UK BRIBERY ACT

- CASES AND UPDATES*  

Helen Tung Barrister, One Temple Avenue Chambers 2014

*Adapted Seoul (April 2013), Tokyo & Osaka (Nov 2013), London (March 2014) presentations

INTRODUCTION

1. What is the UK Bribery Act? 영국의 뇌물 법은 무엇입니까 ?

2. Why does it matter? 왜 문제가 되나요 ?

3. What kind of cases are there? 어떤 종류가 있습니까 ?

4. How do we comply? 우리는 어떻게 준수합니까 ?

5. What criticisms are there? 어떤 비평 있습니까 ?

6. What is the impact of the Bribery Act now?뇌물 법의 영향이 무엇입니까 ?

1. WHAT IS THE BRIBERY ACT? 영국의 뇌물 법은 무엇입니까 ? Came into force July 1, 2011; Affects all UK and overseas company doing

business with the UK: a. Active Bribery (s1) / 활성 뇌물 ; b. Passive Bribery (s2)/ 수동 뇌물 ; c. Foreign Public Official (s6)/ 외국 공무원 ; d. Failure of commercial organisation to

prevent Bribery (s7) 뇌물을 방지하기 위해 상업 조직의 실패 .

2. WHY DOES IT MATTER? 왜 문제가 되나요 ?

Max. penalty of 10 yrs; Provides ‘long arm’ jurisdiction; Close connection with the UK (s12); Serious Fraud Office (SFO); a. Evidential Stage/ 증거 단계 ;

b. Public Interest Stage/ 공공의 이익 단계 ; Test: Reasonable person in the UK (s5(1));영국에 있는 합리적인 사람 ;

3. DEFINITIONS 정의

a. Offer, promise or giving- active bribery제안 , 약속 또는 제공

Receive or accept – passive bribery 수신 또는 허용

‘financial or other advantage’ 금융 또는 기타 장점

Improper performance 부적절한 성능

Associated person 관련된 사람

4. FACTORS AGAINST PROSECUTION 기소에 대한 요인 Court likely to impose a nominal penalty

(Code 4.17a) 법원의 공칭 벌금 선고할 가능성이 높음

Harm considered as minor (Code 4.17e)사소한 피해

Genuine approach to self reporting진실된 자기보고

5. FACTORS FOR PROSECUTION검찰 요인 Conviction likely to attract sentence (Code

4.16a)유죄 판결이 재판을 유도

Pre-meditated & element of corruption (Code 4.16e and k)

계획과 부패의 요소

Facilitate serious offending (4.16i)심각한 잘못을 촉진

Advantage of position (Code 4.16n) 위치의 이점

6. PUBLIC OFFICIAL 공리 Includes legislators, administrators, holders

of judicial office, officials and agents of international organisations (IO) (s 5(2))

Function if performed in UK, written law of UK

Function were performed elsewhere is that of relevant state

If official belongs to IO then rules of written organisation

7. OTHER

Facilitation payments 지급을 조장 Hospitality and promotional expenditure서비스 및 프로모션 지출 - ‘improper performance’ 부적절한 성능 influence the foreign public official so as to

obtain; or retain business; or an advantage in the conduct of business; Lavishness is just one factor.

8. COMMERCIAL ORGANISATION 상업 조직 Liable if ‘as a body or partnership

incorporated or formed in the UK irrespective of where it carries on a business, or an incorporated body or partnership which carries on a business or part of a business in the UK irrespective of the place of incorporation or formation.’s7(5)

9. ADEQUATE PROCEDURES

Defence if commercial organisation can show adequate procedures s7(2);

Standard of proof: balance of probabilities;확률의 균형

Issue of adequacy: matter for the courts to decide on case by case basis;

Code (4.5) prosecutors must consider defence case, prospects of conviction and evidential stage

10. CASE STUDIES 사례 연구

Patel He was charged 3 years for a single offence

of active bribery and a concurrent six year sentence for the common law offence of misconduct in public offence.

There were at least 53 instances where he had been removing evidence of offenders motoring fines.

CASE STUDY 2 사례 연구 2

Mr. Mushtaq Self-employed mini-cab driver Convicted of bribery under S1 of Act Sentenced 2 months’ imprisonment,

suspended for 12 months & 2 months curfew b/w 6pm and 6am

Attempt to bribe licensing officer

CASE STUDY 3 사례 연구 3

Sustainable AgroEnergy - Biofuel 14 August 2013, the Serious Fraud Office

(“SFO”) Value fraud approx. £23m (b/w April 2011 to

Feb 2012) All British nationals: aged 28, 52, 38, 57 SFO, section 1 of Criminal Law Act 1977 3 charged making and accepting bribe under

Act

CASE STUDY 4 사례 연구 4

Sport 25 Marcy 2014, 5 individuals pleaded not guilty Birmingham Crown Court

Total 9 individuals currently facing charges under act (in addition to 3 already convicted (as of 9 April 2014)

Match-fixing allegations in English football 2 Singaporean nations charged, D1 &D2: to give

or receive bribery & conspiracy to commit bribe D3: only for giving bribe

11. CURRENT SITUATION

National Crime Agency arrest, 3 April 2014 13 individuals: bribery & money laundering Reinforce Serious Fraud Office (SFO) playing

significant role in prosecuting individuals Of 53 individuals convicted in UK since 2008,

only 26 prosecuted by SFO Of 12 individuals prosecuted: 4 prosecuted

by SFO (bio-fuels case)

12. HOW TO COMPLY? 준수하는 방법 6 Principals 6 원칙

1. Proportionate procedures 비례 절차

2. Top- Level Commitment 상위 수준 헌신

3. Risk Assessment 위험 평가

4. Due Diligence 실사

5. Communication (including training)의사소통 ( 교육 포함 )

6. Monitoring 감시 / 관찰

13. WHAT CRITICISMS?어떤 비평 있습니까 ?

1. no advice service available사용할 수있는 조언 서비스는 없음

2. does not take into account foreign local custom

해외 현지 관습는 고려하지 않습니다

3. test as reasonable UK person 영국에 있는 합리적인 사람

14. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE BRIBERY ACT NOW? 뇌물 법의 영향 지금 무엇입니까 ?

1. Corporate Social Responsibility기업의 사회적 책임

2. Question on use of intermediaries중개인의 사용에 관한 질문

3. Corporate structure and processes기업 구조 및 프로세스

Thank you 감사합니다

http://helentung.blogspot.co.uk/ onetempleavenue.co.uk/barristers/helent.html