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UKGerman Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung Royal Town Planning Institute

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Page 1: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

UK‐German Perspectives on  Integrated Spatial Strategies

Akademie für Raumforschung und  Landesplanung

Royal Town Planning Institute

Page 2: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

‘Larger than Local’

the Reality ‘größer denn lokal’

die Wirklichkeit 

Kelvin MacDonald MCIH FRTPI FRSASenior Visiting Fellow, Dept. of Land 

Economy, Cambridge

Page 3: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,
Page 4: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

History

Gordon Cherry (1974) Gordon Cherry (1974) The Evolution of British Town PlanningThe Evolution of British Town Planning, Leonard Hill Books, Leonard Hill Books

Page 5: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

A History of Integrated Strategic PlanningA History of Integrated Strategic Planning

Ebenezer HowardEbenezer HowardToTo‐‐morrow morrow ––

a peaceful path to a peaceful path to 

real reformreal reform

published in 1898published in 1898

Page 6: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

A History of Integrated Strategic PlanningA History of Integrated Strategic Planninghttp://w

ww.akpool.de/ansichtskarten/199023‐ansichtskarte‐postkarte‐dresden‐hellerau‐partie‐

am‐gruenen‐zipfel‐kinder

Page 7: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,
Page 8: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

A History of Integrated Strategic PlanningA History of Integrated Strategic Planning‘‘It is not in the national interest, economically, It is not in the national interest, economically, 

socially or strategically, that a quarter or even socially or strategically, that a quarter or even  a larger proportion of the population of Great a larger proportion of the population of Great  Britain should be concentrated within twenty Britain should be concentrated within twenty  to thirty miles or so of central London.  to thirty miles or so of central London.  

On the other hand, a policy i) of balanced On the other hand, a policy i) of balanced  distribution of industry and the industrial distribution of industry and the industrial  population so far as possible throughout the population so far as possible throughout the 

different areas or regions in Great Britain; ii) of different areas or regions in Great Britain; ii) of  appropriate diversification of industries in appropriate diversification of industries in 

those areas or regions would make the best those areas or regions would make the best  national use of resources of the country ....national use of resources of the country ....’’

Royal Commission on the Distribution of the Industrial Royal Commission on the Distribution of the Industrial  Population (the Population (the ‘‘Barlow reportBarlow report’’) 1940 ) 1940 

http://www.npgprints.com/im

age/50530/bassano‐sir‐

clement‐anderson‐montague‐

barlow

Page 9: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

A History of Integrated Strategic PlanningA History of Integrated Strategic Planning

Page 10: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,
Page 11: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

RegionalismRegionalism

http://www.publications.parliam

ent.uk/pa/cm200607/cm

select/cmcom

loc/352/35204.htm

Page 12: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Unemployment

http://www.bbc.co.uk/new

s/10604117

September 2011

http://www.pub.arbeitsam

t.de/hst/services/statistik/000000/html/start

/karten/aloq_kreis_jahr.html

Page 13: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Docum

ents/Publications/MapsO

fTheMonth/M

oMSept11/M

oM_09‐2011.pdf

Page 14: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Regional Spatial Strategies

Page 15: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Regional Spatial Strategies

Page 16: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,
Page 17: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Coalition Government

Page 18: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Growth

Page 19: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Localism

Page 20: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Abolition of Regional Plans and Bodies•• We will rapidly abolish We will rapidly abolish 

Regional Spatial Regional Spatial  Strategies and return Strategies and return 

decisiondecision‐‐making powers making powers  on housing and planning on housing and planning  to local councils to local councils 

•• We will abolish the We will abolish the  Government Office for Government Office for 

London and consider the London and consider the  case for abolishing the case for abolishing the 

remaining Government remaining Government  Offices. Offices. 

http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/coalition_program

me_for_governm

ent.pdf

Page 21: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Abolition of Regional Plans and BodiesCommunities will no longer have to Communities will no longer have to 

endure the previous government's failed endure the previous government's failed  Soviet tractor style topSoviet tractor style top‐‐down planning down planning 

targetstargets

‐‐

they were a terrible, expensive, they were a terrible, expensive,  timetime‐‐consuming way to impose house consuming way to impose house 

building and worst of all threatened the building and worst of all threatened the  destruction of the Green Belt.destruction of the Green Belt.

They were a national disaster that They were a national disaster that  robbed local people of their democratic robbed local people of their democratic 

voice, alienating them and entrenching voice, alienating them and entrenching  opposition against new development.  opposition against new development.  

Regional Strategies built nothing but Regional Strategies built nothing but  resentmentresentment

‐‐

we want to build houses. we want to build houses. 

Rt. Hon. Erich Eingelegtes GemRt. Hon. Erich Eingelegtes Gemüüse MPse MP66thth

July 2010July 2010http://www.communities.gov.uk/newsstories/newsroom/1632132http://www.communities.gov.uk/newsstories/newsroom/1632132

Page 22: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Regional Spatial Strategies

Page 23: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Abolition of Regional Plans and Bodies

The 2010 Comprehensive Spending Review  confirmed that the Government Offices for the 

Regions will close at the end of March 2011.

Page 24: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Regional Development Agenciesstatutory purposes:statutory purposes:••To further economic development and To further economic development and 

regenerationregeneration••To promote business efficiency, investment To promote business efficiency, investment 

and competitivenessand competitiveness••To promote employmentTo promote employment••To enhance development and application of To enhance development and application of 

skill relevant to employmentskill relevant to employment••To contribute to sustainable developmentTo contribute to sustainable development

Page 25: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Policy Statements and 

Guidance (PPSs)

Regional Spatial 

Strategy

Sub ‐

Regional 

Studies

Local 

Development 

Framework

Local Housing 

Assessment

Planning 

Application

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Strategic 

Housing Land 

Availability 

Assessment

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Environmental 

Impact 

Assessment

AppealIf application refused

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Annual 

Monitoring 

Report

Development

Other 

strategies

Feedback 

to the 

policy 

process

European 

Policy/ 

Directivese.g. re. SEA, EIA, 

Appropriate 

Assessment, 

protected areas

Sec. 106 

negotiations

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Page 26: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Policy Statements and 

Guidance (PPSs)

Regional Spatial 

Strategy

Sub ‐

Regional 

Studies

Local 

Development 

Framework

Local Housing 

Assessment

Planning 

Application

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Strategic 

Housing Land 

Availability 

Assessment

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Environmental 

Impact 

Assessment

AppealIf application refused

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Annual 

Monitoring 

Report

Development

Other 

strategies

Feedback 

to the 

policy 

process

European 

Policy/ 

Directivese.g. re. SEA, EIA, 

Appropriate 

Assessment, 

protected areas

Sec. 106 

negotiations

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Page 27: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Policy Statements and 

Guidance (PPSs)

Regional Spatial 

Strategy

Sub ‐

Regional 

Studies

Local 

Development 

Framework

Local Housing 

Assessment

Proposed 

Neighbourhood 

Plans

Planning 

Application

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Strategic 

Housing Land 

Availability 

Assessment

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Environmental 

Impact 

Assessment

AppealIf application refused

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Annual 

Monitoring 

Report

Development

Other 

strategies

Feedback 

to the 

policy 

process

Local 

Enterprise 

Partnerships

Proposed Duty 

to Co‐operate

Joint Working

European 

Policy/ 

Directivese.g. re. SEA, EIA, 

Appropriate 

Assessment, 

protected areas

Sec. 106 

negotiations

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Proposed 

National 

Planning Policy 

Framework

Page 28: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Sub ‐

Regional 

Studies

Local 

Development 

Framework

Local Housing 

Assessment

Proposed 

Neighbourhood 

Plans

Planning 

Application

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Strategic 

Housing Land 

Availability 

Assessment

Sustainability 

Appraisal

Environmental 

Impact 

Assessment

AppealIf application refused

Public/ 

Stakeholder 

Involvement

Development

Other 

strategies

Feedback 

to the 

policy 

process

Local 

Enterprise 

Partnerships

Proposed Duty 

to Co‐operate

Joint Working

European 

Policy/ 

Directivese.g. re. SEA, EIA, 

Appropriate 

Assessment, 

protected areas

Sec. 106 

negotiations

Proposed 

National 

Planning Policy 

Framework

Page 29: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The peremptory The peremptory  abolition of abolition of 

Regional Spatial Regional Spatial  Strategies has Strategies has 

created a hiatus in created a hiatus in  the planning the planning 

framework, which framework, which  risks producing a risks producing a 

damaging inertia.damaging inertia.

http://www.publications.parliam

ent.uk/pa/cm201011/cm

select/cmcom

loc/517/517.pdf

Page 30: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The New English Strategic SystemThe New English Strategic System•• National Planning Policy FrameworkNational Planning Policy Framework•• Duty to coDuty to co‐‐operateoperate•• Local Economic PartnershipsLocal Economic Partnerships•• Regional Growth FundRegional Growth Fund•• Community Infrastructure LevyCommunity Infrastructure Levy•• New Homes BonusNew Homes Bonus

Page 31: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Planning Policy Framework

Page 32: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Duty to co‐operate(a) considering whether to (a) considering whether to 

consult on and prepare, consult on and prepare,  and enter into and and enter into and 

publish, agreements on publish, agreements on  joint approaches ..., andjoint approaches ..., and

(b) if the person is a local (b) if the person is a local  planning authority, planning authority, 

considering whether to considering whether to  agree ... to  prepare joint agree ... to  prepare joint 

local development local development  documents.documents.

Page 33: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Local Enterprise PartnershipsBy abolishing Regional By abolishing Regional 

Development Agencies and Development Agencies and  agreeing to the establishment of agreeing to the establishment of 

local enterprise partnerships we local enterprise partnerships we  will encourage a more responsive will encourage a more responsive 

approach to the needs of local approach to the needs of local  business, and people by:business, and people by:

••supporting local authoritiessupporting local authorities‟‟ existing role in fostering and existing role in fostering and  sustaining growth;sustaining growth;

••putting putting local business leadership local business leadership  at the helm at the helm of bodies that of bodies that 

represent represent real economic real economic  geographiesgeographies;;

http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/biscore/econom

ic‐development/docs/l/cm

7961‐local‐grow

th‐white‐paper.pdf

Page 34: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Local Enterprise Partnerships

http://www.bis.gov.uk/policies/econom

ic‐developm

ent/leps

Page 35: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Community Infrastructure LevyThe Community Infrastructure The Community Infrastructure 

Levy allows local authorities to Levy allows local authorities to  choose to charge a levy on new choose to charge a levy on new  development in their area in development in their area in 

order to raise funds to meet the order to raise funds to meet the  associated demands placed on associated demands placed on 

the area and to enable growth.  the area and to enable growth.   The money raised must be used The money raised must be used  to provide infrastructure to to provide infrastructure to 

support the development of support the development of  the area, for example by the area, for example by 

providing new roads and local providing new roads and local  amenities such as a parkamenities such as a park

http://www.com

munities.gov.uk/docum

ents/planningandbuilding/pdf/1997385.pdf

Page 36: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Other Strategic Spatial Programmes•• The Lisbon TreatyThe Lisbon Treaty•• European Regional AidEuropean Regional Aid•• National Land Use ProtectionNational Land Use Protection•• National InfrastructureNational Infrastructure•• National SpendingNational Spending

Page 37: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Lisbon Treaty

Art. 2(3) Art. 2(3) It shall promote economic, It shall promote economic, 

social and territorial social and territorial  cohesion, and solidarity cohesion, and solidarity 

among Member States.among Member States.

http://bookshop.europa.eu/is‐

bin/INTERSHOP.enfinity/WFS/EU‐Bookshop‐

Site/en_GB/‐/EUR/ViewPublication‐

Start?PublicationKey=QC3209190

Page 38: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

The Lisbon Treaty

Art. 2(3) Art. 2(3) It shall promote economic, It shall promote economic, 

social and social and territorialterritorial cohesion, and solidarity cohesion, and solidarity 

among Member States.among Member States.

http://bookshop.europa.eu/is‐

bin/INTERSHOP.enfinity/WFS/EU‐Bookshop‐

Site/en_GB/‐/EUR/ViewPublication‐

Start?PublicationKey=QC3209190

Page 39: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

European Regional AidEuropean Regional Aid

Page 40: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Land Use Protection

Page 41: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Functional Areas

Page 42: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Infrastructure

http://ec.europa.eu/transport/infrastructure/connecting/doc/revision/annexe‐i‐vol07.pdf

Page 43: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Infrastructure

http://highspeedrail.dft.gov.uk/sites/highspeedrail.dft.gov.uk/files/hsr‐consultation‐sum

mary.pdf

Page 44: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Infrastructure

http://www.decc.gov.u

k/assets/decc/11/meeti

ng‐energy‐

demand/consents‐

planning/nps2011/1943

‐nps‐nuclear‐power‐

annex‐volII.pdf

Page 45: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

National Spending

http://www.hm

‐treasury.gov.uk/d/pesa_2010_complete.pdf

Page 46: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

Public Expenditure per head/region 2009/10 (£)

Page 47: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

What is the future?

Page 48: UK German Perspectives on Integrated Spatial Strategies · Integrated Spatial Strategies. Akademie für Raumforschung und ... ‘It is not in the national interest, economically,

[email protected]@cam.ac.uk