani K i l i m a n j a r o . [The e f f o r t t o d e v e l o p s o c i a l i s m i n K i l i m a n j a r o r e g i o n ] . Dar e s Salaam: bIakao I.lakuu y a Chama y a Mkoa wa K i l i m a n j a r o , March 1974. 6 9 p .

112. TANU. "Ujamaa i n Sukumaland - an e s s a y i n c o o p e r a t i v e deve lopment ." I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 428-454. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

113. THODEN VAN VELZEN, H . U. E. "Some s o c i a l o b s t a c l e s t o ujamaa: a c a s e s t u d y from Rungwe." I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n ~ a n z a n i a , e d i t e d . b y L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 346-359. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975. W r i t t e n i n 1970.

114. THODEN VAN VELZEN, H . U . E. " S t a f f , k u l a k s and p e a s a n t s . " I n S o c i a l i s m i n T a n z a n i a , Vol . 2 , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e and John S a u l , pp. 153-179. Dar e s Salaam: EAPH, 1973.

115 . "Tobacco p r o d u c t i o n i n Tabora d i s t r i c t : c a s e s t u d y of Tutuo scheme." 21 p . I n A c o l l e c t i o n of e s s a y s on ujamaa v i l l a g e s , by E.O. Kayombo, e t a l . , Four s t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n s , Depart- ment o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971.

C. C h a r a c t e r of U jamaa . V i l l a g e s

The l i t e r a t u r e d e s c r i b i n g what ujamaa v i l l a g e s a r e and how t h e y work i s e x t e n s i v e . Although n o t e a s i l y c a t e g o r i z e d , i t c a n be grouped under f i v e h e a d i n g s : c a s e s t u d i e s , t h e r o l e of t h e government /par ty i n t h e v i l l a g e s , a g r i c u l t u r e i n t h e v i l l a g e s , n o n - a g r i c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e v i l l a g e s and v i l l a g e r s and t h e i r l e a d e r s . I n c l u d e d i n t h i s l i s t i n g a r e government p u b l i c a t i o n s meant f o r u s e i n , a s w e l l a s g e n e r a l s t u d i e s o f , U jamaa v i l l a g e s .

1. Case s t u d i e s

116 . BAMUGAYA, P . A. and G . KINDAMBA. "A s t u d y t o u r r e p o r t on Tumba- k o s e ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of Adul t Edu- c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaain, 1972? 4 p.

117. "A b r i e f summary a b o u t t h e s t u d y of Mseta ujamaa v i l l a g e , " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1972. 3 p .

118 . BUGENGO, JANES. "Ujamaa i n Mara Region. " A paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n u n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , December 1973, Dar ec Salaam. 18 p.

119. BULIGA and A . J . KIMOLA. "Ujamaa t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n r u r a l Tan- z a n i a : a c a s e s t u d y of Kabuku Ndani ujamaa v i l l a g e , Tanga." S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of D a r e s Salaam, 1974. 20 9. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Departme115 of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

120. DE VRIES, JAMES and LOUISE FORTMANN. "A s t u d y of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n I r i n g a r e g i o n . " Paper p r e p a r e d f o r t h e UNDP/FAO Planning Team f o r t h e I r i n g a T h i r d F i v e Year P l a n , 1974. 103 p .

121. FREYHOLD, MICHAELA VON. "The p o t e n t i a l f o r ujamaa i n Handeni ." U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam. 1972. Based on r e s e a r c h con- d u c t e d i n t h e f i r s t h a l f of 1971 i n c o l l a b o r a t i o n w i t h R.R. Ki ravu , G . K r e u t e r , E.N. hlakere and D . C . Mbezi.

122. FRXYHOLD, MICHAELA VON. "The problem of r u r a l development and t h e p o l i t i c s of ujamaa v i j i j i n i i n Handeni ." The A f r i c a n rev iew 6 , no. 2 (1976) : 129-142.

123. FREYHOLD, ?.fIChAELA VON. Ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania : a n a l y s i s o f a s o c i a l exper iment . New York: Monthly Review P r e s s , 1979. 201 p.

124. GAMA, M. 0'. "Sesenga ujamaa v i l l a g e (Morogoro r e g i o n ) : t h e h a r- v e s t s i t u a t i o n i n t h e y e a r 1970 ." 10 p. I n ~ j a m a a v i l l a g e s : a c o l l e c t i o n of o r i g i n a l m a n u s c r i p t s , 1969-70, T a n z a n i a , M i n i s t r y of Community Development. A t y p e w r i t t e n m a n u s c r i p t c o l l e c t e d by Eugene d e Benko, Michigan S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , March 1971, i n Dar e s Salaam.

125. GITHINJI and M H I N D I . "Kwamsisi ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 38 p. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

126. GOLLETH, N. J . and A. J . LYATUU. "A s t u d y o f Nareu ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J a n u a r y 1973. 7 p.

127 . HANSEL, H . and S. A . SHAYO. "Repor t on a s t u d y t o u r t o Ulanga and K i l o s a d i s t r i c t s w i t h emphasis on Ujamaa." Morogoro, 1972. C i t e d i n James De V r i e s and H . H a n s e l , "Ujamaa v i l l a g e s a s a s t r a t e g y f o r r u r a l development i n T a n z a n i a . " ( I t e m no. 3 4 9 ) .

128. HILL, FRANCES REISENAUER. " M o b i l i z a t i o n and p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n Tan- z a n i a . " Ph.D. d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , Harvard U n i v e r s i t y , August 1973. 503 p .

129. HYDEN, GdRAN. "The s t r u g g l e f o r s u c c e s s i n r u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n : t h e c a s e of Kabuku Ndani ujamaa c o o p e r a t i v e s o c i e t y . " Univer- s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 33 p.

130. INDERBITZIN, IRIS and ANDRE JAQUEYENT. "Ngamu ujamaa v i l l a g e r e - v i s t e d . " Mbioni 8 , no. 2 ( 1 9 7 3 ) : 27-34.

131 . KABIGI, K . ; I . BINAMU; N . F. CHENGULA; N . M. URIO; J . J . SHENGENA and A. ALI. "Repor t on Mbambara ujamaa v i l l a g e . " Mbioni 5 , no . 7 (1969) : 10- 26.

132. KAHAMA, KABAKAMA. " R u r a l development s t r a t e g y of m o d e r n i z a t i o n : a c a s e s t u d y of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n T a n z a n i a . " Ph.D. d i s s e r - t a t i o n , Claremont Gradua te S c h o o l , 1973. 149 p .

133. KAJULA, W. and M . K I K U D O . "Repor t on Ndoroboni ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e o f Adul t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam. 1971? 2 p.

134, KANDEGE and L . J. N . HUSSEIN. " I g o n g o l a ujamaa v i l l a g e , Njombe d i s t r i c t , I r i n g a r e g i o n . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1972? C i t e d i n R. D. ~ a l d u s , Zur O p e r a t i o n a l e n E f f i z i e n z d e r Ujamaa Koopera t ive T a n s a n i a s ( I t e m no. 3 3 3 ) .

135. KAUNDE, B. A. "Kitama v i l l a g e , Mtwara." 21 p. I n Ujamaa v i l l a g e s : a c o l l e c t i o n of o r i g i n a l m a n u s c r i p t s , 1969-70, T a n z a n i a , M i n i s t r y o f Community Development. A t v p e w r i t t e n m a n u s c r i p t c o l l e c t e d by Eugene d e ~ e n k o ; MichiganA S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,

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136. KEHENGU, ELIAH M. and ISSAH B. L. LWESYA. "A s t u d y of I s a n s a - I turnpi ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of Adul t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J a n u a r y 1973. 9 p.

137. KIBONA, H. A. and A. K A N I K I . "Kicheba ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t paper ; Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1974. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

138. KIMANI and MSIGWA. "Nkama U jamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Depart- ment of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 15 p . I n Fieldresearch Depar taen t of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

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140. KUSILAWE, S. S. "A Survey of some ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Songea d i s - t r i c t . " ( F i e l d r e p o r t no. 4 ) . R u r a l Development Research Committee, U n i v e r s i t y C o l l e g e , Dar e s Salaam, 1968. C i t e d i n R . D . Ba ldus , Zur O p e r a t i o n a l e n E f f i z i e n z d e r Ujamaa Koopera- t i v e T a n s a n i a s ( I t e m no. 3 3 3 ) .

141. LATIGO, S. "Goals and g o a l ach ievement i n a n o r g a n i z a t i o n : a case , Wangama ujamaa v i l l a g e , and r e l a t e d prob lems ." S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973.

142. LEWIN, ROGER. " M a t e t e r e k a . " H b i o n i 5 , no. 3 (1969) : 13-34. Re- p r i n t e d L i o n e l C l i f f e and John S a u l , e d s . , i n S o c i a l i s m i n T a n z a n i a , Vol . 2 , (Dar e s Salaam: EAPH, 19731, pp. 189-194.

143. LEWIN, ROGER. "Ujamaa development i n Sukumuland: a c a t t l e - c o t t o n ujamaa v i l l a g e . " Kivukoni C o l l e g e , Dar e s Salaam, 1968.

144 . LEWIN, ROGER. "Ujamaa v i l l a g e l i v i n g a t Mbambara. " Mbioni 4 , no. 8 . ( 1 9 6 8 ) : 2-7.

145. "Li towa v i l l a g e of u jamaa ." A f r i c a n developmeil t , J a n u a r y 1969, pp. 8-10.

146. LUGANGA, J. and E . RASHIDI. "A S tudy of Namikunda ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J a n u a r y 1973. 5 p .

147. MXMIMBO, W . S . ; B. KIPANGA and N . MNONDWA. "A Study of Mtuunani ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973? 9 p.

148 . MAHINYA, T. "The c a s e s t u d y of c o o p e r a t i o n : Mtanana ujamaa v i l l a - g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e o f Adul t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1972? 3 R .

149. MAINA, B. W. and A. S. BANGO. "Bas is of Tanzania ' s r u r a l t r a n s- format ion: some o r g a n i z a t i o n a l problems, a c a s e s tudy of Msaje ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S tuden t paper , Department of Socio- logy , Un ive r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 19 p. I n F i e l d r e- sea rch i n Tanga U jamaa v i l l a g e s . Department of Sociology, Un ive r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

150. MAKERE, E. N . "Ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n p r a c t i c e . " Taamu!.i 2 , no. 2 (1972) : 17-26.

151. MAPOLU, HENRY. "The s o c i a l and economic o r g a n i s a t i o n of ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department of Socio logy, Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, September 1973. 113 p.

152. MASHEULA, AVIA. "Mkongo ujamaa v i l l a g e . " 2 1 p. I n U jamaa v i l l a - ges : a c o l l e c t i o n of o r i g i n a l manusc r ip t s , 1969-70, Tanzania, Min i s t ry of Community Development. A mimeographed manuscr ip t c o l l e c t e d by Eugene d e Benko, Michigan S t a t e Un ive r s i t y , March, 1971, i n Dar e s Salaam.

153. MATALISI, F. I . and A. CHIPATA. "Sociology of o rgan iza t ion : r e- sea rch p r o j e c t i n Tanga r eg ion . " S tuden t paper , Department of Socio logy, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973? 12 p. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of Socio- logy, Un ive r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

154. MAUIYA. ROMIYEL Z . "Uiamaa v i l l a a e s r e s e a r c h r e ~ o r t : Tabora d i s t - r i c t . " 16 p. I n Ujamaa v i l l a g e s : a c o l l e c t i o n of o r i g i n a l manusc r ip t s , 1969-70, Tanzania, Min i s t ry of Community Deve- lopment. A t y p e w r i t t e n manuscr ip t c o l l e c t e d by Eugene de Benko, Michigan S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , March, 1971, i n Dar e s Salaam.

155. MBOYA, B. J . and A. MIHAYO. "Report from a two and h a l f week p r t i c i p a t i o n obse rva t ion of Mng'aro ujamaa v i l l a g e i n Lus- hot0 d i s t r i c t - Tanga Region." S tuden t paper , Department of Sociology, Un ive r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 2 2 p. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of Sociology, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

156. MEENA, V . R.; W. K . MOSHI; MCHOMW; and J. S. M . KATHAMBI. "A s tudy of Mtaku j a ujamaa v i l l a g e . " Studen t paper , I n s t i t u t e of Adult Educat ion , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, January 1973. 7 p.

157. MHILU, S.G.; B . MAJILI and LUCAS. "A s tudy of Chamwino ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S tuden t paper , I n s t i t u t e of Adult Educat ion , Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973? 8 p.

158. MLAWA, H . and M. MSHANA. "Kwemwewe ujamaa v i l l a g e i n Tanga d i s t - r i c t , Tanga r eg ion . " S tudent paper , Department of Socioloqy, u n i v e r s i t y of ~ a r e s Salaam, i 974 . 29 p. I n F i e l d r e sea rch - i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of Sociology, Univer- s i t y of D a r e s Salaam, 1975.

159. PIMBAGA,FRANK ELIEZER. " V i l l a g i z a t i o n and d e c e n t r a l i s a t i o n : I t obo ward, Nzega d i s t r i c t . " S tudent d i s s e r t a t i o n , Department of P o l i t i c a l Sc ience , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1977. 68 p.

160 . MOODY, TONY. "A comparative s tudy of s i x ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Karagwe d i s t r i c t , West Lake r e g i o n . " (Paper A.72.13). Copen- hagen: I n s t i t u t e f o r Development Research, 1972. 18 p.

161. MPUNGWE, A. R. A. "Ujamaa p r o d u c e r c o o p e r a t i v e v i l l a g e s and so- c i a l i s t development: t h e e x p e r i e n c e of Morogoro r e g i o n . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department o f P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 7 1 p.

162. MSUYA, E. A. and J. P. MOBERG. "Repor t on l a n d u s e problems r e - l a t e d t o t h e development of Butiama ujamaa v i l l a g e . " Depar t- ment o f R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, Morogoro, 1975. 40 p. C i t e d i n Ib rah im B. Kai-Samba, e t a l . , Develop- ment f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( I t e m no. 480)

163. MTAKI, S. ; D. MACHEMBA and S. KASORI. "A S tudy of M a l i l i Ujamaa V i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e o f Adul t E d u c a t i o n , Uni- v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, J a n u a r y 1973, 10 p.

164. MTEI, S.and B. C. N I N D I . "Ujamaa, T a n z a n i a ' s c r u c i a l exper iment : Changalikwa ujamaa v i l l a g e , a c a s e s t u d y . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 39 p. I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

165. MTEMBA, CLAUDIA. "U jamaa v i l l a g e s i n P a r e . " 33 p. I n U jamaa v i l l a g e s : a c o l l e c t i o n o f o r i g i n a l m a n u s c r i p t s , 1969-70, T a n z a n i a , M i n i s t r y o f Community Development. A mimeographed m a n u s c r i p t c o l l e c t e d by ~ u g e n e - d e ~ e n k o , Michigan s t a t e - u n i - v e r s i t y , March 1971 , i n Dar e s Salaam. F i v e m a n u s c r i p t s l is- t e d i n t h e t a b l e of c o n t e n t s a r e r e a l l y p a r t s of t h e above work, i . e . , "Gavao-Saweni," "Kigonigoni s o c i a l i s t v i l l a g e , " " K i l e o s o c i a l i s t v i l l a g e , " "Kimungu-Makanga proposed s o c i a - l i s t v i l l a g e , " and "Manka-Mbaga o r d i n a r y v i l l a g e ( a n d ) o v e r- a l l ujamaa problems i n P a r e d i s t r i c t . "

166. MUGOYA, MUNASSA. "U jamaa i n p r a c t i c e : Mwalimu v i s i t s Makundusi. " A f r i c a n development 6 , no. 12 ( 1 9 7 2 ) : T.21.

167. MUSTAFA, KEMAL. "The development o f ujamaa i n Musoma: a c a s e s t u d y of Butiama ujamaa v i l l a g e . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

168. MWAMBI, JAKA M. "Problems of c r e a t i n q ujamaa v i l l a q e s i n Mqata." S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of ~ o c ~ o l o g ~ , u n i v e r s i t y o f ~ a r e s Salaam, 1974. 11 p. 111 F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a - ges, Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

169. NDOMBA, C . J. "Development th rough ujamaa: Kihanga v i l l a g e ex- p e r i e n c e . " S t u d e n t o a a e r . Deoartment of S o c i o l o a v . Univer-

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170. NDONDE, E. C. "L i towa." I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 360-369. D a r e s Salaam: TPH, 1975. Most, t h o u s h n o t a l l , of t h e i n t e r v i e w p u b l i s h e d i n t h i s a r t i c l e appeared i n "The g r a d u a t e ~ e a s a n t , " New i n t e r - n a t i o n a l i s t (May 1 9 7 3 ) , pp. 19-21.

171. NGOYANI, J. D . "Lupembe ujamaa v i l l a g e a s a n o r g a n i z a t i o n . " S tu- d e n t p a p e r , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1973. 22 p. C i t e d i n Sheldon Weeks, " B u i l d i n g Ujamaa" ( I t em no. 4 0 6 ) .

172. NKHOiIA, A. G. and N. P. DABANA. "Segera ujamaa v i l l a g e , Handeni d i s t r i c t , Tanga r e g i o n . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department o f Socio- l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 33 p. I n F i e l d r e - s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s . Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

173. NTAWATAWA, P. P . ; J. MWANASALI and J. MUTALEMWA. "A s t u d y of Mtanana ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , I n s t i t u t e of Adul t E d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1972. 4 p.

174. ODEDE, S. 0 . "Some n o t e s on Tanzania r u r a l development s t r a t e g y : a c a s e o f v i j i j i vya ujamaa o f Tanga r e g i o n . " ~ n s t r a t e g i e s f o r improving r u r a l w e l f a r e , p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop h e l d a t t h e I n s t i t u t e f o r Development S t u d i e s , U n i v e r s i t y of Nai- r o b i , 3 1 May - 3 J u n e 1971, e d i t e d by M.E. Kampe and L.D. Smi th , pp. 299-309. ( O c c a s i o n a l Paper no. 4 ) . I n s t i t u t e f o r Development S t u d i e s , U n i v e r s i t y of N a i r o b i , 1971.

175. PHILIPPSON, G. " S o c i o l o g i c a l r e p o r t on some ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Njombe d i s t r i c t . " Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, November 1972. 20 p.

176. PHILLIPPS, STEPHANIE H. " P e r s p e c t i v e s on ujamaa and r u r a l development i n Tanzania . " B.A. honors t h e s i s , Department o f Eco- nomics, Harvard U n i v e r s i t y , March 1973. 86 p.

177. " P o s t s c r i p t t o Mbambara 1972 ." I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n Tanzania , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 392-395. Dar e s Salaam: TPh, 1975.

178. "The P r o s p e c t s f o r ujamaa t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i n Bagamoyo d i s t r i c t . " 23 p . I n A c o l l e c t i o n o f e s s a y s on ujamaa v i l l a g e s , by E . O . Kayombo, e t a l . Four s t u d e n t d i s s e r t a t i o n s , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1971.

179. RALD, JORGEN. "U jamaa v i l l a g e s i n West Lake r e g i o n . " J o u r n a l of t h e G e o g r a p h i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n of T a n z a n i a , no. 6 (1970) : 65-81.

180. RIYAMI, ABDULLA. "Litowa v i l l a g e of U jamaa. " A f r i c a n development , J a n u a r y 1969 , pp. 8-10.

181. RUGIMBANA, R. 0. B. and G . G . MPONGULIANA. "On t h e p r a c t i c a l problems i n t h e development o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s : U b i r i ( c a s e s t u d y ) . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 18 p . I n F i e l d r e s e a r c h i n Tanga ujamaa v i l l a g e s , Department o f S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

182. WAWERU, E. M . " I t i g a ujamaa v i l l a g e : p r o p o s a l s f o r o r g a n i z a t i o - n a l changes n e c e s s a r y t o i n c r e a s e e f f i c i e n c y and e f f e c t i v e - n e s s and minimize f o r c e s b l o c k i n g t h e ach ievement of t h e v i l l a g e ' s g o a l s . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , Department of S o c i o l o g y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1973.

183. WENNER, KATE. Shamba l e t u . [ O u r farm]. Boston: Houghton M i f f l i n , 1970. 256 p.

184. WISNER, BEN; MAHINDO KASSAMI and ADONIA NUWAGABA. "Mbambara: t h e long road t o u jamaa ." I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i- t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 370-391. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975. Based on r e s e a r c h done p r i o r t o , o r i n , 1971.

2, Role of t h e government /par ty

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186 . COULSON, ANDREW. "The e v o l u t i o n of r u r a l p o l i c i e s i n Tanzania o r c a n a government b u r e a u c r a c y b r i n g a b o u t development?" P a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t a n ERB s e m i n a r , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Sa- laam, 21 J a n u a r y 1975. 19 p. P u b l i s h e d i n M a j i M a j i , no. 20 ( 1 9 7 5 ) : 1-16 and p o r t i o n s of i t were p u b l i s h e d a s " P e a s a n t s and b u r e a u c r a t s . " Review of A f r i c a n p o l i t i c a l economy, no. 3 (1975) : 53-58.

187. DE VRIES, JAMES. " A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n and t h e development o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania : problems of i n s t i t u t i o n a l change." Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f e r e n c e on a d u l t e d u c a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1976. 24 p. P u b l i s h e d a s " A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n and development: ujamaa v i l l a g e s and t h e problems of i n s t i t u t i o n a l chanqe ," Community deve lopment j o u r n a l 1 3 , no . 1 (1978) : 11-19.

188 . DE VRIES, JNJIES. " A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n and t h e development of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania : toward a d i a l o g i c a l a g r i c u l t u - r a l e x t e n s i o n model ." Ph.D. d i s s e r t a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y of W i s - consin-Madison, 1978. 263 p.

189. DE VRlbS, JAI4ES. "Extens ion methods i n t h e ujamaa s e t t i n g : a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n q s o f a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 184-192. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

190. ERVES, S. " F i n a l r e p o r t : e v a l u a t i o n of e x t e n s i o n s e r v i c e i n s i x v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e n a t i o n a l maize p r o j e c t . " Dar e s Salaam: USAID/Tanzania, 1976. C i t e d i n James De V r i e s , S e l e c t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y on a g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n Tanzania ( I t e m no. 4 7 8 ) .

191. FREYHOLD, K. VON. "The r o l e of a g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n U jamaa v i l l a g e deve lopment ." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp . 84-93. Morogoro: Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

192 . FREYHOLD, MICHAELA VON. "The government s t a f f and ujamaa v i l l a - g e s (The Tanga e x p e r i e n c e ) . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n U n i v e r s i t i e s s o c i a l s c i e n c e c o n f e r e n c e , Dar e s Sa- laam, December 1973. 1 7 p . P r e p a r e d J a n u a r y 1972.

193. FREYHOLD, MICHAELA VON. "Problems of e x t e n s i o n e v a l u a t i o n . " I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n u]-?aa v i l l a g e development : p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , a l . , pp. 242-262. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, - 1975.

194 . HANSEL, H. "New emphas i s on e x t e n s i o n e v a l u a t i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a - g e s : a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n q s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 271-278. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

195. HANSEL, H . ; J . DE VRIES and P. C . NDEDYA, e d s . A g r i c u l t u r a l ex- t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop. Morogoro: Department of R u r a l Economy and E x t e n s i o n , F a c u l t y of A g r i c u l t u r e and F o r e s t r y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 292 p . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e p a p e r s and t h e comments on t h o s e p a p e r s , e a c h of t h e s i x s e c t i o n s con- t a i n s a summary of d i s c u s s i o n s . A g e n e r a l summary of r e - commendations i s i n c l u d e d a t t h e b e g i n n i n g of t h e volume.

HARRIS BELL. "Survey o f a g r i c u l t u r a l t r a i n i n g i n s t i t u t e s : impl i- c a t i o n s f o r p roduc ing ujamaa v i j i j i n i e x t e n s i o n w o r k e r s . " ( R u r a l Development Research Committee paper No. 2 ) . R u r a l Development Research Committee, U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1968. C i t e d i n James De V r i e s , S e l e c t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y on ag- r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n Tanzania ( I t e m no. 4 7 8 ) .

"Historia ya k u t o a zawadi kwa v i j i j i v i l i v y o s h i n d a . " [ ~ i s t o r y of t h e awarding of p r i z e s f o r t h e winning v i l l a g e s ] . Ujamaa, no. 26 (1972) : 7-17.

" H i s t o r i a na maendeleo y a v i j i j i vilivyoshinda mwaka 1972. " [His- t o r y and development of t h e winning v i l l a g e s i n 1972:. Ujamaa, no. 26 (1972) : 18-39.

HULLS, R. H . "The scope of e x t e n s i o n programme e v a l u a t i o n : a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a q e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 279-287. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

"Impact and p e n e t r a t i o n o f community development a c t i v i t i e s i n r u r a l Dodoma d i s t r i c t . " 33 p. I n A c o l l e c t i o n of e s s a y s on ujamaa v i l l a g e s by E. 0 . Kayombo, e t a l . Four s t u d e n t d i s s e r - t a t i o n s , Department of P o l i t i c a l S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1971.

KAJIAGE, F. K . "One v i l l a g e , one bwana shamba: i t s i m p l i c a t i o n s . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a n n u a l a g r i c u l t u r a l t r a i n i n g confe- r e n c e , Mbeya, J u l y 1976. C i t e d i n James De V r i e s , S e l e c t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y on a g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n Tanzania ( I t e m no . 4 7 8 ) .

KAWAIA, RUSHIDI. Kuandikishwa kwa v i ' i ' i , vi ' i ' i v a u ' amaa na uon c z i w a k e . m a t i o n of v i l : a g e s , ' u ~ a m a ~ vi : lages and t h e q r o r g a n i z a t i o n : . [ ~ a r e s Salaam]: 19757 16 p. S l i g h t l y r e v i s e d , and p u b l i s h e d a s Madaraka v i j i j i n i : t a a r i f a ya wa- z i r i mkuu na makamu wa p i l i wa r a i s , juu ya s h e r i a ya v i j i j i , v i j i j i v y a ujamaa na uongoz i wake (Dodoma: O f i s i y a Wazi r i i+lkuu na Makamu wa P i l i wa R a i s , 19751, 19 p; and r e p r i n t e d i n T a n z a n i a . I d a r a v a Maendeleo va Uiamaa na 6 s h i r i k a . - 0 f i s i va .. - W a z i r i ~ k u u na ~akarnu wa P i l i wa R a i s , S h e r i a ya kuandik i sGa v i j i j i na v i j i j i vya ujamaa (Dodoma: O f i s i y a W a z i r i Mkuu na Makamu wa P i l i wa R a i s , 1 9 7 5 ) , pp . 3-21.

KHARUMO, C . G . " E x t e n s i o n s t a f f t o s e r v e t h e c h a n s i n s needs of 2 2

v i l i a g e s . " I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 217-220. t4orogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam. 1975.

KREUTZER, H. " U n i f i e d a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g : a comment . " I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e deve lopment: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Her- mann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 140-141. Norogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

MABELE , R . B. " E x t e n s i o n oroaramme d e v e l o m e n t and a a r i c u l t u r a l A -

p r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g . " I n ~ g r i c u l t u r a l ~ e x t e n s i o n i n U jamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of . a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp . 107-132. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

Mapendekezo juu ya k u i m a r i s h a vyama vya u s h i r i k a Tanzania ( B e r a ) na n~uundo mpya wa vyama pamoja na chama k ikuu cha t a i f a (C . U .T . ) . [ P r e f e r e n c e s concern ing t h e s t r e n g t h e n i n g o f coopera- t i v e s o c i e t i e s on t h e Tanzania (main land) and t h e new union of s o c i e t i e s and t h e c o o p e r a t i v e u n i o n of Tanganyika. [Dar e s Salaam: CUT, 19771. 14 p.

MBAKILE, E. P. R. " E v a l u a t i o n t o s t r e n a t h e n t h e e x t e n s i o n svs tem: a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s %proceedings of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 263-270. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

MFIKWA, J. L. "The r o l e of e s s e n t i a l a g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s i n t h e economic development o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n I smani d i v i s i o n , I r i n g a d i s t r i c t . " Paper p r e p a r e d f o r t h e Department of R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, Morogoro, 1975. Type- s c r i p t . 53 p . C i t e d i n Ib rah im B . Kai-Samba, e t a l . , Deve- lopment f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e (Item no. 4 8 0 ) .

IYONGI, L. M . "New t r e n d s i n t r a i n i n a e x t e n s i o n c a d r e s : a comment." -~ - - - -

T A A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n u j & a a v i l l a g e development: p ro- c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 211-216. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s S alaam, 1975.

MORIS, J O N R. "The imwrovement of e x t e n s i o n ~ e r f o n a n c e : s t a f f and f a r m e r t r a i n i n g : a comment. " I n ~ g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e d e v e l p e n t : p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 221-238. Morogoro: Uni- v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

HOSHA, A . C . and K . J . RWIZA. " T r a i n i n g e x t e n s i o n s t a f f and ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s o f a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 196-210. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

NDEDYA, PHILIP C . " A q r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n uiamaa v i l l a s e : a comment. " I n ~ g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n u j & a a v i l l a g e F d e v e - l o p n e n t : p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Her- mann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 98-102. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

NDONDE, E. C . " E d u c a t i o n a l F4ethods f o r S e l f - R e l i a n t Development. " I n = i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: pa- p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s o f a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann H a n s e l , e t a l . , pp. 164-180. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

NEIGUS, D . L. " E x t e n s i o n and v i l l a g e o r g a n i z a t i o n : a comment. " I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: pa- p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp. 94-97. Yorogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

215. NGEZE, P. B. N . 14. "On s t a f f c o n s t r a i n t s i n p l a n n i n s : a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: pa- p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t a l . , pp . 133-139. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

216. NGEZE, P. B. N . M . " V i j i j i vya U jamaa na muundo mpya wa xryama vya u s h i r i k a . " [Ujamaa v i l l a g e s and t h e new form of coopera- t i v e s o c i e t i e s ] . I n U r i k a Tanzania by P.B.N.M. Ngeze, pp. 113-123. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

217. NSEREKO. J. "Methods o f e x t e n s i o n Prosramme d e v e l o m e n t : a com- L 2

ment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e development: p a p e r s and p r o c e e d i n g s of a workshoe, e d i t e d by Her- mann Hanse l , &&., pp. 151-160. Moroqoro: U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

218. OKEYO, JAMES A. " D i s c u s s i o n paper on v i l l a g e Management T r a i n i n g Programme: a c r a s h programme f o r ujamaa and c o o p e r a t i v e development p e r s o n n e l i n t h e Prime M i n i s t e r ' s o f f i c e . " I n g- c e e d i n g s o f t h e second annua l m e e t i n q of t h e N a t i o n a l Coun- c i l f o r A g r i c u l t u r a l Educa t ion h e l d a t t h e Uyole A q r i c u l t u - r a l C e n t e r , Mbeya, J u l y 1976, pp. 17-21. Mbeya: Uyole Agri- c u l t u r a l C e n t e r , 1976?

219. OLIECH, Y . K . C. "Comprehensive, i n t e g r a t e d v i l l a g e p l a n n i n g and t h e r o l e of a d u l t e d u c a t i o n : a comment." I n A g r i c u l t u r a l ex- t e n s i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e d e v e l o p n e n t : p a p e r s and procee- d i n g s o f a workshop, e d i t e d by Hermann Hanse l , e t . a l . , pp. 142-150. Morogoro: U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975.

220. RWIZA, K . J . "An a q r i c u l t u r a l t e c h n i c i a n f o r each v i l l a s e . " I n ~ r o c e e d i n g s o f - t h e second a n n u a l mee t ing of t h e N a t i o n a l Counc i l f o r A g r i c u l t u r a l E d u c a t i o n h e l d a t t h e Uyole Agri- c u l t u r a l C e n t e r , Mbeya, J u l y 1976 , pp. 4-7. Mbeya: Uyole A g r i c u l t u r a l C e n t r e , 1976?

221. " S a i d i Mwamwindi v e r s u s Republic , c a s e no. 212." Tanzania h i g h c o u r t d i g e s t 6 no. 5 ( 1 9 7 2 ) : 244-261.

222. SANGA, L . B. " T r a i n i n g e x p e r i e n c e of v i l l a g e Management T r a i n i n g Programme." N a t i o n a l Counc i l o f A g r i c u l t u r a l Educa t ion con- f e r e n c e , Tengeru, August 1977. C i t e d i n James De V r b e s , & l e c t e d b i b l i o g r a p h y on a g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n i n Tanzania ( I t e m no. 4 7 8 ) .

223. Semina ya mameneja wa vyama v ikuu vya u s h i r i k a , h a l m a s h a u r i na wajumbe wa CUT i l i y o f a n y i k a t a r e h e 28/8/1975 - 30/8/1975, m n n i Dar e s Salaam. { A seminar of managers of c o o p e r a t i v e u n i o n s , e x e c u t i v e committee o f CUT which was h e l d 28-30 Au- g u s t 1975 , Dar e s Salaam]. [Dar e s Salaam]: C o o p e r a t i v e Union of Tanganyika , n .d . 107 p.

224. TANU. T a a r i f a ya tume maalum i l iyokwenda mkoa wa Ziwa Magharibi K u s i k i l i z a m a t a t i z o juu-ya wabunge wa mkoa huo na mkuu wa mkoa huo. [ T h e r e p o r t o f t h e s p e c i a l commission which went t o West Lake Region t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e t r o u b l e s between t h e M.P.s and t h e r e g i o n a l commissioner of t h e r e g i o n ] . Dar e s Salaam: Government P r i n t e r , 1968. 79 p .

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227. TANZANIA. VILLAGE MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME. P u b l i c a t i o n s . Dar e s Salaam: V i l l a g e Management T r a i n i n g Programme, Prime M i n i s t e r ' s O f f i c e , 1976-1977. I n S w a h i l i o r E n q l i s h t i t l e s i n c l u d e : Case s t u d i e s adopted t o t h e WIT- t ra in ing (40 p. ) ; C o o p e r a t i v e management and law (34 p. ) ; Crop s t o r a g e (9 p. ) ; I n s t r u c t i o n on c o l l e c t i o n and u t i l i z a t i o n o f v i l l a g e d a t a (10 p . ) ; Kazi za V.M.T. ( m i e z i 6 ya mwanzo) pamoja na u t a r a - t i b u wa k u t o a r i p o t i , [v.M.T. work ( t h e f i r s t 6 months) t o- g e t h e r w i t h i t s sys tem o f r e p o r t i n g ] (6 p . ) ; Mafunzo ya uongoz i v i j i j i n i , [ A c o u r s e on v i l l a g e l e a d e r s h i p ] (33 p . ) ; Management (67 p . ) ; Masomo a Kil imo Kwa VMT, [Lessons i n a g r i c u l t u r e f o r WT ]-al: o r i e n t a t i o n c o u r s e (42 p . ) ; U t a f i q u l i z i wa ilesabu za b i a s h a r a , [ B a s i c c o u r s e i n commercial a r i t h m e t i c ] (56 p . ) ; V i l l a g e p lanning (63 p. ) ; V i l l a q e p l a n n i n q and b u d g e t i n g (76 p . ) ; V i l l a g e t r a i n i n g (42 p . ) ; V i l l a g e t r a n s p o r t and s t o r a g e (63 p . ) ; Tamm, R o b e r t , V i l l a g e t r a n s p o r t and t r a c t o r i s a t i o n : gu ide- l i n e s f o r f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d i e s (2 p . ) ; Tamm, R o b e r t , V i l l a g e t r a n s p o r t o p e r a t i o n s (54 p . ) ; A g r i c u l t u r a l m a r k e t i n q i n v i l l a - ges (1 p . ) ; and K i t a b u cha mwonqozo wa u h a s i b u na u t u n z a j i wa v i t a b u vya hesabu v i j i j i n i , [ A s t u d y g u i d e i n a c c o u n t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g a c c o u n t books i n t h e v i l l a g e s ] (219 p . ) . A l l t h e above were c i t e d i n t h e L i b r a r y of Congress A c c e s s i o n s L i s t , E a s t e r n A f r i c a , d u r i n g 1977.

228. VERhAGEN, KOENRAD. "La n o u v e l l e p o l i t i q u e d e d&eloppement r u r a l e n T a n z a n i e (1975-1978) . " [ ~ e w p o l i t i c s of r u r a l development i n Tanzania ( 1 9 7 5 - 1 9 7 8 ) l . " Revue d e s s t u d e s c o o p s r a t i v e s , no. 197 ( 1 9 7 9 ) : 105-113.

229. V i j i j i v i l i v o s h i n d a , Saba Saba 1975. [Winning v i l l a g e s , Saba , Saba 1 9 7 ~ l ~ r ~ 1 : Makao Makuu ya TANU na O f i s i -fa W a z i r i Mkuu n a ~ a k & u wa ~ ; l i wa R a i s , 1975? 22 p. A t l e a s t two o t h e r pamphle t s w i t h s i m i l a r t i t l e s were p u b l i s h e d p r i o r t o t h i s one : T a n z a n i a . O f i s i va W a z i r i Mkuu na Makamu wa P i l i wa R a i s , V i j i j i vya ujamaa v i l i v y o s h i n d a : TANU maka 20 Saba Saba 1974 (Dar e s Salaam: O f i s i y a W a z i r i Mkuu, 1 9 7 4 ) , 26 p. and ; T a n z a n i a , I d a r a ya V i j i j i vya Ujamaa, V i j i j i vya ujamaa v i l i v y o s h i n d a - Saba Saba 1972 (Dar e s Salaam: I d a r a ya V i j i j i vya Ujamaa, 1 9 7 2 ) , 35 p.

230. WANACHUO, CHUO CHA CCM (Kivukoni ) . "Kupeleka wataalam na madaraka v i j i j i n i kama mbinu ya k u l e t a maendeleo. " [Sending development e x p e r t s t o v i l l a g e s a s a f o r c e t o b r i n g development] . Ujamaa, no. 56 ( 1 9 7 8 ) : 1-28.

3. A g r i c u l t u r a l a c t i v i t i e s

231. ASSLY, G. A. "The o r g a n i z a t i o n a l p a t t e r n and production e f f i - c i e n c y of communal v e g e t a b l e f a r m s : a c a s e s t u d y o f Monjo ujamaa v i l l a g e i n Lushoto d i s t r i c t . " S p e c i a l p r o j e c t f o r B. Sc. ( A g r i c u l t u r e ) , R u r a l Economy Department , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, Morogoro, 1974. 41 p. C i t e d i n Ib rah im B. Kai- Samba e t . a l . , Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( I t e m no. 4 8 0 ) .

232. BALDUS, R. D . "The i n t r o d u c t i o n of c o o p e r a t i v e l i v e s t o c k hus- bandry i n T a n z a n i a . " Land re form 2 ( 1 9 7 7 ) : 37-46.

233. "Bedingungen M o g l i c h k e i t e n nachholender Entwick lung: e i n e Empi- r i s c h e Untersuchung zu Problanen T r a d i t i o n a l e r Produkt ions- wesen und I h r e r Uberwindung d u r c h P o l i t i s c h e N o b i l i s i e r u n g und Sozial- okonomische T r a n s f o r m a t i o n e n am B e i s p i e l d e r Ujamaa S t r a t e g i e i n T a n z a n i a . " [ C o n d i t i o n s and p o t e n t i a l i - t i e s of a c h i e v i n g development: a n e m p i r i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e problems of t r a d i t i o n a l modes of p r o d u c t i o n and of surmounting them through p o l i t i c a l m o b i l i z a t i o n and s o c i a l - economic t r a n s f o r m a t i o n : t h e example of t h e ujamaa s t r a t e g y i n T a n z a n i a ] . F r a n k f u r t a m Main: I n s t i t u k f i i r S o z i a l f o r s c h u n g a n d e r Johann Wolfgang Goethe U n i v e r s i t a t , 1972. 29 p. C i t e d i n Volkhard Hundsdor fe r and Wolfgang Kuper, B i b l i o g r a p h i e z u r S o z i a l w i s s e n s c h a f t l i q e n Er forschung T a n z a n i a s ( I t em no. 4 7 9 ) .

234. BOESEN, JANNIK and A. T. MOHELE. The ' s u c e s s s t o r y ' of p e a s a n t tobac'co p r o d u c t i o n i n Tanzania . ( C e n t r e f o r Development Re- s e a r c h , p u b l i c a t i o n No. 2 ) . Uppsa la : S c a n d i n a v i a n I n s t i t u t e o f A f r i c a n S t u d i e s , 1980.

235. " C o n d i t i o n s and p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r overcoming underdevelopment: a n e m p i r i c a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e problems of t r a d i t i o n a l modes of p r o d u c t i o n and o f surmounting them by means of po- l i t i c a l m o b i l i z a t i o n and socio- economic t r a n s f o r m a t i o n : u s i n g t h e example of t h e ujamaa s t r a t e g y i n T a n z a n i a . " Frank- f u r t am Main: I n s t i t u t f u r S o z i a l f o r s c h u n a a n d e r Johann Wolfgang Goethe U n i v e r s i t k i t , 1972. 281 p . ' c i t e d i n Volkhard HundsdBrfer and Wolfgang Kuper, B i b l i o g r a p h i e zur S o z i a l - w i s s e n s c h a f t l i c h e n Er forschung T a n z a n i a s ( I t e m 4 7 9 ) .

236. DAVIDSSON, J A N . Some b a s i c u i d e l i n e s f o r v i l l a e t r a n s o r t ope- r a t i o n i n combina t ion wyth c u l t i v a t i o n . D a r g e s S a l a k ] : T r a n s p o r t S e c t i o n , Ujamaa and C o o p e r a t i v e Developmelit De- p a r t m e n t , Prime M i n i s t e r ' s O f f i c e , J a n u a r y 1976. 30 p .

237. DUE, JEAN M . " A g r i c u l t u r a l c r e d i t i n T a n z a n i a . " ( I l l i n o i s Agri- c u l t u r a l Economics S t a f f paper no. 77 E- 2 ) . DeparCJnent of A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics, U n i v e r s i t y o f I1-f"inois a t Urbana- Champaign, March 1977. 19 p. P u b l i s h e d i n J o u r n a l of s o u t h e r n A f r i c a n a f f a i r s 3 , no. 1 ( 1 9 7 8 ) : 99-113.

238. DUE, JEAN M . " A g r i c u l t u r a l c r e d i t i n T a n z a n i a , p a r t 111," ( I l l i - n o i s A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics S t a f f paper no. 78 E- 3 8 ) . De- par tment of A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics, U n i v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s a t Urbana-Champaign, 1978. 32 p .

239. DUE, JEAN M . "The a l l o c a t i o n of c r e d i t t o s m a l l f a r m e r s i n Tan- z a n i a and Zambia." ( I l l i n o i s A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics S t a f f paper no. 78 E - 5 5 ) . Department of A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics, U n i v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s a t Urbana-Champaign, 1978. 28 p ,

240. DUE, JEAN M . "The a l l o c a t i o n of c r e d i t t o ujamaa v i l l a g e s and t o s m a l l p r i v a t e f a r m e r s i n T a n z a n i a . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a n n u a l m e e t i n s of t h e A f r i c a n S t u d i e s A s s o c i a t i o n , Houston, Texas , November 1977. 2 8 p . P u b l i s h e d i n S ~ ~ v i n g s and development 2 ( 1 9 7 8 ) : 69-107.

241. DUE, JEAN PI. C o s t s , r e t u r n s and repayment e x p e r i e n c e of ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania 1973-1976. Washington, D . C . : U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s o f American, 1980. 1 4 1 p . Summary of h e r S t a f f Papers I , I1 and I11 n o s . 237, 242, 238) .

242. DUE, JEAN M . and WAYNE MILLER. " A g r i c u l t u r a l c r e d i t i n Tanzania , p a r t 11." ( I l l i n o i s A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics S t a f f Paper No. 77 E- 15) . Department of A g r i c u l t u r a l Economics , U n i v e r s i t y of I l l i n o i s a t Urbana-Champaign, J u l y 1977. 1 2 1 p.

243. JAMES, R. W. Land t e n u r e and p o l i c y i n Tanzania . N a i r o b i : EALB, 1971. 375 p. P a r t I V on C o l l e c t i v e Tenure i s r e l e v a n t . pp. 225-258.

244. KIRo, D. J. B. "A s t u d y o f t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f r u r a l t r a i n i n g c e n t r e a c t i n g a s a n i n p u t p roduc ing and m a r k e t i n g a g e n t f o r ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " S p e c i a l p r o j e c t , B. Sc. ( A g r i c u l t u r e ) , Department of R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, Moroqoro, 1974. T y p e s c r i p t . 67 p. C i t e d i n Ib rah im B . Kai- Samba, e t a l . , Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( I t e m no. 4 8 0 ) .

245. KROKFORS,. CHRISTER. " A g r i c u l t u r a l development i n s e l e c t e d ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Sumbawanga d i s t r i c t . " (BRALUP r e s e a r c h r e p o r t 4 / 1 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, J a n u a r y 1973. 34 p.

246. LAWRENCE, PETER R. " S i s a l : t h e c a s e f o r ujamaa p r o d u c t i o n . " I n R u r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n T a n z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , g G . , pp. 480-505. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

247. LUPATU, M. A. " A n a l y s i s of egg p r o d u c t i o n and m a r k e t i n g problems i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Morogoro d i s t r i c t . " S t u d e n t p a p e r , De- p a r t m e n t of Animal S c i e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, Morogoro, 1975. T y p e s c r i p t . 43 p . C i t e d i n Ib rah im B. Kai- Samba, e t a l . , Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( I t e m no. 480)

248. I?ACHUNDA, J . B. "Dai ry development p o t e n t i a l under ujamaa v i l l a - g e s : a c a s e s t u d y of f i v e d i s t r i c t s . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e f o u r t h s c i e n t i f i c c o n f e r e n c e of t h e Tanzanian S o c i e t y of Animal P r o d u c t i o n h e l d a t Mbeya, May 1977. 4 p. C i t e d i n Ib rah im B. Kai-Samba, et., Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( I t e m no. 4 8 0 ) .

249. MKONGWA, A . G . "Tobacco p r o d u c t i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n I r i n g a district." S p e c i a l P r o j e c t , F a c u l t y of A g r i c u l t u r e and Fo- r e s t r y , U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. C i t e d i n James De V r i c s , " A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n and t h e development a t Ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Tanzania" (no. 1 8 7 ) .

250. MOHELE, A. T. "The I smani maize c r e d i t programme." (ERB paper 7 5 . 2 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 39 p. P u b l i s h e d i n Kwan S. Kim, Rober t B. Mabele and Michael J . S c h u l t h e s i s , e d s . , P a p e r s on t h e p o l i t i c a l economy of Tanzania ( N a i r o b i : Heinemann, 1 9 7 9 ) , pp. 216-222.

251. MSM+?BICHAKA, L. A. " A g r i c u l t u r a l m e c h a n i z a t i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a - g e s : p r o s p e c t s and prob lems ." (ERB p a p e r 7 5 . 7 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 43 p.

252. MSAMBICHAKA, L. A. and ROBERT B. M . MABELE. " A g r i c u l t u r a l c r e d i t and t h e c?evelopment o f ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n T a n z a n i a . " (ERB p a p e r 7 4 . 1 0 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974 , 40 p. Pub- l i s h e d i n t h e J o u r n a l o f economic r e f l e c t i o n s ( j o u r n a l of t h e Economic A s s o c i a t i o n , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s S a l a a m ) , no. 3 ( 1 9 7 4 ) : 32-58; r e p u b l i s h e d i n Kwan S. K i m , Rober t B. Ma- b e l e and l l i c h a e l J . S c h u l t h e s i s , e d s . , P a p e r s on t h e p o l i t i - c a l economy of Tanzania ( N a i r o b i : Heinemann, 1 9 7 9 ) , pp. 207-215.

253. MSHISENI, K . E. "Seaweed fa rming: a p o s s i b i l i t y f o r T a n z a n i a ' s c o a s t a l ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " Tanzania n o t e s and r e c o r d s 79/80 (1976) : 99-105.

254. MUSSULA, J . T. "Nansio beach f i s h i n g r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t . " 10 p. I n Ujamaa v i l l a g e s : a c o l l e c t i o n o f o r i g i n a l m a n u s c r i p t s , 1969-70, Tanzania M i n i s t r y o f Community Development. A m a n u s c r i p t c o l l e c t e d by Eugene d e Benko, Y i c h i g a n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , March 1971, i n Dar e s Salaam.

255. MVENA, Z . S. K . "Problems o f t o b a c c o p r o d u c t i o n i n I r i n g a : a c a s e s t u d y of Kiwere ujamaa v i l l a g e . " S p e c i a l p r o j e c t , B. Sc . ( A g r i c u l t u r e ) , Department o f R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, Morogorq, 1977. 87 p . C i t e d i n Ibrahirn B. Kai-Samba, e t a l . , Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( n o . 4 8 0 ) .

256. NDISSI, CHACHA. "Ujamaa v i l l a g e s a s a c o l l e c t i v e development s t r a t e g y i n T a n z a n i a ' s economic development ." Ph.D. d i s s e r - t a t i o n , George Washington U n i v e r s i t y , 1976. 154 p .

257. NGEZE, P. B. N. M . "Some a s p e c t s of a g r i c u l t u r a l development i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " Paper p r e s e n t e d a t t h e E a s t A f r i c a n Agri- c u l t u r a l Economic S o c i e t y c c n f e r e n c e , U n i v e r s i t y o f Dar e s Salaam, J u n e 1973. 20 p .

258. NIINIVAAR, MARJATTA. "Ujamaa v i l l a g e s and communal a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n . " M a s t e r ' s t h e s i s , Department of Economics, Uni- v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1974. 49 F.

259. RAIKES, PHILIP L. "Wheat and ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " I n R u r a l coopera- t i o n i n Tanzania , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp. 455- 479. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

260. RUGUMISA, S. and C . T. BARNES. " 'Rura l development f i n a n c e : ' a c r i t i q u e of c o n v e n t i o n a l assumpt ions and a c o n s i d e r a t i o n of a l t e r n a t i v e approaches i n a t r a n s i t i - o n t o s o c i a l i s t economy w i t h s p e c i a l r e f e r e n c e t o T a n z a n i a . " (ERB seminar p a p e r ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, September 1974. 46 p.

261. SEUSHI, I . and J. LOXLEY. "F inanc inq uiamaa: s t a t e r e s o u r c e s and c o o p e r a t i v e deve lopment . " 1; ~ ; r a l c o o p e r a t i o n i n Tan- z a n i a , e d i t e d by L i o n e l C l i f f e , e t a l . , pp . 538-554. Dar e s Salaam: TPH, 1975.

262. SHARMA, A . C . "Economy o f ujamaa and i n d i v i d u a l shantbas i n I r i n g a r e g i o n . " Department o f R u r a l Economy, U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, Morogoro, 1974. 94 p. C i t e d i n Ib rah im B . Kai-Samba, e t a l . , Development f o r s e l f - r e l i a n c e ( n o . 4 8 0 ) .

263. SHARMA, RAVINDRA D. "Agro-economic s u r v e y s i n some ujamaa v i l l a - g e s . " Paper p r e p a r e d a t t h e Research and T r a i n i n g I n s t i t u t e , M i n i s t r y of A g r i c u l t u r e , Food and C o o p e r a t i v e s , U k i r i g u r u , March 1971. 30 p .

264. SHARMA, RAVINDRA D . "Man-power u t i l i z a t i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s . " P a p e r p r e p a r e d a t t h e Research and T r a i n i n g I n s t i t u t e , M i n i s t r y o f A g r i c u l t u r e , Food and C o o p e r a t i v e s , U k i r i g u r u , 1971? 11 p .

265. SUMRA, SULEIIAN. "Problems o f a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n i n ujamaa v i l l a g e s i n Handeni d i s t r i c t . " (ERB paper 7 5 . 3 ) . U n i v e r s i t y of Dar e s Salaam, 1975. 19 p . R e p r i n t e d i n Kwan S. K i m , Ro- b e r t B. Mabele and Micahe l J . S c h u l t h e i s , e d s . , P a p e r s on t h e p o l i t i c a l economy of Tanzania ( N a i r o b i : Heinemann, 1979), pp. 202-206.

266. "Transformation oder Mobilisierung als Anreiz sur Versnderung der Produktionsweisen, am Beispiel von 'settlements' und 'Ujamaa-Ddrfern' in Tanzania." [~ransformation or mobiliza- tion as incentive for changing modes of production, an example of 'settlements' and 'ujamaa-villages' in Tanzania]. Frankfurt am Main: Institut fur Sozialforschung an der Johann Wolfaana Goethe Universitat. 1970. 160 D . Cited in Volkhard ~undsd~rf er and Wolfgang kiper, ~ibliographie zur Sozialwissenschaftlichen Erforschung Tansanias (Item no. 479)

267. TRAORE, ALY. "Rapports agriculture-industrie et 'Socialisme ujamaa' en Tanzanie." [Reports on agriculture-industry and 'ujamaa socialism' in ~anzania]. Revue tiers-monde 16 no. 64 (1975): 805-320.

268. ULVUND, K. A. and G. I. MKINDI. An agro-economic study in Ufipa Plateau. (Research report no. 19). Mbeya: Uyole Agricultural Centre, 1976. 112 p. Part 4,"The ujamaa village survey" is relevant, ?p. 69-90.

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274. COILYUNITY DEVELOPMENT TRUST FUND OF TANZANIA. Approuriate technology for grain storage in Tanzanian villages, report of a pilot project, January, 1977. New Haven, Conn.: Economic Development Bureau, 1977. 94 p.

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GOTTLIEB, MANUEL. "Health survey of selected households, rural and urban, mainland Tanzania, six districts, summer 1972." (ERB paper 74.1). University of Dar es Salaam, 1974. 47 p.

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LONG, NORMAN. "Cooaerative enter~rise and rural develonment in Tanzania." In kural cooperatives and planned changk in Africa, case materials, edited by Raymond Apthorpe, pp. 287-361. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 1970.

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MBENNA, IRENEI CASSIAN. Ujamaa siuwezi. [communal living is im- possible]. Dar es Salaam: Maarifa Publishers, 1973. 25 p. Cited in the Library of Congress, Accesions List, Eastern Africa 10, no. 3 (1977) is a possible reprint titled Siuwezi ujamaa (Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1976), 22p.

MWAKISYOMBE, J. S. E. "Matatizo ya uwekaji na ufunzaji wa kum- bukumbo za 1-dahesabu ya biashara katika vl]l]l vya ulao2a na vyama vya usnirika. [Problems of preparing and keeping accounts in ujamaa villages ana cooperative societies]. Ujamaa, no. 34 (1974): 16-28.

MWASE, NGILA R.L. "Cooperatives and ujamaa in Tanzania: a case study of the Arusha Region Cooperative Union Limited (ARCU)." Student dissertation, Department of Political Science, Uni- versity of Dar es Salaam, March 1973. 135 p. Preliminary version published in Economic reflections (journal of the Dar es Salaam University Economics Association) 1 (1972): 27-31; and published in a substantially cut form as "Coope- ratives and ujamaa: a case study of the Arusha Region Coo- aerative Union Limited (A.R.C.U.)" in Goran Hyden, ed., Cooperatives in Tanzania (Dar es Salaanl: TPH,- 1976) , pp. 78- 93.

MWOLEKA, CHRISTOPHER and JOSEPH HEALEY, eds. Ujamaa and Chris- tian communities. Eldoret, Kenya: Gaba Publications, Amecea Pastoral Institute, 1976. 63 p.

289. "NDC Goes to the Villages." Jenga, no. 11 (1972): 14-19.

290. NG'WANDU, PIUS YASEBASI. "The role of adult education in meeting the development needs of ujamaa villages in Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 1973.

291 NG'WANDU, PIUS YASEBASI. "Ujamaa villages: Tanzania's strategy versus rural underdevelopment, and the role of adult education." (Studies in adult education no. 15). Institute of Adult Education, University of Dar es Salaam, 1974. 40 p.

292. NIEUWENHOVE, JACQUES VAN. "Presence Chretienne en societe socialiste, valeur pastorale d'une integration dans les villages uiamaa." r~hristian Dresence in socialist society, the value of pastoral integration with ujamaa villages]. 1n Socialisme et Eglise en Tanzanie by S. Urfer, pp. 107-128. Paris: IDOC- France. 1975. Abridsed and translated into Enslish in Marilee Karl, ed., Ujamaa and self-reliance: building socialism in Tanzania (Rome: IDOC, 1976), pp. 69-73.

293. NSHIKU, T. "Vijiji vya ujamaa." [~jamaa villages]. In Tanzania kabla na baada ya uhuru, edited by the Institute of Adult Education, University of Dar es Salaam, pp. 70-81. Kampala: EALB, 1971.

294. NYERERE, JULIUS K. Ujamaa ni imani 3: kufanya kazi pamoja. [So- cialism is faith 3: working together]. Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1974. 43 p.

295. NYERERE, JULIUS K. Ujamaa ni imani 1: moyo kabla ya silaha.[So- cialism is faith I: the heart before the weapon]. Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1973, 72 p.

296. OMARI, C. K. and E. A. LUKWARO. "Settlement patterns and ujarnaa," Tanzania notes and records, no. 83 (1978): 21-28.

297. "Planning for nutritional self-sufficiency for ujamaa villages in the context of Tanzania's goals for national development" In Nutritional planning and policy for African countries: summary report of a seminar held in Nairobi, Kenya, June 1976, edited by Micahel Latham and Sidney Westley, pp. - 78-86. (Occasional paper no. 21). Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1976. Republished as Cornell international nutrition monograph series no. 5 by the Cor- nell University Program on International Nutrition and De- velopment Policy, Ithaca, New York, 1977, pp. 63-73.

298. RAIKES, PHILIP L. "Village planning for ujamaa." Taamuli 3,no. 1 (1972) : 3-26.

299. RUPIA, J. A. J. "Mpango wa uchumi wa kijiji cha ujamaa." [Eco- nomic plan for an ujamaa village]." Ujamaa, no. 25 (1971?): 7-15.

300. SHIMBA, H. J. PI. "Socio-economic conditions of ujamaa introduc- tlon in Handeni district." Special project, BSc. (Agricul- ture), Rural Economy Department, University of Dar es Sa- laam, Morogoro, n.d. 46 p. Cited in Ibrahim B. Kai-Samba, et al., Development for self-reliance (no. 480).

301. TANU. Maisha ya uj-. The ujamaa life . Dar es Salaam: Makao Makuu ya TANU, 1971? 40 p.

302. TANU. Vijiji vl7a ujamaa, vitabu vya darubini 2. [~jamaa villages, study books no.21: Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1971. 64 p.

303. TANZANIA, CHUO CHA ELIMU YA WATU WAZI-MA. CHUO KIKUU CHA DAR ES SALAAM. Matunda ya kuishi kijamaa.[The fruits of socialist living]. Nairobi: EALB 1971. 21 p.

304. TANZANIA. IDARA YA MIPANGO YA UTUMISHI. WIZARA YA MAENDELEO YA UTUMISHI. "Uchunquzi wa mahitaji ya mafunzo ya ufundi/utaa- lam vijijini." [Research on the requirements for technical education in the villages] ." [ ~ a r es salaam?] : Idara ya Mipango ya Utumishi, Wizara ya Maendeleo ya Utumishi, 1977. 72 p.

305. TANZANIA. KAMATI YA KUCHUNGUZA ELIMU YA UJAMAA NA USHIRIKA. Mpango wa elimu ya ujamaa na ushirika, Tanzania, 1973-1979. h he education plan for ujamaa villages and cooperative societies]. Dodoma . January 1973. 84 p.

306 TANZANIA. NATIONAL HOUSING AND BUILDING RESEARCH UNIT. MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. Report from a seminar held at Lushoto, February, 1974. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, July 1974. 41 p.

307. TANZANIA. OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU NA KAKAMU WA PILI WA RAIS. W- ka ya ujamaa. Ujamaa shops . Dodoma: Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu na Makamu wa Pili wa Rais, May 1976. 18 p.

308. TANZANIA. UJAMAA AND COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT. PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE. A guide for planning, operation and control of a villaqe cooperative shop. [Dodoma], 1974? 33 p.

309. TANZANIA. UJAi'AA AND COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT DEPART-VENT . PRIME MINISTER'S OFFICE. Manual and textbook for villaqe bookkeeping system. Dodoma . 1976? 116 p.

310. TANZANIA. UJAMAA AND COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT. The operational manual of the Tanzania rural savings and credit scheme. Dar es Salaam: Office of the Prime Minister and the Second Vice President, 1976? 59 p.

311. TOROKA, S. "Education for self-reliance; the Litowa experiment." Mbioni 4, no. 11 (1968): 2-25. Republished in Rural African6 no. 9 (Fall 1969), pp. 23-33; and in Lionel Cliffe and John Saul, eds., Socialism in Tanzania, Vol. 2 (Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1973), pp. 264-271.

312. TSCHANNERL, GERHARD. "Rural water supply in Tanzania: is 'politics' or 'technique' in command?" Paper presented at the East African Universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, December 1973. 33 p. Published in The African review 6, no. 2 (1976) : 165-194.

313. WESTMAN, JOHANNA. "Planning ujamaa." Mbioni 5, no. 7 (1969) : 3-9.

314. WOOD, A. W. "The community school in Tanzania: the experience at Litowa." Teacher education in new countries 10, no. 1 (1969) : 4-12.

5 Villagers and village leaders

315. BAVU, IMMANUEL. "Leadership and communication in the ujamaa process: a case study of Kabuku-Ndani ujamaa village cooperative society." Master's thesis, Department of Sociology, Univer- sity of Dar es Salaam, 1971.

316. FORTMANN, LOUISE. "Women's work in a communal setting: the Tan- zanian policy of ujamaa." Paper presented at the conference on Women and Work in Africa, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 29 April - 1 May 1979. 18 p.

317. GUILLOTTE, J. V. "Attitudes toward ujamaa in a multi-ethnic rural community in northern Tanzania." Paper presented at the annual meeting of African Studies Association Syracuse, New York, November 1973. 14 p.

318. LEWIN, ROGER. "Jinsi viongozi wa siasa wanavyoweza kuwasaidia wakulima." How political leadership is able to help peasants . Ujamaa, no. 4 (1968) : 8-11.

319. LEWIN, ROGER. "On ujamaa villages." Dar es Salaam, n.d. 19 p.

320. MAEDA, JUSTIN HUMPHREY J. "Popular participation, control and development (a study of the nature and role of popular participation in Tanzania's rural development)". Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Yale University, 1976. 410 p.

321. MASCARENHAS, ADOLFO C. "Settlements and population redistribu- tion in Dodoma." (BRALUP Research paper no. 47). University of Dar es Salaam, March 1977. 35 p.

322. P.IASHAUR1, R. K. "Leadership structure and communication in an ujamaa village: a case study of Gallu." Student dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of Dar es Salaam. 1970. 14 R. Published in slishtlv revised form in

2 2

J.H. Procter, ed., Building ujamaa villages in Tanzania, (Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1976), pp. 55-63.

323. McHENRY, DEAN E., JR. "Peasant participation in communal farming: the Tanzanian experience." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Afrlcan Studies Association, Boston, November 1976. 31 p. Published in slightly revised form in the Afrlcan studies review 20, no. 3 (1977): 43-63; reprinted in Alan Smith and Claude Welch, eds., Peasants in Africa (Waltham, I4assachusetts: Crossroads Press, 1978) , pp. 43-63.

324. McHENRY, DEAN E., JR. "Rural policy divergence: communal farming in ujamaa villages." Paper presented at the East African universities social science conference, University of Nai- robi, December 1975. 13 p.

325. "Mfano wa katiba ya kijiji cha ujamaa." An example of a consti- tution of an ujamaa village . In Fnzania kabla na baada ya uhuru, edited by the Institute of Adult Education, Univer- sity of Dar es Salaam, pp. 111-115. Kampala: EALB, 1971.

326. MPESHA, M. A. L. "The effect of participation in decision- making on commitment to ujamaa work: a case study of Rugaze and Omurunazi ujamaa villages in Bukoba district." Special project, B. Sc. (Agri-culture) , Department of Crop Science, University of Ear es Salaam, Morogoro, 1976. 51 p. Cited in Ibrahirn B. Kai-Samba, et al., Development for self-reliance (no.480) .

327. NDUNGURU, CRESCENT C. "Ujamaa: a comparative study of percep- tions and orientation in Kilosa and Mpwapwa Districts." Master's thesis, University of Dar es Salaam, 1973.

328. SENDER, JOHN. "Some preliminary notes on the political economy of rural development in Tanzania based on a case study in the western Usambaras." (ERB paper 74.5). University of Dar es Salaam, May 1974. 59 p.

329. STORGAARD, B. "Women in ujamaa villages." Rural Africana 29 (Winter 1975-76) : 135-155.

330. SWANTZ, MARJA-LIISA. "Strain and strenght among peasant women in Tanzania." (BRALUP research paper no. 49). University of Dar es Salaam, 1977. 81 p.

331. SWANTZ, MARJA-LIISA. "Youth and ujamaa development in the Coast region of Tanzania." Paper presented at the East African universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, De- cember 1973. 28 p. Revised substantially and published as "Youth and development in the Coast region of Tanzania" (BRALUP research report no. 6 (new series), University of Dar es Salaam, 1974, 48 p.

D. Evaluation of the Ujamaa Village Approach to Rural Development

Many or the studies of ujamaa villages categorized elsewhere in this bibliography contain evaluations of progress and suggestions for im-

provement. Student papers, influenced by the drive to make education relevant to socialist development, frequently contain sections pro- viding advice for overcoming problems. In this section, though, works whose general theme is evaluative are included. They are of two ty- pes: general reviews of the effort, which are implicitly evaluative, and specific assessments of the undertaking, which are explicitly evaluative.

1. Review of the effort

332. ANTONIOTTO, ALBERTO. "L'esperienza dell'ujarnaa in Tanzania: una riconsiderazione antropologica."[~he experience of ujamaa in Tanzania: an anthropological reconsideration]. Africa 32, no. 2 (1977) : 177-199.

333. BALDUS, ROLF D. Zur Operationalen Effizienz der Ujamaa Koopera- tive Tansanias. [The operational efficiency of the ujamaa cooperatives in Tanzania!. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1976. 275 p. Contains English surnmary and an extensive bibliography.

334. BARKER, JONATHAN. "Socialism and the rural sector in Tanzania." Paper presented at the American Political Science Associa- tion meeting, September 1976, Chicago.31 p. Revised and published under the title "The debate on rural socialism in Tanzania" in Bismarck Mwansasu and Cranford Pratt, eds., Toward socialism in Tanzania (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 19791, pp. 95-124.

335. BARKER, JONATHAN. "Uiamaa in cash-crop areas of Tanzania: some problems and reflections .journal bf African studies 1, no. 4 (1974) : 441-463.

336. BAUM, ECKHARD. "Ujamaa ein-Konzept der Agrar, und Siedlungs- politik in Tanzania." ~Ujamaa, an agrarian concept, and settlement politics in ~anzania]. Zeitschrift fiir auslan- dische Landwirtschaft 10, no. 2 (1971): 114-124.

337. BAUM, ECKHARD. "Ujamaa villages: an approach to rural development in Tanzania." The South African journal of African affairs 3, no. 2 (1973): 37-46.

338. BULEGI, S. A. "The role of villages as multi-purpose producer cooperatives in rural development." In Agricultural extension in ujamaa village development: papers and proceedings of a workshop, edited by Hermann Hansel, et al., pp. 19-27, Morogoro: University of Dar es Salaam, 1975.

339. GARDETTINI, 0. %merits d'une strategie d'Gcodgveloppement pour les villaqes Ujamaa de Tanzanie.[Elements of a strateqv of economic develoument for Tanzanian Uiamaa villaaes?. Thesis > - ~- -

prepared for Ecole pratique des hautes Gtudes, centre international de reserches sur l'environnement et le dgveloppenent, Paris, 1974. 91 p. Cited in CARDAN, Bibliographic fran~aise sur l'afrique 7, no. 3 (1975): 102; 7, no. 4 (1975): 102; and 8, no. 3 (1976) : 84, in which the author's name is spelled Cordettini .

340. CEDILLO, VALENTIN G. "Rural development through ujamaa, A Tan- zania case report." (Occasional paper 73/11). Vienna: Vienna Institute for Development, 1973. 55 p.

341. CEDILLO, VALENTIN G, G. H. E. MWINAMA and R. P. A. S. MKOKOI. study of the rural development programme, ujamaa villages and rural development staff of Tanga, Kilimanjaro and Arusha. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1970. Cited by James Kocher and Beverly Fleisher, Bibliography on rural development in Tanzania (no. 481) .

342. CLIFFE, LIONEL. "The policy of ujamaa vijijini and the class struggle in Tanzania." Paper presented at the seminar on Changes in Tanzanian Rural Society and Their Relevance for Developraent Planning, Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden, Nether- lands, December 1970. 25 p. Slightly revised and published in Rural Africana, no. 13- (1971): 5:27; and republished in Lionel Cliffe and John Saul, eds., Socialism in Tanzania, Vol. 2 (Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 19731, pp. 195-211.

343. CLIFFE, LIONEL and JOHPJ S. SAUL, eds. Socialism in Tanzania: An Interdisciplinary Reader, Vol. I1 - Policies. Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1973. 356 p.

344. CLIFFE, LIONEL; PETER LAWRENCE; WILLIAM LUTTERELL; SHEM MIGOT- ADHOLLA and JOHN SAUL, eds. Rural cooperation in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1975. 554 p.

345. CONNELL, JOHN. "Ujamaa villages: institutional change in rural Tanzania." Journal of administration overseas 11, no. 4 (1972): 273-283. Revised and published as The evolution of Tanzanian rural development (Brighton: University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, 1974), 21,p.; and in a slightly different form in the Journal of troplcal geography 38 (1974) : 7-18.

346. COULSON, ANDREW. "Agricultural policies in mainland Tanzania." Review of African political economy, no. 10 (1977) : 74-100.

347. DARAJA, A. W. M. "The Tanzanian pattern of rural development: sorne administrative problems." Student dissertation, De- partment of Political Science, University College, Dar es Salaam, 1970. Revised slightly and published in J. H. Proc- ter, ed., in Building ujamaa villages in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1971), pp. 48-54.

348. DESAI, P. M. "Ujamaa villages: a Tanzanian experiment in rural developmenk" Africa quarterly 16, no. 2 (1976) : 36-55.

349. DE VRIES, JAiiS and H. HANSEL. "Ujamaa villages as a strategy for rural development in Tanzania." In Agricultural extension in ujamaa village development: papers and proceedings of a workshop, edited by Hermann Hansel, et al., pp. 28-63. Moroyoro: University of Dar es Salaam, 1975.

350. ELLPiAN, ANTONY. "Agricultural improvements through cooperative farming in Tanzania: a brief outline." (ERB paper 69.32). University College, Dar es Salaam, 1969. 10 p. Published as "The introduction of agricultural innovations through cooperative farming: a Brief outline of Tanzania's Policies," East African journal of rural development 3, no. 1 (1970) : 1-15.

351. ELLMAN, ANTONY. "Development of ujamaa farming." Paper presented at the seminar on Changes in Tanzanian Rural Society and Their Relevance for Development Planning, Afrika-Studie- centrum, Leiden, Netherlands, December 1970. 30 p. Published in Kroniek van Afrika, no. 2 (1971) : 113-130.

352. ELLMAN, ANTONY. "Development of ujamaa policy in Tanzania." In Rural cooperatives in Tanzania, edlted by Lionel Cliffe, et al., pp. 312-345. Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1975.

353. ELLPIAN, ANTONY. "Group farminq experiences in Tanzania." In Cooperative and cbnunune, edited by Peter Dorner, pp. 234-276. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1977.

354. ELLMAN, ANTONY. "Progress, problems and prospects in ujamaa development in Tanzania." Paper presented at the East African Economics Society conference, Dar es Salaam, 31 March - 4 April 1970. 4i p. Published as ERB Paper 70. 18, Univer- sity College, Dar es Salaam, 1970, 35 p.

355. Field Research in Tanga Ujamaa Villages. A collection of student papers prepared for the Department of Socioloqv. Uni- versityLof D& es Salaam in 197'3 and 1974, 1975. ~ i G o - graphed. 456 p. The Library of Congress entry indicates the papers were prepared between 1974 and 1977 and that the volume contains 538 p. Yet, the Library of Congress copy contains only 456 p. and is limited to papers prepared between 1973 and 1974. There is a three page introduction by B.C. Nindi and G. Philippson.

356. FORTMANN, LOUISE. Peasants, officials and participation in rural Tanzania: experience with villagization and decentralization. (Rural local organization series no. 1). Rural De- velopment Comm~ttee, Center for International Studies, Cor- nell-University, Ithaca, New York, 1980. 148 p.

357. GHAI, DHPAW and REGINOLD HERBOLD GREEN. "Ujamaa and villaqi- sation in Tanzania." In 1- m t , edited by Dharam Ghai, Azizur Rahman Khan, Eddy Lee and Samir Radwan, pp. 232-256. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1979.

358. GHAI, DHARAM, EDDY LEE, JUSTIN !IAEDA and SNIIR RADWAN, eds. Overcoming rural underdevelopment: proceedings of a workshop on alternative agrarian systems and rural development, Arusha, Tanzania 4-14 April 1979. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1979. 98 p.

359. GODDING, JEAN-PIERRE. "La politique rurale et les villages ujamaa." [~ural politics and Ujamaa villages]. In Conference Olivaint de Belgique, La Tanzanie: une leader, une experience, un espoir: session d'etude 4 aout-2 septembre 1974: rapports des participants, pp. 282-305. Sruxelles: Con- ference Olivaint de Belgique, 1975?

360. HESS, OLEEN. "Tanzania: ujamaa and development." (International Agriculture Mimeograph no. 52). Department of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1976. 86 p.

361. HEWLETT, ROBERT and JOHN MARKIE. "Cooperative farming as an instrument of rural development: examples from China, Viet- nam, Tanzania and India." Land reform, no. 2 (1976): 41-54. Relevant pages are 46-48.

362. HILL. FRANCES. "Uiamaa: African socialist ~roductionism in Tan- zania." In Socialism in the Third World, edited by Helen Desfosses and Jacques Levesque, pp. 216-252. New York: Praeger, 1975.

363. HUIZER, GERRIT. "The ujamaa village programme in Tanzapia: new forms of rural development." (Occasional papers no. 11). The Hague: Institute of Social Studies, 1971. 30 p. Published in Studies in comparative international development 8, no. 2 (1973) : 183-207.

364. HYDEN, GdRAN. Beyond ujamaa: underdevelopment and an uncaptured peasantry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. 270 p.

365. HYDEN, GoRAN. "Ujamaa, villagisation and rural development." Overseas development institute review, no. 1 (1975): 53-72.

366. HYDEN, GBRAN. "Villagization, population growth, and agricultural development in Tanzania." Paper presented at the East African Agricultural Economic Society conference on population growth and agricultural development, Kampala, Uganda, May 1975. 9 p.

367. INUKAI, I. "African socialism and agricultural development strategy: a comparative study of Kenya and Tanzania." The developing economies 12, no. 1 (1974): 3-22.

368. JOBS AND SKILLS PROGXW%E FOR AFRICA. INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFI- CE. "Changes In the rnstitutional framework: villagisation and ujamaa." In Towards self-reliance: development, ernploy- ment and equity issues in Tanzania, pp. 41-55. Addis Ababa: International Labour Office, 1978.

369. JUMA, RICHARD S. "Ujamaa development in Tanzania." In Ujamaa and self-rqliance: building socialism in Tanzania, editedby Marilee Karl, pp. 36-37.Rome: IDOC, 1976.

370. KAYOMBO, E. 0.; H. H. LUS!.IP,SA, S. PtESAKI and 0. P I . M. NGALYA. 5 collection of essays on ujamaa villages. Four student dissertations, Department of Political Science, University of Dar es Salaam, 1971. 109 p.

371. KEREGERO, K. J. B. and A. 2 . MATTEE. "Villagization and rural development: a comr~1ent." In Agricultural extension in ujamaa village development: papers and proceedings oL a workshc?, edited by Hermann Hansel, et al., pp. 22-21. r4orogoro: Unf- versity of Dar es Salaam, 1975.

372. KIM, KWAIJ S. , ROBEKT B. XABELE and IIICAhEL J . SCHULTFiEIS, eds . S-- pArs on the political economy of Tanzania. Nairobi: Heinemann : -

Educational Books, 1979. 294 p.

373. KOlmNYA, L. B. "Creating viable ujamaa villages." In Agricultural extension in ujamaa village development: papers and proceedings of a workshop, edited by Hermann Hansel, et al., pp. 64-69. Morogoro: University of Dar es Salaam, 1975.

374. MAPOLU, HENRY and G. PHILIPPSON. "Agricultural cooperation and the development of productive forces: some lessons from Tan- zania." The African review 6, no. 2 (1976): 143-163.

MARKIE, JOHN. "Ujamaa villages in Tanzania: a possible solution to the problems of the rural poor." Land reform, no. 1 (1976) : 54-76.

376. MASCARENHAS, ADGL21iO. "After villagization - what?" In Towards socialism in Tanzania edited by Bismarck Mwansasu and Cran- ford Pratt, pp. 145-165. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979.

377. MASCARENHAS, ADOLPHO. "Social and institutional framework for implementing rural development approaches and constraints: the case of Tanzania." In Report on the FAO/SIDA expert con- sultation on policies and institutions for integrated rural development, Nairobi, Kenya, September 1976, Vol. 2, pp. 16-22. Rome: FAO, 1977.

378. McHENRY, DEAN E., JR. "Concentrations and ujamaa villages: a note on resettlemect efforts in Kigoma region." Taamuli 5, no. 1 (1975) : 54-59.

379. McHENRY, DEAN E., JR. "The ujamaa village in Tanzania: a comparison with Chinese, Soviet and Mexican experiences in collectivization." Comparative studies in society and history 18, no. 3 (1976) : 347-370.

380. MEYEN, W. L. "Ujamaa village development in Mbeya region." (ERB paper). University of Dar es Salaam, n.d. Cited by C. Boalt, "Village housing in Tanzania" (no. 272).

381. MEYNS, PETER. Nationale Unabhan ie keit und landliche Entwicklun in der 3. Welt: Das Beispie? Tznzania. [~ational Independencz and Rural Develoument in the Third World: the Tanzanian Example]. Berlin: Oberbaumverlag, 1977? 298 p.

382. MLAMBITI, M. E. "Rural development: The Tanzanian type." Paper presented at the East Afrikan universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, December 1973. Published in Tan- zania notes and records, no. 79/80 (1976): 1-12.

383. MODERNE, FRANK. "Etude comparative de deux institutions socialis- tes du dQveloppement rural dans l'ocQan indien: le fokonolona Malgache et le village ujamaa Tanzanien." [comparative study of two socialist institutions for rural development in the Indian Ocean: the Fokonolona of Madagascar and the ujamaa villages of ~anzania]. Annuaire des pays de 110c6an Indien 1 (1974) : 235-259.

384. MODERNE, FRANK. "La cooperation agricole en Tanzanie." Terre llal- gache 8 (1970) : 61-82.

385. MODERNE, FRANK. "Noveaux dsveloppements de l'experience des villaqes ujamaa en Tanzanie." r ~ e w development in the experience of Ujamaa villages in Tanzanial. Revue Pran~aise d'etudes politiques Afrlcanines, no. 61 (19711: 62-86.

386. MODERNE, FRANK. "Villages cornmunautaires et socialisme Tanzanien" [Communal villages and Tanzanian socialism;. Dsveloppement et civilisations, no. 39-40 (1970) : 147 -166.

387. MODERNE, FRANK. "Les villages ujamaa et l'edification du socialisme en Tanzanie."[Ujamaa villages and the building of socialism in ~anzania]. Revue economique de Madagascar, no. 5 (1970) : 363-381.

388. MUSHI, SAMUEL S. "Revolution by evolution: the Tanzanian road to socialism." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, Yale University, 1974. 484 p.

389. OMARI, C. K. "Operation Kigoma, Kibondo district: a preliminary appraisal." (Rural Development Research Comn~ittee report no. 2). Department of Sociology, University of Dar es Salaam, 1973. 38 p.

390. OMARI, C. K. Strategy for rural development, Tanzania experience. Kampala: EALB, 1976. 168 p.

391. OhlARI, C. K. "Tanzania's emerging rural development policy." Africa today 21, no.3 (1974): 9-14.

392. PHILIP, CHRISTIAN. "Le socialisme Tanzanien et les villages ujamaa, base de son Qdification." [~anzanian socialisni and ujamaa villages, the foundation of its construction]. Memoire, Diplome d'etudes Superieur, Science Politique, Faculte des Sciences Economiques? , Paris, 1970.

SCHULTZ, PETER. "Tanzanie: la parole est au village." [Tanzania: the talk is of the village]. Croissance des jeunes nations, no. 143 (1974) : 31-33.

SCHiiTTE, HEINZ. "Ujamaa Villages und Nyereres Afrikanischer So- zialismus." Internationales Afrika Forum 5, no.4 (1969): 282-287.

SVENDSEN, KNUD ERIK. "General problems of the rural development policy of Tanzania." Paper prepared for a seminar on foreign aid and rural development, Organization for Economic Coopera- tion and Development, Dar es Salaam, January 1970. 14 p.

TANU, BODI YA UHARIRI. "Watanzania vijijini." [Tanzanians in the villagesl. In Kujenga ujamaa Tanzania: miaka kumi ya kwanza, pp. 163-177. [Dodoma]; TANU, 1977.

TANZANIA, 'IDARA YA MAENDELEO YA UJAMAA NA USHIRIKA. OFISI YA WA- ZIRI MKUU NA P4AKAMUrWA PILI WA RAIS. Maendeleo ya ujamaa na ushirika Tanzania, ,The development of socialism and cooperatives in Tanzania!. Dodoma: Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, 1976. 43 p.

TANZANIA. KIKUNDI CHA TAKWIMU. SEHEMU YA MIPANGO NA UTAFITI. OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU NA MAKAMU WA PILI WA RAIS. Maendeleo a vijiji vy ujamaa. [Progress of ujamaa villages]. Dar es SaY lam: Kikundi cha Takwimu, 1974. 60 p.

TANZANIA. MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. Ujamaa villages: a collection of original manuscripts, 1969-1970. Dar es Salaam: 1970. 108 P. Typewritten and mimeoqraphed manuscripts collected by ~ugene de Benko, Michigan state university,-in March 1971 from the Ujamaa Village Project in the Ministry of Com- munity Development, Dar es Salaam.

TAI'iZANIA. OFISI YA WASIRI MKUU NA MAKAMU WA PILI WA RAIS. IDARA YA UJAMAA NA USHIRIKA. SEHEMU YA MAENDELEO YA SIASA NA UTA- FITI. Maendeleo ya vijiji. Dodoma: Sehemu ya Maendeleo ya Siasa na Utafiti, 1975. 16 p. Cited in Tanzania National aibliography, 1974-75.

~

TANZANIA. PRIME MINISTER AND SECOND VICE PRESIDENT'S OFFICE. Maendeleo ya vijiji vya ujamaa. Dar es Salaam: Prime Minis- ter's Office, 1973. 15 p. Cited in Printed in Tanzania, 1973.

TSCHUDI, A. B. "Ujamaa villages and rural development." Norsk geografisk tidsskrift 26, no. 1/2 (1972): 27-36.

"Ujamaa, the rural revolution." Jenga, no.8 (1971): 1-7. Re- printed as "Rural revolution In Tanzania." African progress 1, no. 4 (1971) : 32-35.

UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA. OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT GROUP. "Agrl- cultural Organisation and vlllage settlement." In Irinqa region, Tanzania: integrated rural development proposals for the third five-year plan, 1976-81, vol. I, pp. 5.1-5.22. Rome: FAO, 1976.

URFER, SYLVAIN. Une Afrique socialiste, la Tanzanie. [~ocialist Africa, Tanzax]. Paris: Les Editions Ouvrieres, 1976. 239 F. The relevant section is pp. 70-81.

WEEKS, SHELDON. "Building ujamaa: Tanzania's rural socialist villages." Paper prepared for a public lecture given at the University of Papua New Guinea, April 1975. 28 p.

407. WOLSTENHOLME, CHRIS. "Ujamaa." New internationalist, May, 1973, pp. 16-18.

2. Assessment of success

408. ANDREOU, P. and SHARMA, K. L. "Approche Gconomique du mouvement Ujamaa et du d6veloppernent rural cooperatif en Tanzanie ." [Economic approach bf the Ujamaa movement and rural cooperative development in ~anzania]. Revue des etudes cooperatives, no. 187 (1977) : 115-123.

409. ANGWAZI, JOSEPH and BENNO NDULU. "Evaluation of Operation Rufiji, 1968." (BRALUP service paper 73/9). University of Dar es Sa- laam, 1973.

410. ANGWAZI, .JOSEPH and BENNO NDULU. "An evaluation of ujamaa villages in the Rufiji area, 1968-1972." Paper presented at the East African universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, December 1973. 22 p.

411. AWITI, ADHU. "The development of ujamaa villages and the peasant r~uestion in Irlnga district: a study outline." (ERB (procedural) paper 71.1). University of Dar es Salaam, 1971. 39 p. Reissued as ERB paper 73.4, University of Dar es Salaam, 1973, 48 p.

412. AWITI, ADHU. "Economic differentiation in Isrnani, Iringa region: a critical assessment of peasants' response to the ujamaa vijijini programme." Paper presented at an ERB Seminar, Uni- versity of Dar es Salaam, October 1972. 47 p. Reprinted as "Class struggle in rural society of Tanzania", Maji Maji, no. 7 (1972); under the original title in The African review 3, no. 2 (1973): 209-240; with three new introductory pages as "Analysis of a rural village in Tanzania." African red family 1, no. 1 (1973) : 26-61; split into two parts as "Is- man1 and the rise of capitalism" and "The development of ujarnaa in Ismani," in Lionel Cliffe, et. al., eds., Rural cooperation in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1975), pp. 51- 78 and 418-425, respectively; and as "Lutte des classes dans la societe rurale de la Tanzanie: une etude de cas de Isma- ni-Iringa," in Samir Amin, ed., L'agriculture Africaine et le capitalisme (Paris: Editions Anthropos, 19751, pp. 257- 318.

413. BLUE, RICHARD N. and JAMES H. WEAVER. A critical assessment of the Tanzanian model of development. (Occasional paper no.1). Washington, D. C.: Agency for International Development, De- velopment Studies Program, June 1977, 61 p. Re~rinted by the Agricultural Development Council, no. 30, July 1977, 19 p.

414. BOGGIO, BERNARD and PIERRE-YVES DOUET. "Tanzanie, comment fonc- tionnent les villages communautaires ujamaa." [Tanzania, how the Ujamaa villages function!. Croissance des jeunes nations, no. 164 (1975) : 11-14.

415. BRYCESON, DEREK. "Village settlements scheme now well on way to success." African Development, December 1971, pp. T17-T20.

416. CHAMBERS, ROBERT. "Book review: building ujarnaa village in Tan- zania." Taarnuli 2, no. 2 (1972): 62-66.

417. CLIFFE, LIONEL; WILLIAM LUTTERELL and J. E. MOORE. "Socialist transformation in rural Tanzania: a strategy for the western Usambaras." (ERB paper 69.24). University of Dar es Salaam, 1969. 47 p. Presented at the East African universities social science conference, Nairobi, Kenya, December 1969 and reprinted in slightly revised form as "Socialist development in Tanzania agriculture: its application to the western Usambaras" in Lionel Cliffe, et al., eds., Rural cooperation in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1975), pp. 506-538.

418. "Cooperative villages in near revolt..." Free Zanzibar voice, October 1974, pp. 6-9.

419. COULSON, ANDREW, ed. African socialism in practice: the Tanzanian experience. Nottingham, England: Spokesmen Books, 1979.

420. ELLIS, my. "Ujamaa: a personal assessment." Africa report 19, no. 6 (1974): 42-45.

421. ERGAS, ZECKI. "La politique des villages ujamaa en Tanzanie: la fin d'un mythe." [The politics of ujamaa villages in Tanza- nia: tine end of a myth]. Revue Tiers-monde 20, no. 77 (1979): 169-186.

422. FIRST, RUTH. "How ujamaa works." Africa, no. 21 (1973): 40-43.

423. GIGER, HEINI; URS LENDENPIANN; HANNY LUTOLF and HANSRUEDI SCHWEI- ZER. Tansania, ein Kritischer Reisebericht. [Tanzania, a critical tour report]. Ziirich: Schweizerische Arbeitsgrup- pen fiir Entwicklungspolitik, 1976. 81 p. Particularly relevant are pp. 24-29.

424. GREEN, REGINALD. "Ujamaa: success or failure?" African- ment 9, no. 1 (1975): 12-13.

425. GRUHN, ISEBIL V. "Tanzania's noble experiment imperiled." World- view 19, no. 10 (1976) : 23-25.

426. HONNOLD, EDWARD. "Tanzania's struggle for ujamaa: towards a rural utopia?" Foreign service journal 53, no. 2 (1976) : 7-11, 25.

427. JOINET, BERNARD. "L'ujamaa et le dgveloppement agricole en Tan- zanie socialiste." Revue des studes cooperatives, no. 192 (1978) : 67-94.

428. JUMA, RICHARD. "Ujamaa in practice." African development, Decem- ber 1970, p. T21.

429. KIVA, A. V. "Tropicheskaia Afrika: nekotorye problemy revoliu- tionno-demokraticheskikh preobrazovanii v derevne ['Udzhamaa' v Tanzanii)." tropical AFrica: Some Problems of the Revolu- tionary-democratic Transformations in the Village (Ujamaa in ~anzania)] . Narody Azii i Afriki 20, no. 5 (1974) : 15-25.

430. KJEKSHUS, HELGE. "The Tanzanian villaqization policy: implemen- tatibn lessons and ecological dimensions. " - canaaian 3ournal of african studies 11, no. 2 (1977): 269-282.

431. K~RSCHNER, F. "Das Konzept der Ujamaa-Dorfer: Eine Kritische Be- standsaufnahme." Afrika Spectrum 10, no. 3 (1975) : 245-262.

432. LEWIN, ROGER and GRIFFITHS CUNNINGHAM. "The prospects for ujamaa villages." In Self-Reliant Tanzania, edited by Knud Eric Svendsen and Merete Teisen, pp. 272-280. Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1969.

433. LOFCHIE, MICHAEL. "Agrarian crisis and economic liberalisation in Tanzania." The journal of modern African studies 16, no.3 (1978) : 451-475.

434. LOFCHIE, MICHAEL. "Agrarian socialism in the Third World: the Tanzanian case." Comparative politics 8, no. 3 (1976): 479- 499.

435. MAEDA, JUSTIN H. J. "Managing the ujamaa village development in Tanzania: an assessment of the implementation of the rural ujamaa policy." Paper presented at the sixteenth Inter-Afri- can Public Administration and Management Seminar, Banjul, the Gambia, 28th November-3rd December, 1977. Cited in Su- sanne Mueller, "Landing the middle peasantry'' (no. 442).

436. MAEDA, J. H. J. and IBRAHIM M. KADUMA. "Self-reliance and ujamaa: Tanzania's development strategy." In What now? The Daq Ham- marskjold report, pp. 54-59. Uppsala: Dag Hammarskjold Foun- dation, 1975. Summary of a longer paper they prepared for the 1975 Dag Hammarskjold Project.

437. 14APOLU, HENRY. "Mjadala na wakulima wa kijiji cha Isesa, wilaya ya Mwanza." LDebate with peasants of Isesa Ujamaa village, Mwanza district]. Maji Maji, no. 10 (1973) : 22-29.

438. MATANGO, R. R. "'Operation Mara:' the paradox of democracy." Maji Maji, no. 20 (1975) : 17-29.

4391 MBILINYI, MARJORIE J. "The transition to capitalism in rural Tanzania." (ERB paper 74.7). University of Dar es Salaam, 1974. 49 p. Relevant section is pp. 34-40.

440. McKINSEY & CO. Strengthening the ujamaa village programme: a progress review. Dar es Salaam: Government of Tanzania, 1974.

441. MIGOT-ADHOLLA, S. E. "Rural development policy and equality." In Politics and public policy in Kenya and Tanzania edited by Joel D. Barkan and John J. Okumu, PP. 154-178. New York:

L L

Praeger, 19 79.

442. MUELLER, SUSANNE D. "Landing the middle peasantry: Narodism in Tanzania." (Working paper no. 20). Brookline, Mass.: African Studies Center, Boston University, 1979. 32 p. Revised and to be published in Ralph Miliband and John Saville, eds., The Socialist Register (London: Merlin Press, 1980).

443. MUNGAI, JOSEPH H. "Ujamaa and rural development." Africa, no. 48 (1975) : 23-26.

444. mJF.NSASU, BISMARCK U. and C W F O R D P-TT, eds. Toward Socialism in Tanzania. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 243 p.

445. NDAWULA-KAJUMBA, S. "Is the selectiveness of wajamaa and the un- selectability of farm work a future problem for Tanzania's state farm sector." Paper presented at an ERB seminar, Uni- versity of Dar es Salaam, 6 August 1974. 20 p.

446. NGASONGWA, J. A. "An assessment of socialist rural transformation in Tanzania during the first decade of the Arusha Declara- tion." Mbioni 8, no. 7 (1977): 16-43.

447. NGOTYANA, R. "The strateqv of rural develowment: Tanzania's se- < A

cond five-year plan." The African communist, no. 39 (1969): 24-38. Reprinted as "The strategy of rural development" in Lionel Cliffe and John Saul, eds., Socialism in Tanzania, Vol. 2 (Dar es Salaam: EAPH, 1973), pp. 122-128.

448. NGUNANGWA, N. "Socialism and Tanzania rural strategy. " Maji Maji, no. 27 (1976) : 42-56.

449. NURSEY-BRAY, P. F. "Tanzania: the development debate." African Affairs 79, no. 314 (1980) : 55-78.

450. NYERERE, JULIUS K. The Arusha Declaration, ten years after. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1977. 51 p.

451. PUTTERMAN, LOUIS. "Is a democratic collective agriculture possible? Theorectical considerations and evidence from Tanzania." (Working paper no. 80-18). Department of Economics, Brown University, Providence , Rhode Island, 1980. 33 p.

452. PUTTERMAN, LOUIS. "l'he producers' organizational choice; theory and the case of the Tanzanian villages." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Economics, Yale University, 1980. 729 p. The dissertation is bound in two volumes.

453. PUTTERMAN, LOUIS. "Voluntary collectivization: a model of producers' institutional choice." Journal of Comparative Econo- mics 4 (1980): 125-157.

454. RAIKES, PHILIP. "Agrarian crisis and economic liberalisation in Tanzania: a comment." Journal of modern African studies 17, no. 2 (1979) : 309-316.

455. RAIKES, PHILIP L. "Economic evaluation criteria for ujamaa villages." (ERB paper 73.3). University of Dar es Salaam, 1973. 36 p.

456. RAIKES, PHILIP. "Settlement, villagization and ujamaa in Tanza- nia." (Centre for Development Research project paper D. 77.2). Copenhagen: Centre for Development Research,l977. 29 p. Draft of chapter 8 of a book in preparation to be titled State and agriculture in Tanzania.

457. RAIKES, PHILIP L. "Ujamaa vijijini and rural socialist development." Paper presented at the East African universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, December, 1973. 32 p. Republished by the Institute for Development Research, Co- penhagen as research paper A 74.4, 1974; and as "Ujamaa and rural socialism," Review of African political economy, no. 3 (1975): 33-52, with a postscript up-dating it to early 1975.

458. RAKE, ALAN. "Too soon to judge ujamaa yet." African development 9, no. 12 (1975) : 81 and 83.

459. RUPIA, J. A. J. "U~uhimu wa vijlji vya ujamaa katika maendeleo ya Tanzania." the importance of ujamaa villages in the development of ~anzanial. Ujamaa, no. 38 (1974): 1-68.

460. SANDBERG, AUDUN. "Ujamaa and control of environment." Paper presented at the East African universities social science conference, Dar es Salaam, December 1973. 23 p.

461. SEIDLITZ, PETER. "The failure of Tanzania's collective agriculture." Swiss review of world affairs 24, no. 10 (1975): 18-19.

462. SHIVJI, ISSA G. Class struggles in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: TPH, 1975. 182 p. Part 4, pp. 101-120, deals with Ujamaa villages.

463. SVENDSEN, K. E. "General problems of rural development policy in Tanzania." In Socialism in Tanzania, Vol. 2, edited by Lic- nel Cliffe and John Saul, nn. 180-185. Dar es Salaam: EAPH. 1973. Prepared in ~anuary i970.

464. SWEET, C. LOUISE. "Obstacles to the creation of collective villages in Tanzania: a discussion of ideology and administration." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association, Houston, Texas, November 1977. 24 p.

455. SWEET, C. LOUISE. "Rural equality versus rural development among the Luguru peoples of eastern-central Tanzania." Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1976. 575 p.

466. "Tanzania: ujamaa revisited." Africa confidential 19, no. 22 (1978) : 5-7.

467. TEMU, PETER E. "The ujamaa experiment." Ceres 6, no. 4 (1973): 71-75. Reprinted in Kwan Kim, Robert B. Mabele and Pdichael J. Schultheis, eds., Papers on the political economy of Tan- zania (Nairobi: Heinemann, 1979) , pp. 197-201.

468. ZEGGE, BARNABAS K., et al., "A performance analysis of Upper- Kitete Ujamaa Village." Paper prepared for the Office of the Prime Minister and Second Vice President, Rural Development Division, Dar es Salaam. 1973. Cited in Rolf D. Baldus, g Operational en Effiziens der Ujamaa Kooperative Tanzanias (no. 333).

469. ZEGGE, BARNABAS K. "Ujamaa Villages Program: Past and Present." Paper presented at the Workshop on Development from Below, Addis Ababa, October, 1973. Cited in James Kocher and Be- verly Fleisher Bibliography on rural development in Tanzania (no. 481).

E. General Sources: Journals. Newsnaners & Biblioqranhies

There is one journal which has been devoted almost entirely to material on ujamaa villages and there are several newspapers which have contained relevant articles almost daily. Several bibliographies, mentioned in the introduction, are listed in this section.

1. Journals

470. Ujamaa ieo (Dar es Salaam). Published irregularly since May 1974. Issued by the Prime Minister's Office.

2. Newspapers

471. Daily News (Dar es Salaam). Published siz days each week since 26 April 1972. Owned by the government. Formed by the merger of The Standard and the Nationalist.

472. Mzalendo (Dar es Salaam). The sunday Swahili newspaper published by the party since 30 April 1972.

473. Nationalist (Dar es Salaam). Party newspaper published between 17 April 1964 and 25 April 1972.

474. The Standard (Dar es Salaam). Privately owned from 1929 to Feb- ruarv 1970, when the sovernment nationalized the DaDer. Ori- L L

ginaily appeared as the Tanganyika Standard. Since January 1965 it appeared as The Standard and the Tanzania Standard. Published six times a week until 25 April 1972 when it mer- ged with the Nationalist to form the Daily News.

475. Sunday News (Dar es Salaam). The sunday issue of the Standard/ Daily News. Government owned since February 1970.

476. Uhuru (Dar es Salaam). Swahili newspaper published six times a week since 1961. Owned by the party.

477. Ushirika (Dar es Salaam). Monthly newspaper published by the Co- operative Union of Tanganyika since 1964.

3. Bibliographies

478. DE VRIES, JAMES. Selected bibliography on agricultural extension in Tanzania. (Technical paper no. 3). Morogoro: Department of Rural Economy, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Vete- rinary Science, University of Dar es Salaam, 1978. 44 p.

479. HUNDSDBRFER, VOLHARD and WOLFGANG KUPER. Bibliographie zur So- zialwissenschaftlichen Erforschung Tanzanias. ;Bibliography for social science research in Tanzania]. (Arnold-Berq- straesser-Institut, Materialien zu ~ntw;cklung und Poiitik, 6.). Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1974. 231 p.

480. KAI-SAMBA, IBRAHIM B.; SALUM S. MBWANA and VALLERY G. MAHOMBA. Development for self-reliance: a bibliography of contribu- tions from the Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Veteri- nary Science, University of Dar es Salaam, 1967-1977. (Lib- rarv occasional uaoer). Moroqoro: The Librarv. Facultv of * - . 2 .

Agriculture, Forestry and veterinary Science, university of Dar es Salaam, December 1977. 154 p. Citations in this bibliography are to materials found in the Library of-the faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Science, Uni- versity of Dar es Salaam, Morogoro.

81. KOCHER, JAMES E. and BEVERLY FLEISCHER. A bibliography on rural development in Tanzania. (MSU rural development paper no. 3). East Lansing: Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, 1979. 77 p. The co-author's name is mis- spelled on the cover: it should be Fleisher. The bibliography is a revised version of one with the same title by James Kocher published as development discussion paper no. 30, Harvard Institute for International Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, June, 1977, 30 p.

482. MOLLER, TIES, compiler. Tansania: Ujamaa und Entwicklungsplanung - ausgewahlte Neuere Literatur. Tanzania: ujamaa and development - selected new literaturhi. (Dokumentationsdienst ~fkika, 4). Hamburg: Deutsches ~nstitut fur Afrika-Forschung, 1972. 65 p.

483. MOLLER, TIES and ANNE JANSEN, compilers and editors. Wirtschafts-, Agrar- und Sozialpolitik in Ostafrika (Kenia, Tansania) - ausgewahlte neuere Literatur. LEconomic, agricultural and social policy in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania) - selected recent literature]. (Dokumentationsdienst Afrika, Reihe A, 8). Hamburg: Deutsches Institut fiir Afrika-Forschung, 1974. 189p.

484. SUMAR, M. and E. McGEE, compilers. National policies of Tanzania: a bibliography. Dar es Salaam: Tanganyika Library Service, 1972. 66 p.

485. TANZANIA LIBRARY SERVICE. Subject index to "The Nationalist" 1964 - 1972. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Library Service, 1977. 250 p. Relevant citations are classified under Tanzania, ~jamaa and Ujamaa villages, pp. 216-219.

486. "Tanzania bibliography." Tanzania notes and records, published each year usually in July. Compiled from 1968 to 1974 by B .W. Langlands .

111 , INDEXES

A. S u b j e c t Index

I n a d d i t i o n t o a v a r i e t y o f t o p i c a l e n t r i e s , t h e s u b j e c t i n d e x i n c l u- d e s a l i s t i n g o f t h e v i l l a g e s / u j a m a a v i l l a g e s which have been t h e s u b j e c t o f s t u d y . Each v i l l a g e i s l i s t e d i n c a p i t a l l e t t e r s and i s f o l l o w e d by a c i t a t i o n of t h e d i s t r i c t i n which t h e v i l l a g e i s loca- t e d . D i s t r i c t h e a d i n g s i n c l u d e t h e s t u d i e s o f v i l l a q e s t h a t f a l l i n t h e g i v e n d i s t r i c t ; r e g i o n a l h e a d i n g s do n o t i n c l u d e t h e s t u d i e s of v i l l a g e s which f a l l i n t h e g i v e n r e g i o n . O t h e r g e o g r a p h i c a l head ings a r e i n c l u d e d i f t h e y were t h e u n i t w i t h i n which ujamaa v i l l a g e s were s t u d i e s .

A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n , 185 , 187 , 189-191, 195 , 202, 203, 213, 214, 219, 225; e v a l u a t i o n o f , 1 8 8 , 193 , 1 9 4 , 199 , 207; p l a n n i n g a n d , 205, 215, 217, 219; t r a i n i n g of a g e n t s f o r , 196 , 209-211, 220; s e e a l s o Government s t a f f , a g r i c u l t u r e

A g r i c u l t u r a l m a r k e t i n g , 244; s e e a l s o C o o p e r a t i v e s

A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , 6 , 26, 175 , 241, 257, 263, 265, 268, 273, 346, 350; e f f e c t o f v i l l a q e s on, 433, 434, 454, 457; cashew n u t , 135; c o f f e e 242; d a i r y , 46, 248; e g g , 247; f i s h , 1 4 , 254; l i v e - s t o c k , 232, 233; maize , 250; seaweed, 253; s i s a l , 129 , 246; t e a , 46; t o b a c c o , 115 , 1 5 4 , 241, 242, 249, 255, 411; v e g e t a b l e , 231; whea t , 245, 259; s e e a l s o Communal a c t i v i t i e s , a g r i c u l t u r e

Arumeru d i s t r i c t , 198 , 320, 452

Arusha d i s t r i c t , 126

Arusha r e g i o n , 356, 358

Bagamoyo d i s t r i c t , 1 9 , 98 , 178 , 229

BENDERA ( P a r e ) , 198

B e s t v i l l a g e award: r e a s o n s f o r p r i z e , 197; winning v i l l a g e s i n 1972, 198; winning v i l l a g e s i n 1975, 229

Biharamulo d i s t r i c t , 84, 35, 229

BISUMWA (Musoma) , 272

Block f a r m s , 101 , 410

B o o k / a r t i c l e r e v i e w s , 416, 434, 242, 454

BUKABUYE (Bukoba) , 108

BUKANGARA (Karagwe) , 160

Bukoba d i s t r i c t , 42, 46, 69 , 108 , 198, 326, 329, 330, 381

BUNJU (Mzimzima) , 331

BUTIAMA (Musoma), 118, 162 , 167 , 276

Bwakira C h i n i s e t t l e m e n t (Florogoro) , 1

C e n t r a l Hai d i v i s i o n ( K i l i m a n j a r o ) , 110

CHAKACHANI (Tanga) , 150

CHAMWINO (Dodoma R u r a l ) , 157

CHANGALIKWA (Korogwe), 11, 132 , 164, 347

CHEKERENI (Moshi) , 59, 358

C H I K U N D I ( L i n d i ) , 1 9 8 ,

CHOLOLO (Dodoma) , 276

Chunya d i s t r i c t , 198

C o a s t r e g i o n , 66, 198 , 331, 409

Communal a c t i v i t i e s : A q r i c u l t u r a l : 64 ,258 , 320, 323, 324, 334, 434; i n Bukoba D i s t - r i c t , 326; Handeni D i s t r i c t , 265, 315; Lushoto D i s t r i c t , 231; Musoma D i s t r i c t , 118 ; Njombe D i s t r i c t , 175; R u f i j i D i s t r i c t , 152 ; Sumbawanga D i s t r i c t , 245; Uf ipa D i s t r i c t , 268; i n I r i n g a Region, 262, 404; Mwanza Region, 263, 264; Tanga Region, 44, 46, 123; West Lake Region, 179;

N o n- a g r i c u l t u r a l : 122 , 320, 307; i n Musoma D i s t r i c t , 118; T r a d i t i o n a l : 56, 332; s e e a l s o i t e m s i n S e c t i o n I1 B2

Comparison w i t h o t h e r u n d e r t a k i n g s : China , USSR and Mexico, 379; China , Vietnam and I n d i a , 361; Fokonolona i n Madagascar , 383; Kenya, 367

C o n s t i t u t i o n s ; v i l l a g e , 323

C o o p e r a t i v e s , 8 8 , 89, 96, 97 , 206, 216, 275, 287, 408; d i s b a n d i n g o f , 35; f i s h i n g , 1 4 ; l e a d e r s o f , 223; m a r k e t i n g , 22; m u l t i - p u r p o s e , 36, 109 , 282, 338; t r a d i t i o n a l fo rms , 3 , 100

C r e d i t , 223, 234, 237-242, 252, 260, 261, 386; s e e a l s o N a t i o n a l De- ve lopment C o r p o r a t i o n and R u r a l S a v i n g s and C r e d i t Scheme

Dodoma r e g i o n , 6 4 , 128 , 321, 323, 324, 358, 362, 381

Dodoma R u r a l d i s t r i c t , 11, 128 , 157, 200, 229, 272, 276, 362

E c o n o m y , 1 7 5 , 2 7 5 ; see a l so A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , I n d u s t r y a n d P r o d u c t i v e forces

E d u c a t i o n , 2 8 0 , 2 8 4 , 3 0 4 , 3 0 5 , 3 1 1 , 3 1 4 ; a d u l t , 2 1 9 , 2 9 0 , 2 9 1 ; l i b - rar ies , 2 7 1 ; p o l i t i c a l e d u c a t i o n m a t e r i a l s , 2 7 3 , 2 7 5 , 2 7 7 , 2 8 5 , 2 9 3- 2 9 5 , 3 0 1- 3 0 3 ; see a l so A g r i c u l t u r a l e x t e n s i o n , t r a i n i n g o f a g e n t s , R u r a l T r a i n i n g C e n t e r , a n d V i l l a g e M a n a g e m e n t T r a i n i n g P r o g r a m m e

ENDAKISO ( H a n a n g ) , 3 2 0 , 3 5 8

E v a l u a t i o n o f , 3 3 7 , 3 6 0 ; see a l s o i t e m s i n S e c t i o n I1 D2

F i s h i n g , see A g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t i o n , f i s h

F o r e i g n a s s i s t a n c e , 1 2 3 , 3 1 2

F o r m a t i o n o f v i l l a g e s / u j a m a a v i l l a g e s , 3 3 3 , 3 3 5 , 3 4 0 , 3 4 2 , 3 5 1 , 3 5 7 , 3 6 0 , 3 7 6 , 4 5 7 ; g o v e r n m e n t a d v i c e , 2 7 3 , 2 7 5 ; i n Dodoma d i s t r i c t , 2 0 0 ; i n I r i n g a d i s t r i c t , 9 0 , 9 4 , 4 1 2 ; i n Mwanza r e g i o n , 1 5 1 ; i n T a n g a r e g i o n , 1 2 3 ; i n West L a k e r e g i o n , 4 5 ; u s e o f f o r c e i n , 2 9 , 3 9 , 8 0 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 4 ; v i l l a g i z a t i o n , 4 5 , 3 3 8 , 3 7 1 , 4 3 0 ; see a l s o O p e r a t i o n V i j i j i , P r o b l e m s a n d S e c t i o n I1 B 1

GAIRO ( K i l o s a ) , 2 6 0

GALLU ( U k e r e w e ) , 3 2 2

GAVAO-SAWENI ( P a r e ) , 1 6 5

G e i t a d i s t r i c t , 4 9 , 1 0 6 , 2 2 9 , 2 6 3

GEZAULOLE ( T e m e k e ) , 2 2 9

G o v e r n m e n t s t a f f , 4 6 , 5 2 , 9 5 , 1 1 0 , 1 2 1 , 1 2 3 , 1 9 2 , 3 3 3 , 3 5 6 , 4 5 7 , 4 6 2 ; a s r i c u l t u r e . 1 8 6 . 2 0 1 . 2 0 8 . 3 5 0 : c o m m u n i t v d e v e l o ~ m e n t . 2 0 0 . 230 ; - t e c h n i c a l , 3 1 2 ; Lee aiso ~ b l i t i c a l party leahers; ' ~ u r a i c a d r e a n d c o o p e r a t i v e s

GUA ( C h u n y a ) , 1 9 8

H a n a n g d i s t r i c t , 2 2 9 , 3 2 0 , 4 5 2

H a n d e n i d i s t r i c t , 11, 9 2 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 1 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 9 , 1 3 2 , 1 3 8 , 1 4 9 , 1 5 0 , 1 7 2 , 1 9 2 , 2 4 6 , 2 6 5 , 3 0 0 , 3 1 5

H e a l t h , 2 7 6

H o n g i s e t t l e m e n t ( M b i n g a ) , 1 0 0

H o u s i n g , 2 7 2 , 3 0 6

IBANDA ( G e i t a ) , 2 6 3

I c h u n g u d i v i s i o n ( N o r t h M a r a ) , 4 3 8

I d e o l o g y , 2 7 , 3 0 , 1 2 3 , 2 5 7 , 2 7 5 , 3 5 4 , 4 3 1 , 4 3 2 ; N y e r e r e ' s f o r m u l a t i o n , 3 1- 3 9 , 4 5 0 ; as p o l i c y , 2 6 , 2 9 , 6 4

IDIBO ( K i l o s a ) , 2 6 0

IGONGOLA ( N j o m b e ) 1 3 4

I G O S I ( N j o m b e ) , 2 2 9

IGULA ( I r i n g a ) , 4 1 2

I k o w a s e t t l e m e n t (Dodoma) , 11

I K W I R I R I ( R u f i j i ) , 3 3 1

IMALAMPAKA ( T a b o r a ) , 1 5 4

I n e q u a l i t y ; r u r a l , 4 4 , 8 7 , 9 3 , 9 4 , 1 0 5 , 1 7 5 , 3 2 8 , 3 3 5 , 4 1 2 , 4 3 9 ; see a l s o P e a s a n t r y , k u l a k s

I n d u s t r i e s ; s m a l l s c a l e , 1 1 0 , 1 2 3 , 2 7 8 , 2 8 9 , 3 3 3

I r a m b a d i s t r i c t , 1 9 7 , 2 4 8

I r i n g a d i s t r i c t , 9 1 , 9 2 , 2 4 1 , 2 4 9 , 2 5 5 , 4 0 4 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 2 ; see a l s o I s m a n i d i v i s i o n

I r i n g a r e g i o n , 6 4 , 1 2 0 , 1 8 8 , 2 4 2 , 2 6 2 , 3 2 3 , 3 2 4 , 3 5 6 , 4 0 4

IRUMYA ( M w a n ~ a ) , 2 6 3

ISANSA-ITUMPI ( M b o z i ) , 1 3 6

ISESA ( M w a n z a ) , 1 5 1 , 4 3 7

I s m a n i d i v i s i o n ( I r i n g a ) , 9 0 , 9 3 , 9 4 , 1 0 5 , 2 0 8 , 2 5 0 , 3 8 1 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 2

I T I G A , 1 8 2

I t o b o w a r d ( N z e g a ) , 1 5 9

ITUMBA ( R u n g w e ) , 1 1 3

ITUNUNU ( S e r e n g e t i ) , 2 2 9

IWINDI ( M b e y a ) , 2 7 2

K

KABUKU-NDAPJI ( H a n d e n i ) , 1 1 9 , 1 2 9 , 1 3 2 , 2 4 6 , 3 1 5

Kahama d i s t r i c t , 1 9 8 , 2 2 9

K a l e b e z o w a r d ( G e i t a ) , 1 0 6

KANDAGESHO ( K a r a g w e ) , 1 6 0

KANGABUSHARO ( B u k o b a ) , 3 3 0

K a r a g w e d i s t r i c t , 4 6 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 1 6 0

K a r u m e S m a l l h o l d e r s s e t t l e m e n t ( I r i n g a ) , 2 5 6

KASAMWA ( G e i t a ) , 2 6 3

KASOLOLO (Kwimba) , 26 3

K a s u l u d i s t r i c t , 2 2 9 , 2 7 6

K a t o m a s e t t l e m e n t ( B u k o b a R u r a l ) , 9 9

KATORO ( G e i t a ) , 2 6 3

KEREGE ( B a g a m o y o ) , 1 9 , 1 7 8

KIBIMBA ( K a r a g w e ) , 1 6 0

K i b o n d o d i s t r i c t , 5 4 , 7 7 , 8 2 , 1 9 8 , 3 8 9 , 3 9 0

KICHEBA ( M u h e z a ) , 4 2 , 1 3 7

K i g o m a r e g i o n , 6 4 , 8 2 , 1 7 7 , 3 2 3 , 3 2 4 , 3 8 9 , 3 9 0

KIGOMBE ( T a n g a ) , 1 4

KIGONIGONI ( P a r e ) , 1 6 5

KIGWE ( D o d o m a ) , 2 2 9

KIHANGI ( M b i n g a ) , 1 6 9 , 2 2 9

KIHINDA ( K a r a g w e ) , 1 6 0

KIHITU-NGWELO ( L u s h o t o ) , 3 2 8

KIHOROGOTA ( I r i n g a ) , 4 1 2

KILEO ( P a r e ) , 4 3 , 1 6 5

K i l i m a n j a r o d i s t r i c t , 1 1 0

K i l i m a n j a r o r e g i o n , 6 4 , 1 1 0 , 111, 3 2 3 , 3 2 4 , 3 5 8

KILIMELILE ( B u k o b a ) , 3 3 0

K i l o m b e r o d i s t r i c t , 4 5 2

K i l o s a d i s t r i c t , 1 9 8 , 2 6 0 , 3 2 7 , 4 5 2

KIMUNYU-MAKANYA ( P a r e ) , 1 6 5

KIPENGERE (N j o m b e ) , 1 9 8

KISAKI ( M o r o g o r o ) , 1 6 1 , 2 2 9

K i s a r a w e d i s t r i c t , 6 6 , 1 4 7 , 1 7 6

KITAMA I1 ( N e w a l a ) , 1 3 5

KITUMBI-CHANIKA ( H a n d e n i ) , 1 2 3 , 1 5 0

KIWANDA ( T a n g a ) , 11, 3 4 7

KIWERE ( I r i n g a ) , 2 5 6 , 3 5 9

K o n d o a d i s t r i c t , 1 1 6 , 1 2 8 , 1 3 3 , 1 9 8 , 3 6 2

K o r o g w e d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 2 5 , 1 3 2 , 1 6 4 , 3 4 7

KWAMANGUGU ( H a n d e n i ) , 11, 9 2 , 1 5 0

KWAMSISI ( K o r o g w e ) , 1 2 5

KIWANGWA ( B a g a m o y o ) , 2 2 9

KWEMWEWE ( T a n g a ) , 1 5 8

Kwimba d i s t r i c t , 1 9 8 , 2 6 3

K y e l a d i s t r i c t , 1 3

L

L a n d t e n u r e , 2 1 , 6 2 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 9 3 , 1 0 6 , 2 4 3 ; c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r p r o p e r t y , 5 3

L a w s , 5 3 , 6 5 , 8 3 ; see a l so V i l l a g e s a n d U j a m a a V i l l a g e s A c t o f 1 9 7 5

L e a d e r s h i p , 1 0 6 , 2 7 3 , 2 7 5 , 3 1 5 , 3 1 8 , 3 2 2

L i n d i d i s t r i c t , 1 9 8 , 2 2 9

LITOWA ( S o n g e a ) , 1 0 , 2 0 , 1 0 4 , 1 4 5 , 1 7 0 , 1 8 0 , 1 9 8 , 2 8 2 , 3 1 1 , 3 1 4 , 3 1 9

LIWETA ( S o n g e a ) , 1, 2 8 2

LOTIMA ( M o s h i ) , 5 9

LUGAZE ( B u k o b a ) , 3 3 0

LUPALE (Rungwe) , 2 7 6

LUPEMBE ( N j o m b e ) , 2 1 6

L u s h o t o . d i s t r i c t , 3 , 5 0 , 1 3 2 , 1 5 3 , 1 5 5 , 1 8 1 , 2 3 1 , 3 2 8 , 3 7 4 , 4 1 7

L u s h o t o I n t e g r a t e d D e v e l o p m e n t P r o g r a m m e , 5 0

LWAMI ( P a r e ) , 2 2 9

LWANZALI ( N j o m b e ) , 4 2 6

LYEHELAGI ( G e i t a ) , 229

M

M a a s i l a n d : E n g ' a r u k a i a n d K o m o l o n i k areas ( M a s a i ) , 7 8

MADINGO ( L i n d i ) , 229

I*IAGODA ( N j o m b e ) , 4 2 6

MAHOMA-MAKULU (Dodoma) , 2 7 2

MAKUNDUSI (Musoma) , 1 6 6

MALIBWI ( L u s h o t o ) , 5 0

MALILI ( M w a n z a ) , 1 3 9 , 1 5 1 , 1 6 3 , 2 6 3

MALOCHA (Surnbawanga) , 2 4 5 , 2 9 3

MALYA (Kwimba) , 1 9 8

MANDAMAZINGARA ( B a g a m o y o ) , 1 7 8

MANGAWE ( I r i n g a ) , 4 1 2

M a n ' g o n y i s e t t l e m e n t ( S i n g i d a ) , 11

Manka-iCbaga s e t t l e m e n t ( P a r e ) , 1 6 5

M a r a r e g i o n , 6 1 , 1 3 5 , 1 6 7 , 4 4 8

MARANZARA ( M u h e z a ) , 3 2 8

MAREU ( A r u m e r u ) , 1 2 6 , 3 2 0 , 3 5 8

Masai d i s t r i c t , 7 8 , 1 4 6

MASAIKA ( P a n g a n i ) , 1 5 0

MATETEREKA ( S o n g e a ) , 1 4 2 , 2 8 2

M a t o n g o r o s e t t l e m e n t ( M p w a p w a ) , 11

Mbaga w a r d ( P a r e ) , 7 4

MI3AMl3ARA ( M u h e z a ) , 11, 9 2 , 1 0 3 , 1 3 1 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 4 , 1 7 7 , 1 8 4 , 2 2 9 , 2 8 2 , 3 4 7

MBARIKA (Mwanza) , 1 3 2

Mbeya d i s t r i c t , 7 2 , 2 7 2

Mbeya r e g i o n , 2 4 2 , 3 3 5 , 3 8 0

MBINDU, 2 3 0

M b i n g a d i s t r i c t , 7 1 , 1 0 0 , 1 6 9 , 2 2 9

M b o z i d i s t r i c t , 1 3 6

M b u l u d i s t r i c t , 7 , 1 9 , 3 1 7 , 3 8 1 , 4 6 8

M b u t u s e t t l e m e n t ( N g e z a ) , 11

MCHAKAMCHAKA ( M p a n d a ) , 229

M e c h a n i z a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r e , 2 2 7 , 251

METANAMCHACHA ( N e w a l a ) , 229

MGATA ( M o r o g o r o ) , 1 6 8

M g o r i Dam s e t t l e m e n t ( S i n g i d a ) , 11

MGWASHI ( L u s h o t o ) , 3 2 8

MINJALE, 1 9 8

MIWALENI ( M o s h i ) , 5 9

MKATA ( M o r o g o r o ) , 5 5

MKINGA LEO ( T a n g a ) , 1 2 3

MKOKA (Mpwapwa) , 3 2 0

MKONGO ( R u f i j i ) , 1 5 2

MKUNGUGU ( I r i n g a ) , 4 1 2

M l a l e s e t t l e m e n t ( S o n g e a ) , 1 9

MLESA ( L u s h o t o ) , 3 2 8

MLOWA-BARABARANI ( D o d o m a ) , 3 5 8

MNG'ARO ( L u s h o t o ) , 1 5 5

M o d e s o f p r o d u c t i o n , 2 3 3 , 2 3 5 , 2 6 6 , 3 5 9 , 4 4 2

MONJO ( L u s h o t o ) , 2 3 1

M o r o g o r o d i s t r i c t , 1, 5 5 , 7 3 , 1 6 1 , 1 6 8 , 2 2 9 , 2 4 7 , 4 5 2

M o r o g o r o r e g i o n , 1 2 4 , 1 6 1 , 3 5 6 , 3 8 8

M o s h i d i s t r i c t , 5 9 , 1 1 0 , 1 5 6 , 3 3 0

MOYA MAYOKA ( H a n a n g ) , 2 2 9 , 3 2 0

MPANDA ( R u n g w e ) , 2 2 9

l l p a n d a d i s t r i c t , 1 9 8 , 2 2 9

MPUNGUZI ( D o d o m a ) , 2 7 6

Mpwapwa d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 1 7 , 1 4 8 , 1 7 3 , 3 2 0 . 3 2 7

MRIJO CHIN1 ( K o n d o a ) , 1 9 8

MSAJE ( H a n d e n i ) , 1 4 9

MSANGE ( S l n g i d a ) , 2 2 9

MSETA (Mpwapwa) , 11, 1 1 7 , 3 2 0 , 3 5 8

MSOLWA ( U l a n g a ) , 1 6 1

MSOWERO ( K i l o s a ) , 1 9 8

MTAKUJA ( M o s h i ) , 5 9 , 1 5 6 , 3 3 0

MTAKUJA ( M p a n d a ) , 1 9 8

MTANANA (Mpwapwa) , 1 4 8 , 1 7 3

MTUUNANI ( K i s a r a w e ) , 1 4 7

M t w a r a r e g i o n , 1 9 8

M u h e z a d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 0 3 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 4 , 1 7 7 , 1 8 4 , 2 2 9 , 2 8 2 , 3 2 8 , 3 4 7 ; see a l s o T a n g a d i s t r i c t

MULEMBULE ( L u s h o t o ) , 1 3 2

Musoma D i s t r i c t , 9 , 1 7 , 1 9 , 6 7 , 1 1 8 , 1 6 2 , 1 6 6 , 1 6 7 , 2 7 2 , 2 7 6

MVUMI ( K i l o s a ) , 2 6 0

MWALO ( K a h a m a ) , 1 9 8

MWAMAKOGE (Kwimba) , 2 6 3

MWAMASHELE ( S h i n y a n g a ) , 2 7 6

MWANGAZA ( B i h a r a m u l o ) , 2 2 9

Mwanza d i s t r i c t , 5 7 , 1 3 2 , 1 3 9 , 1 5 1 , 1 6 3 , 2 6 3

Mwanza r e g i o n , 7 0 , 2 6 3 , 2 6 4

MWONGOSO ( T e m e k e ) , 2 7 2

l ~ l z i m z i ~ ~ a d i s t r i c t , 3 3 1

N

NAMIKUNDA ( M a s a i ) , 1 4 6

N a n s i o B e a c h ( U k e r e w e ) , 2 5 4

N a r o d i s m , 4 4 2

N a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t C o r p o r a t i o n , 289

NDOROBONI ( K o n d o a ) , 1 3 3

N d u l i s e t t l e m e n t ( I r i n g a ) , 9 1 , 9 2

N d u r u g u n i s e t t l e m e n t ( H a n d e n i ) , 11

N e w a l a d i s t r i c t , 1 3 5 , 2 2 9

NGAMU ( S i n g i d a ) , 1 3 0

N g a r a d i s t r i c t , 4 4 , 46

NGORONGO ( R u f i j i) , 3 3 1

Ngunlbo s u b d i v i s i o n ( M b i n g a ) , 7 1

NGUNGA ( t d w a n z a ) , 2 6 3

N j o m b e d i s t r i c t , 1 3 4 , 1 4 1 , 1 7 5 , 1 9 8 , 2 1 6 , 2 2 9 , 2 4 1 , 4 2 6

NKAMA ( H a n d e n i ) , 1 3 8

NKAIMAI ( L u s h o t o ) , 3 2 8

NKULABI (Dodoma) , 2 7 6

NKWINI ( P a r e ) , 4 3 , 1 6 5

N o r t h M a r a d i s t r i c t , 4 3 8

NTOBEYE ( N g a r a ) , 4 4 , 4 6

N u t r i t i o n a l s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y , 2 9 7

NYABIHANGA ( N g a r a ) , 4 6

NYAGWIJIMA ( K i b o n d o ) , 1 9 8

N y a k u s a , 1 3

N y a l u b e r e s e t t l e m e n t ( G e i t a ) , 49

NYAMVURA, 1 9 8

NYANGUGE (b lwanza) , 1 5 1

NYAVYUMBU ( K i b o n d o ) , 5 4

N z e g a d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 5 9

0

OLJORO ( A r u m e r u ) , 1 9 8 , 3 2 0

OMKAGANDO ( K a r a g w e ) , 1 6 0

OMURUNAZI ( B u k o b a ) , 4 2 , 3 2 6

O p e r a t i o n M a d u k a , 1 0 4 ; see a l s o S h o p s , c o m m u n a l

O p e r a t i o n N g o d a n o , 8 2 ; see a l s o H o u s i n g

O p e r a t i o n V i j i j i ; i n I r i n g a d i s t r i c t , 3 4 2 ; i n K i l i m a n j a r o d i s t r i c t , 1 1 0 ; i n R u f i j i d i s t r i c t , 4 0 9 , 4 6 0 ; i n S h i n y a n g a d i s t r i c t , 7 0 ; i n T a r i m e d i s t r i c t , 6 0 ; i n C o a s t r e g i o n , 6 6 ; i n Dodoma r e g i o n , 1 2 8 , 3 6 2 , 3 8 1 ; i n K i g o m a r e g i o n , 8 2 , 1 7 7 , 3 7 8 , 3 8 9 , 3 9 0 ; i n M a r a r e g i o n , 6 1 , 1 6 7 , 4 3 8 ; i n West L a k e r e g i o n , 8 5

O r g a n i z a t i o n , 6 , 1 1 8 , 1 2 3 , 1 5 1 , 2 5 7 , 2 7 3 , 2 7 5 , 3 2 0 , 3 4 5 , 3 5 3

P

P a n g a n i d i s t r i c t , 1 2 3 , 1 5 0 , 1 9 2

PANYAKOO ( T a r i m e ) , 1 9 8

P a r e d i s t r i c t , 4 3 , 7 4 , 1 6 5 , 1 9 8 , 2 2 9

P e a s a n t r y , 9 1 1 2 3 , 1 8 6 , 3 2 7 ; K u l a k s , 6 , 8 7 , 1 1 4 , 1 9 2 , 2 2 1 , 3 1 2 ; m i d d l e p e a s a n t s , 4 4 2 , see a l s o V i l l a g e r s

P l a n n i n g ; o f v i l l a g e s , 6 9 , 8 1 , 1 2 1 , 4 4 7 ; i n v i l l a g e s , 1 2 3 , 2 0 4 , 2 0 5 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 7 , 2 7 9 , 2 9 8 , 2 9 9 , 3 1 3

P o l i t i c a l p a r t y l e a d e r s , 5 2 , 6 4 , 2 2 4 ; see a l s o G o v e r n m e n t s t a f f a n d R u r a l c a d r e

Problems :

In the formation of: 150, 347, 351, 352, 354, 360, 363, 448, 464; economic differentiation, 87, 91; Operation Vijiji, 70, 438; in Bukoba district, 42; in Kibondo district, 54; in Kili- manjaro district, 68; in Morogoro district, 168; in Musoma district, 67; in Runqwe district, 113; in Kilimanjaro region, 62; in Mwanza region, 151; in West Lake region, 76; In the operation of: 64, 123, 150, 175, 351, 352, 439, 448; accounting, 286; agricultural production, 255, 433

Productive forces; development of, 374

Records: Bookkeeping, 286, 309; Budgeting, .227; Finance, 273

Registration of, 202, 243; see also Villages and Ujamaa Villages Act of 1975

Religion, 288, 292

Rufiji district, 152, 331, 409, 410, 460

RUGAZE (Bukoba) , 198, 326 RUGAZI (Nyerere) (Bukoba) , 69 RUHITA ( K ~ s u ~ u ) , 229, 276 Ruiwa settlement (Mbeya) , 72 RUKURAIJO (Karagwe) , 160 Rungwe district, 13,113, 114, 229, 276

Rural cadre, 58, 230, 360

Rural Savings and Credit Scheme, 310

Rural Training Center, 185, 244

Ruvuma Development Association (RDA), 1, 2, 4, 5 , 10, 52, 140, 183, 282, 314, 353, 381; see also Litowa, Liweta and Matetereka

Rwamkoma settlement (Musoma) , 9, 17, 19

SALALA (Iramba), 198

SANGAIWE (Mbulu) , 317 SEGERA (Handeni), 11, 123, 132, 172

Serengeti district, 229

SESENGA (Morogoro) , 124 Settlements: pre 1967, 1, 4, 8, 15, 24, 64, 98, 243, 296, 378, 396,

456; see also Village Settlement Programme, TANU Youth League Settlements and Ruvuma Development Association

S h i n y a n g a d i s t r i c t , 7 0 , 2 7 6

S H I R I MATUNDA ( M o s h i ) , 5 9 , 1 1 0

S h o p s : Communa l , 3 0 7 , 3 0 8 ; see a l s o O p e r a t i o n M a d u k a

SINGE ( A r u s h a r e g i o n ) , 3 5 8

S i n g i d a d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 3 0 , 2 2 9

S o c i a l services, 6 0 , 2 8 3 , 3 5 7 , 4 3 1

S o n g e a d i s t r i c t , 1, 1 0 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 1 4 0 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 4 , 1 4 5 , 1 7 0 , 1 8 0 , 1 8 3 , 1 9 8 , 2 8 2 , 3 1 1 , 3 1 4

SOTELE B ( K i s a r a w e ) , 1 7 6

STAHABU ( P a n g a n i ) , 1 2 3

S t a t e f a r m s , 4 4 5

S t a t i s t i c s , 5 1 , 2 9 5 , 3 9 7

S t o r a g e : crop, 2 2 7 , 2 7 4

S u k u m a l a n d , 1 1 2 , 1 4 3 , 3 7 4

S u m b a w a n g a d i s t r i c t , 2 4 5 , 2 9 3

SUWA, 1 9 8

SWAILA (Surnbawanga) , 2 4 5

TANU Y o u t h L e a g u e s e t t l e m e n t s , 4 , 5 , 1 6 ; see a l s o Ruvuma D e v e l o p m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n

T a b o r a d i s t r i c t , 1 5 4 , 2 2 9

T a n g a d i s t r i c t , 11, 1 4 , 4 9 , 9 2 , 1 2 3 , 1 3 1 , 1 3 7 , 1 5 0 , 1 5 8

T a n g a r e g i o n , 9 5 , 1 2 3 , 1 7 4 , 1 9 8

T a n z a n i a R u r a l D e v e l o p m e n t B a n k , 2 3 1 , 2 4 0- 2 4 2 , 2 5 2 , 2 6 0 , 2 6 1 ; see a l s o C r e d i t T a r i m e d i s t r i c t , 6 0 , 1 9 8

T e c h n o l o g y , 6 , 2 6 9 , 2 7 0 , 2 7 4 ; see also M e c h a n i z a t i o n o f a g r i c u l t u r e

T e m e k e d i s t r i c t , 2 2 9 , 2 7 2

T r a n s p o r t , 2 2 7 , 2 3 6

TuMBAKOSE ( K o n d o a ) , 1 1 6

TUMBILINI, 1 3 2

U

UBIRI ( L u s h o t o ) , 1 8 1

U f i p a d i s t r i c t , 2 6 8

U h a m b u l e s e t . t l e m e n t ( M b e y a ) , 7 2

U k e r e w e d i s t r i c t , 2 5 4 , 3 2 2

UKONDAMOYO ( T a b o r a ) , 2 2 9

U l a n g a d i s t r i c t , 1 2 7 , 1 6 1

UPPER KITETE ( M b u l u ) , 7 , 1 9 , 3 8 1 , 4 6 8

URORI ( M o s h i ) , 59

U s a m b a r a , W e s t e r n ; see L u s h o t o d i s t r i c t

U s a n g u p l a i n ( M b e y a ) , 7 2 , 8 7

v V i l l a g e M a n a g e m e n t T r a i n i n g P r o g r a m m e , 2 1 8 , 2 2 2 ; p u b l i c a t i o n s o f , 2 2 7

V i l l a g e S e t t l e m e n t P r o g r a m m e , 1, 4 , 1 7- 1 9 , 2 1 , 2 3 , 2 9 , 6 4 , 3 3 3 , 3 5 0 , 353; see a l s o B w a k i r a C h i n i , K a b u k u- N d a n i , K e r e g e , M k a t a , Mlale, Rwamkoma a n d U p p e r K i t e t e V i l l a g e r s : a t t i t u d e s o f , 6 4 , 7 2 , 2 4 2 , 3 2 3 ; f a m i l y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , 1 7 5 , 2 6 3 , 2 6 4 ; p a r t i c i p a t i o n , 3 2 0 , 3 2 6 , 3 6 2 ; women, 4 6 , 3 1 6 , 3 2 9 , 3 3 0 ; y o u t h , 3 3 1

V i l l a g e s a n d U j a m a a V i l l a g e s A c t o f 1 9 7 5 , 2 5 , 4 0 , 4 1 , 6 5 , 8 9 , 2 0 2 , 2 2 3 , 2 2 8 , 4 0 8 ; see a l s o L a w s

V i l l a g i z a t i o n : see F o r m a t i o n o f v i l l a g e s / u j a m a a v i l l a g e s

W WALA ( K w i m b a ) , 2 6 3

WAME ( K a h a m a ) , 2 2 9

WANGAMA ( N j o m b e ) , 1 4 1

Water s u p p l y , 3 1 2

West L a k e r e g i o n , 4 5 , 4 6 , 7 6 , 8 4 , 8 5 , 1 7 9 , 2 2 4

W i t c h c r a f t , 2 8 1

Women, V i l l a g e r s , women

z ZEBA ( L u s h o t o ) , 3 2 8

ZIWA LA DAMU ( M ~ u ~ u ) , 3 1 7

B. Author Index

Anonymous works are indexed according to the journal in which the:, appear or the institution which published them. Edited works in which several articles about ujamaa villages are found are indexed under the names of the editors only once.

Africa Confidential, 80, 466

African Development, 39, 145

Ali, 131

Amani, 271

Andreou, 408 Angwazi, 409, 410 Antoniotto, 332

Apthorpe, 282

Assey, 231

Awiti, 411, 412

B

Babyegeya, 185

Bakula, 42

Bamugaya, 116

Banduka, 43

Bango, 149

Barkan, 441

Barnes, 260

Barnett, 94

Baum, 336, 337

Bavu, 315

Berry, 11

Binamu, 131

Blue, 413

Boesen, 44, 45, 46, 234

Boalt, 272

Boggio, 414

Booth, 94

Brain, 1

Bryceson, 415 Bugengo, 84, 85, 118 Bulegi, 25, 338

Buliga, 119

Bundakila, 86

Cardettini, 339

Cedillo, 340, 341

Chale, 87

Chambers, 416

Chengula, 131

Chimoto, 2

Chipata, 153

Christian Rural Fellowship of East Africa, 48

Chuo Cha Elimu ya Ushirika, 273

Cliffe, 3, 4, 342-344, 417

Community Development Trust Fund of Tanzania, 274

Connell, 345

Cooperative Union of Tanganyika, 85, 89, 206, 223, 275

Cordettini, see Cardettini

Coulson, 186, 346, 419

Cunningham, 4, 5, 47, 48, 432

D

Dabana, 49, 172

Daily News, 471

Daraja, 347

Davidsson, 236

de Benko, 124

Department of Sociology, 355

Desflosses, 362

Desai, 348

De Vries, 120, 187-189, 195, 349, 478

Dorner, 353

Douet, 414

Due, 237-242

Dumont, 6

E

Ellis, 420

Ellman, 7, 350-354

Ergas, 421

Erves, 190

F

Feldman, D., 90-92

Feldman, R., 92-94

First, 422

Fleisher, 481

Fortmann, 120, 316, 356

Free Zanzibar Voice, 418

Freyhold, M., 95, 121-123, 192, 19 3

Freyhold, K., 191

Fumbuka, 96

G

Gama, 124

Georgulas, 8

Ghai, 357, 358

Giger, 423

Githinji, 125

Godding, 359

Golleth, 126

Gottlieb, 276

Green, 357, 424

Gruhn, 425

Guillotte, 317

Gunza, 9

H

Hansel, 127, 194, 195, 349

Harris, 196

Haulle, 50

Healey, 288

Hess, 360

Hewlett, 361

Hill, 128, 362

Hirst, 51

Honnold, 426

Huizer, 363

Hulls, 199

Hundsdorfer, 479

Hussein, 134

Hyden, 97, 129, 364-366

Ibbott, 10, 52

Inderbitzin, 130

Institut fur Sozialforschung, 233, 235, 266

I n s t i t u t e o f A d u l t E d u c a t i o n , 117 , 277, 293, 303

I n u k a i , 367

J a n s e n , 483

Jaquement , 130

J e n g a , 289, 403

J o b s and S k i l l s Programme for A f r i c a , I n t e r n a t i o n a l Labour O f f i c e , 368

J o i n e t , 427

Juma, 369, 428

K

K a b i g i , 1 3 1

Kaduma, 436

K a n i k i , 137

Kathambi, 156

Kahama, C . G . , 278

Kahama, K . , 132

Kai-Samba, 480

K a j i a g e , 201

K a j u l a , 133

Kajumba, see Ndawula-Ka jumba

Kampe, 174

Kandege, 134

K a n i k i , 137

K a r l , 292

K a s o r i , 163

Kassami, 184

K a t e s , 11

Kathambi, 156

Kaunde, 135

Kavura, 54

Kawawa, 1 2 , 202

Kayornbo, 74, 115 , 178 , 200, 370

K a z i , 55

Kazimoto, 56, 279

Kehengu, 136

Keregero , 371

Khan, 357

Kharumo, 203

Kibona, 137

Kikudo, 133

Kikwete, 98

K i m , 372

Kimani, 1 3 8

K i m i t i , 26

Kimolo, 119

Kindamba, 116

Kinyondo, 99

Kipanga, 147

K i r o , 244

K i s u l a , 57

Kiva , 429

K j e k s h u s , 430

Kocher , 481

Komanya, 373

Konte r , 1 3

K r e u t z e r , 204

K r o k f o r s , 245

Kuper , 479

K u r s c h n e r , 139 , 431

Kus i lawe , 140

Landberg , 14

Latham, 297

L a t i g o , 1 4 1

Lawrence , 246, 344

Lee , 357, 358

Lendermann, 423

Levesque , 362

Lewin, 142-144 , 280, 281, 318, 319, 432

L o f c h i e , 433, 434

Long, 282

L o x l e y , 261

L u c a s , 1 5 7

Luganga, 146

Lukwaro, 296

L u p a t u , 247

Luswaga, 370

L i i t o l f , 423

L u t t e r e l l , 58 , 344, 417

Lwesya, 136

L y a t u u , 126

Lyimo, 59

Mabe le , 204, 252, 372

Machemba, 1 6 3

Machunda , 2 4 8

Madsen, 46

Maeda, 320, 358, 435, 436

M a g a t t i , 60

Mahecha, 100

Mahimbo, 147

Plahinya, 1 4 8

Mahomba, 480

Maina, 149

M a j i l i , 157

Makere I n s t i t u t e o f S o c i a l R e s e a r c h , 11

Mapolu, 9 6 , 1 5 1 , 374, 437

Mapunda, 27

M a r k i e , 361, 375

Maro, 283

M a s c a r e n h a s , 321, 376, 377

M a s h a u r i , 322

Masheu la , 152

Mason, 284

M a t a l i s i , 1 5 3

Matango, 6 1 , 438

M a t t e e , 371

Mauma, 154

M b a k i l e , 207

Mbenna, 285

M b i l i n y i , 439

Mboya, B . J . , 155

Mboya, G . R . , 62

Mbwana, 480

McGee, 484

Mchomvu, 156

Mchumo, 65

McKay, 11, 1 5

McKinsey a n d Company, 440

Meena, 156

Mesaki, 66, 370

Meynen, 380

Meyns, 381

Mfikwa, 208

Mhilu, 157

Mhindi, 125

Migot-Adholla, 344, 441

Mihayo, 155 . Miliband, 442

Miller, 242

Missana, 67

Mkindi, 268

Mkokoi, 341

Mkongwa, 249

Mlambiti, 282

Mlawa, 158

Mlay, 283

Mmbaga, 159

Mrnuya, 101

iflnondwa, 147

Moberg, 162

Moderne, 102, 383-387

Mohan, 103

Mohele, 234, 250

Moller, 248, 483

Mongi, 209

Moody, 46, 160

Moore, 417

Moris, 210

Mosha, 211

Moshi, 156

Mpesha, 326

Mponguliana, 181

Elpungwe , 16 1 Msambichaka, 28, 251, 252

Msekwa, 29

Mshana, 158

Mshigheni, 253

Msigwa, 138

Msuya, 162

Mtaki, 163

Mtei, 164

Mtenba, 165

Mueller, 442

Mugoya, 166

Mungai, 443

Mushi, S. A., 68

Mushi, S. S., 30, 388

Musoke, 69

Mussula, 254

Mustafa, 167

Mutaha, 97

Mutalemwa, 173

Mutangira, 84, 85

Mvena, 255

Mwakisyombe, 104, 286

Mwambi, 168

Mwanasali, 173

Mwansasu, 16, 444

Mwapachu, 70

Mwase, 287

Mwinama, 341

Mwoleka, 288

Mzalendo, 472 Nyerere, 31-38, 294, 295, 450

N

Nationalist, 473

Ndawula-Kajumba, 445

Ndedya, 195, 212

Ndissi, 256

Ndomba, 169

Ndonde, 170, 213

Ndulu, 409, 410

Ndunguru, C. C., 327

Ndunguru, K. K., 71

Neigus, 214

Nellis, 17

Newiger, 18, 19

Ngalya, 370

Ng'asi, 20

Ngasongwa, 446

Ngeze, 215, 216, 257

Ngotyana, 447

Ngoyani, 171

Ngunangwa, 44 8

Ng'wandu, 290, 291

Nieuwenhove, 29 2

Niinivaar, 258

Nindi, 105, 164, 355

Nkhoma, 172

Nsereko, 217

Nshiku. 293

Ntawatawa, 173

Ntirukigwa, 106

Nursey-Bray, 449

Nuwagaba, 184

0

Odede, 174

Okeyo, 218

Okumu, 441

Oliech, 219

Omari, 296, 389, 391

Oxaal, 94

P

Philip, 392

Philippson, 175, 355, 374

Phillipps, 176

Pipping, 72

Pitblado, 21

Pleskac, 107

Pomjee, 73

Pratt, 444

Proctor, 75

Putterman, 351-353

R

Radwan, 357, 358

Raikes, 259, 298, 454-457

Rake, 458

Rald, 76, 179

Rashidi, 146

Riyami, 180

Rugemarila, 77

Rugimbana, 181

Rugumisa, 108, 260

Rupia, 299, 459

Ruthenberg, 19

Rwelengera, 85 Sweet , 464, 465

Rwiza, 211, 220

S a i b u l , 78

Sandberg, 460

Sanga, 222

S a u l , 22, 109, 343, 344

S a v i l l e , 442

Sawe, 110

S c h u l t z , 393

S c h u l t h e i s , 372

S c h u t t e , 394

Schweizer , 423

S e i d l i t z , 461

S e n d e r , 328

S e u s h i , 261

Sharma, A . C . , 262

Sharma, K . L. 408

Sharma, R. D . , 263, 264

Shayo, 127

Shengena, 1 3 1

Shimba, 300

S h i v j i , 462

Smi th , A . , 323

Smi th , L . D . , 174

S p e c i a l c o r r e s p o n d e n t , 79

S t a n d a r d , 474

S t o r g a a r d , 329

Sumra, 265, 484

Sunday news, 475

Svendsen, 395, 432, 463

Swantz, 330, 331

Tanzania : I d a r a ya Mipango ya Utumish i , Wizara y a Maendeleo yc; Utumishi , 304; Kamati y a Kuchungu za Elimu y a Ujamaa na U s h i r i k a , 305; Laws, S t a t u t e s , e t c . , 4-1. Marke t ing Development Bureau, 225, 226; M i n i s t r y o f Community Development, 399; N a t i o n a l Housing and B u i l d i n g Research U n i t M i n i s t r y o f Lands Housing and Urban Development, 306; O f f i c e of t h e Prime M i n i s t e r and Second Vice P r e s i d e n t , 229, 307, 401; Kikundi cha Takwimu, O f f i c e of t h e Prime M i n i s t e r and Second Vice P r e s i - d e n t , 398; R u r a l S e t t l e m e n t Com- m i s s i o n , 23; V i l l a g e Management T r a i n i n g Programme, 227; Ujamaa and C o o p e r a t i v e Development D e- p a r t m e n t O f f i c e o f t h e Prime M i - n i s t e r and Second Vice P r e s i d e n t , 40, 308-310, 397, 400

Tanzania High C o u r t D i g e s t , 221

T a n z a n i a L i b r a r y S e r v i c e , 485

Tanzania Notes and Records , 486

T e i s e n , 432

Temu, 24, 467

Thoden Van Velzen , 1 1 3 , 114

Toroka, 311

T r a o r e , 267

T s c h a n n e r l , 312

Tschundi , 402

Uhuru, 476

Ujamaa, 197 , 198

Ujamaa Leo, 470

Ulvund, 268

U n i v e r s i t y o f E a s t Angl ia , 404

U r f e r , 292, 405

Ur io , 131

Ush i r i ka , 477

v V a i l , 269, 270

Verhagen, 228

Von Freyhold , s e e Freyhold

Vukovic, 81

Wachiye-Munyasia, 50

Wagao, 82

Wanachuo, Chuo cha CCM (Kivukoni) , 230

Waweru, 182

Weaver, 413

Weeks, 406

Welch, 323

Wenner, 183

Westley, 297

Widstrand, 3

Wil l iams, 83

Wisner, 184

Wolstenholme, 407

Wood, 314

Worsley, 2 2

Zegge, 468, 469

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Offsetcenter ab Uppsala 1981

ujamaa villages in tz a bibliography

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