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UK Approach to National Security
19 Jan 11
> Our approach> National Security Strategy> Strategic Defence and Security Review -
SDSR
Content
Approach
> Defence as part of National Security> Afghanistan> Trident Value for Money Study> Defence Reform Unit> Regular Reviews
> Strategic Context> Britain’s Distinctive Role> National Security Risk Assessment> Adaptable Britain> National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines
National Security Strategy
> Strategic Context
– Terrorism - international and NI-related– Changing character of conflict– Increasingly multi-polar and interconnected– Scientific and technological innovation– Social and demographic trends– Climate change and natural resources
National Security Strategy
> Britain’s Distinctive Role
– Connected and at the heart of many global networks– Role in international affairs– Enlightened national self-interest– Openness exposes us to risks and opportunities– Our response - 2 strategic objectives:
• A secure and resilient UK• Shaping a stable world
National Security Strategy
> National Security Risk Assessment
– Domestic and overseas; 5 and 20 years– Likelihood and impact– Vulnerability– Tier 1 risks:
• Cyber• International military crisis• International terrorism• Major accident or natural hazard
National Security Strategy
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Likelihood
Impact
> Adaptable Britain
– Respond to highest priority risks– Respond to low probability but very high impact risks– Focus on upstream activity– Retain a broad spectrum of security and defence
capabilities– Strengthen relationships with key allies– Coordinate and integrate whole of Government
response
National Security Strategy
> National Security Tasks & Planning Guidelines– Identify and monitor risks and opportunities;– Tackle the causes of instability;– Exert influence;– Enforce domestic law and strengthen international norms;– Protect the UK and our interests at home, at our border, and
internationally;– Help resolve conflicts and contribute to stability. Where necessary,
intervene overseas;– Provide resilience;– Work in alliances and partnerships.
National Security Strategy
> Process> Principles> Military Tasks> Planning Assumptions> Force Structure> Decisions
SDSR
Phase 1 - Policy Baseline
Publication
Phase 3 - Force Testing
Phase 6 - Implementation
Policy and Capability StudiesPolicy and Capability StudiesPhase 2 - Policy and Capability Studies
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Phase 4 - Synthesis and
Costing
Phase 5 - Decision and Presentation
SDSR Process
May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Phase 1 - Policy Baseline
Publication
Phase 3 - Force Testing
Phase 6 - Implementation
Policy and Capability StudiesPolicy and Capability
StudiesPhase 2 - Policy and Capability
Studies
Phase 4 - Synthesis and
Costing
Phase 5 - Decision and Presentation
SDSR Wider Process
Green Paper
Future Character of Conflict
Jul 09 Feb 10
Feb 09 Feb 10
Global Strategic Trends
mid-08 Feb 10
> Use of Armed Forces> National interest> Upstream activity> Flexibility
Principles
> Providing strategic intelligence> Providing nuclear deterrence> Defending the UK and its Overseas Territories> Supporting civil emergency organisations in times of crisis> Providing a Defence contribution to UK influence> Defending our interests by projecting power strategically
and through expeditionary interventions> Providing security for stabilisation
Military Tasks
Policy ChoicesPrioritise Capabilities and shape the force structure to achieve affordability
Homeland Influence Intervention Stabilisation
Matching Resource to Aspiration
Increasing Levels ofAmbition
Developing the Policy Response
The Armed Forces in the future will be sized and shaped to conduct:
• an enduring stabilisation operation at around brigade level (up to 6,500 personnel) with maritime and air support as required, while also conducting:
• one non-enduring complex intervention (up to 2,000 personnel), and• one non-enduring simple intervention (up to 1,000 personnel);
OR alternatively:• three non-enduring operations if we were not already engaged in an enduring
operation;
OR: • for a limited time, and with sufficient warning, committing all our effort to a
one-off intervention of up to three brigades, with maritime and air support (around 30,000, two-thirds of the force deployed to Iraq in 2003).
Defence Planning Assumptions
Future Force 2020
> Maritime defence of the UK and Overseas Territories> Nuclear Continuous at Sea Deterrence (CASD)> Credible and capable presence in priority regions> Strike – carrier strike and submarine (TLAM)
Future Force 2020> Single operational carrier; 2nd at extended readiness> 4 Vanguard SSBN and 7 Astute SSN submarines> 19 Destroyers/Frigates> 14 MCMV plus logistic support and RORO ferries> 3 Commando Brigade and Commando Helicopter Force Merlins> c30,000 by 2015; 29,000 by 2020
Royal Navy
Reductions
> Decommission HMS Ark Royal> Decommission HMS Illustrious> Decommission 4 frigates and a Bay-class amphibious
support ship> Place an amphibious landing ship (HMS Albion or
Bulwark) at extended readiness
Royal Navy
> Standing commitments eg bomb disposal and Falklands> Light specialist forces for short interventions> Multi-role forces for more complex interventions or enduring
stabilisation operations> The ability to command coalitions
Future Force 2020> 5 x multi-role brigades and 16 Air Assault Brigade> Approx 1/3 less heavy armour; but buying FRES Specialist and
Utility Variants> “Best Effort” deployment of 3 brigades> c95,000 by 2015; 94,000 by 2020
Army
Reductions
> Challenger 2 tanks by around 40%> AS90 heavy artillery by around 35%> One deployable brigade (as we restructure to 5 multi-role
brigades)> Significantly reduce non-deployable regional command
structure> Rationalise deployable headquarters
Army
> Air defence of the UK, Falklands and deployed forces> Credible and capable combat air presence> Expeditionary combat air incl strategic and tactical airlift> ISTAR and RAF Regiment ground units
Future Force 2020> Typhoon and JSF (Carrier Variant - jointly operated by RN & RAF)> C17, A400M, Airbus A330 transport/tanker> Chinook, Puma, Merlin> E3D Sentry, Rivet Joint, UAVs> c33,000 by 2015; 31,500 by 2020
Royal Air Force
Reductions
> Remove Joint Force Harrier (RN/RAF) in 2011> Do not bring the Nimrod MRA4 into service> Reduce VC-10 to refuelling role, and aim to withdraw by
2013> Remove 3 variants of Tristar from 2013> Withdraw C130J by 2022> Withdraw Sentinel once it is no longer required in
Afghanistan
Royal Air Force
> Commitment to continuous at sea submarine-based deterrent
> 1st new submarine in 2028; decision needed 2016> 8 missile tubes (vice 12)> 40 warheads per submarine (vice 48)> No more than 180 warheads (vice 225); decision on replacement
needed 2019> £3 Bn cost reduction over 10 years
Strategic Nuclear Deterrent
> Contribute to a wide range of intervention and stabilisation operations, as well as other commitments
> Maintain regular SF front line units> Significantly enhance support capabilities
Special Forces
> New UK Defence Cyber Operations Group
– Cyber operations will be conducted in parallel with more conventional actions in the maritime, land and air domains
– Mainstream cyber throughout Defence activities– A cadre of experts to secure our own networks and
develop new capabilities– Integrated planning, training and exercises– Close relationships across Government, with Allies
and with industry
Cyber
> Decrease by 25,000 to 60,000 by 2015
– Natural turnover– Limited external recruitment– Early release programme– Consultation with Trades Unions
Civil Service
> Armed Forces Covenant> Defence Estate
Other
Alliances & Partnerships
> New models of bilateral cooperation:– Greater reliance on capability, role sharing and equipment
collaboration with close Allies– Reinforced relationship with US – Intensified cooperation with France– Greater cooperation with regional partners to shared security
concerns> Enhance effectiveness of multilateral cooperation:
– UN - improve effectiveness, conflict prevention focus, coordination with NATO/EU and cyber cooperation;
– NATO reform - support Strategic Concept, NATO reform, EU/NATO cooperation
– EU - continue enlargement; focus resources on support to (civilian and military) missions.
Alliances & Partnerships
> Strategy for Defence> Technical Instruction> Defence Strategic Direction> Defence Industrial Strategy> Review of Reserves
Implementation
> Uncertainty: adaptability; readiness> Future Conflict: intelligence; precision; mobility> Independence: UK; Overseas Territories> Multilateralism: risk management> Combat Focused: reductions in non-front line areas> Affordability
SDSR Themes
Questions