uk ffag plans introduction to ffags scaling vs non-scaling non-scaling ffags non-scaling pop why the...
TRANSCRIPT
UK FFAG PlansUK FFAG Plans
• Introduction to FFAGs
• Scaling vs non-scaling
• Non-scaling FFAGs
• Non-scaling POP
• Why the interest?
• UK plans
FFAGsFFAGs
• Fixed Field, Alternating Gradient rapid cycling large acceptance large pulsed and cw current
• First machines built in 1960s
• Resurrected in late 1990s for muon acceleration
• Wide range of applications now under study
• Main emphasis: scaling
• All machines built so far: scaling
• Emphasis changing: non-scaling
Scaling vs Non-scalingScaling vs Non-scaling
• Non-scaling: - smaller orbit radius increase with energy smaller aperture magnets (10) smaller circumference - linear variation in B-field simpler magnets
should be cheaper than scaling FFAG
- parabolic variation in revolution frequency with energy
Scaling vs Non-scalingScaling vs Non-scaling
/p
Travel time Path length
smaller variation in frequency
synchronous with RF at two energies
no need to modulate RF
CW operation possible?
Non-scalingNon-scaling
Problems:
• Rapid tune variation: many integer + half integer resonances crossed*
• Acceleration outside buckets*
• Neither properly tested
• Non-scaling may bring substantial cost savings
• “ “ “ have “ benefits
non-scaling POP
Electron ModelElectron Model
• Aim: test the muon machine
• Not too expensive: ring ~ 20m circumference
• Acceleration: 10-20 MeV; higher E(inj) interesting
• Extraction also necessary (diagnostics)
• Recognised that study of resonances important variable energy from driver
• RF frequency: 2.86GHz vs 1.3GHz
• Lower frequency interesting because more turns
• Resonance crossing & out of bucket accel: 2 RF systems
• Cost: CJ ~$2M for magnets (most expensive bit)
Electron ModelElectron Model
Keil model:
Orbit cell length (triplet): 0.38m Number of cells: 45 Circumference: 17.1m RF gain: 2.25 MeV RF frequency: ~3 MHz Harmonic number: 171 Magnet bore radius F/D: 25/32 mm Magnet length: 50/100 mm
10 to 20 MeV in 5 turns
Non-scaling, linear
AlternativesAlternatives
…………..but there are other non-scaling FFAGs..but there are other non-scaling FFAGs
Ruggiero & Trbojevic:Ruggiero & Trbojevic:
• 1.5-GeV BNL-AGS Upgrade C = 807 m
• 1.0-GeV 10-MWatt Proton Driver C = 202 m
• 250-MeV Medical Facility C = 36 m
D FFS S
gg
All non-scaling lattices
AlternativesAlternatives
200 MeV
1.0 GeV
200 MeV 1.0 GeV200 MeV
1.0 GeV
F-Sector D-Sector RF Long Straight
10 cm x 20 cm Elliptical Vacuum Chamber
Variable Width Variable Gap
> 10 cm
10 cm Diameter Circular Vacuum Chamber
Shaped poles and minimised edge effects to reduce tune variation
Feedback from FFAG04Feedback from FFAG04
Feedback from FFAG04Feedback from FFAG04
AlternativesAlternatives
Rees:Rees:8-20 GeV isochronous muon FFAG, 16 turns
8-20 MeV electron model, 20 turns
O bd(-) o F(±) o BD(+) o F(±) o bd(-) O
Bending angle over the cell = (360/123)o = 2.92683o
sector entry sector exit
0.5 2.42.4 0.50.5 0.5
1.26m 0.620.620.45 0.45
Non-scaling, but non-linear (polarity flips for Fs)
Why the Interest in FFAGs?Why the Interest in FFAGs?
The reasons: The reasons: current and rep ratecurrent and rep rate reliability reliability cost cost losses losses
acceptanceacceptance
Proton therapy:
Proton TherapyProton Therapy
Standard:
Needs to be reasonably
fast
Mori claims: synchrotrons killed by space chargecyclotrons killed by losses
IBA machines have had problemsFFAGs are ideal
Spot scanning
Proton TherapyProton Therapy
Proton TherapyProton Therapy
…..at PSI
1st dimension
2nd dimension
3rd dimension
Beam: 7mm FWHM 5mins for 1L tumour
Proton TherapyProton Therapy
…..at PSI
Proton TherapyProton Therapy
For hospital use:
- reliability
- very small losses
- minimum cost
- 12C option
- variable energy extraction
e.g. FFAGs?
UK PlansUK Plans
• Develop FFAG experience (scaling & non-scaling)
• Build non-scaling POP for muon FFAG
• Investigate FFAGs for proton therapy
• Build non-scaling POP for muon FFAG
• Muon machine is hardest
• Check all features
• But also learn about non-scaling for other applications
• Collaboration forming:- CCLRC, Cockcroft, Oxford, White Rose -
CERN, Saclay, Orsay - BNL, FNAL, TRIUMF - KEK
• Location: DL
UK PlansUK Plans
UK PlansUK Plans
UK PlansUK Plans
Possible FundingPossible Funding
• White Rose Consortium: proposal in last round
• Nearly successful
• Good contacts: politically and in health field
• Plan to re-submit in this round
• Under discussion, but change in emphasis:- building UK FFAG community- proton therapy- non-scaling POP
• Bring us:- more people - some
funding for POP equipment
• Deadlines: Outline proposals - 14th February Full proposals ~ September
Basic Technology Fund:Basic Technology Fund:
Possible FundingPossible Funding
• New and Emerging Science and Technology- Insight- Pathfinder- Adventure
EC:EC:
“Adventure projects are ‘visionary’ research projects, aiming to create and/or develop new opportunities for science and technology which could have a very high potential payoff in
the long term, in particular in new interdisciplinary areas. They are identified by their characteristics of significant novelty,
very high ambition and high impact.”
• Combating cancer
• Waste transmutation
• Already funding BNCT
• Clearly something EC is interested in funding
• Next call……..December
• Deadline………13th April!
• Two stage process: 5 pages & admin forms
• Other possibilities: FP7 Design Study
Possible FundingPossible Funding
• Temperature of water being tested
• Presence at “Health Event” in Feb planned
• Responsive RA proposal?
• SOI?
PPARC:PPARC:
• Similar approach possible
EPSRC:EPSRC: