Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scienti� c, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scienti� c, South San Francisco, USA

Po

ster No

te 64

767

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

2 Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

Chien-Hsun Chen1, Andreas Krupke1, Monica Carrera2, Chad R Weisbrod1, Romain Huguet1, Shiaw-Min Chen3, Achim Karger3, Steve Williams3, Michael Wenz3, Andreas FR Huhmer1, Aran Paulus1 and Daniel Lopez-Ferrer1

1 Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, USA, 2 Marine Research Institute, Vigo, Spain, 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco, USA

WORKFLOW ABSTRACT The identification of proteins in food matrices that cause sensitization in individuals or allergic

reactions in those individuals already sensitized, represent a major concern for the food

industry. Here we explore the application of CE/MS/MS as an accurate and sensitive way to

rapidly test for protein allergens in food. The workflow is based on a simple protein extraction

step and the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) hyphenated to a Thermo Scientific™

Orbitrap Fusion™ Lumos™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer with an UVPD source for the

characterization of the extracted proteins. The high mass accuracy and resolution, coupled to

the efficient isoform separation and the different fragmentation modes allow for the rapid

allergen identification and its origin.

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this work was to develop a simple and fast strategy allowing simultaneously

the identification of allergens and the authentication of fish species. The method consists in a

two-step workflow, taking advantage of the pH and temperature stability of food allergens. In a

first step, we isolated the thermo-stable proteins from the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of the

reference Hake species, followed by a top-down proteomic step of the purified proteins.

Samples were cleaned up and loaded onto CE system for 10~30mins separation. The proteins

were then analyzed via top-down fragmentation in the HCD cell of a benchtop quadrupole

Orbitrap™ mass spectrometer. EThcD and UVPD fragmentation modes were also explored.

For all samples, unique mass to migration time maps were built representing a unique

signature for each fish allergen. The most abundant protein in the electropherograms was a 11

kDa protein, identified as parvalbumin (PRVB). This thermo-stable protein is considered to be

the major fish allergen. We were able to efficiently separate several PRVB protein isoforms.

Overall, this strategy offers a very reliable top-down proteomics method, and provides the

basis for the development of CE chips that could be used in the food industry to detect

allergens and to authenticate food.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Reference samples from commercial fish species were included in this work. Protein extraction

was carried out by mechanically homogenizing 1 g of muscle tissue. Water soluble proteins

were centrifuged, the supernatant heated to 70 ºC for 5 min and centrifuged again. Soluble

proteins were cleaned using stage tips, and then transferred onto an Agilent 7100 capillary

electrophoresis system. An Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid mass spectrometer was coupled to

CE system using a custom made ion source incorporating an electro-osmotic flow driven

methanol/water/formic acid sheath liquid to improve the MS signal. Proteins were loaded and

separated using a cation-coated capillary at -30kV or neutral-coated capillary (100 cm X 50um

I.D) at +30kV. MS/MS acquisition was achieved using ETD, EThcD, HCD or UVPD

fragmentation at 120K@m/z 200. Data analysis was performed using Thermo Scientific™

Xcalibur 4.0, QualBrowser and ProSight Lite software.

CONCLUSIONS • Successfully coupled the commercial CE to the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Mass

Spectrometer with the CMP ion source on a 3-D printed stage.

• Parvalbumin protein isoforms were separated with cation coated capillary within 10 mins and neutral coated capillary within 30 mins in MS compatible conditions.

• Parvalbumin b1 and b2 were identified from the Hake fish Merluccius Paradoxus within 4.1 and 1.8 ppm mass difference.

• 81% protein coverage of Parvalbumin b2 was achieved by using ETDhcD fragmentation,

• 86% protein coverage using UVPD fragmentation.

• Two Hake species were successfully characterized and identified. REFERENCES 1. Commercially available from CMP Scientific, Brooklyn, NY 2. Commercially available from Alcor Bioseparations LLC, Palo Alto, CA 3. Carrera M., Canas B., Gallardo J.M., Journal of Proteomics, 2012, 75, 3211-3220

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Dr. James Xia from CMP Scientific and Dr. Vladislav Dolnik from Alcor Bioseparations LLC.

TRADEMARKS/LICENSING © 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. All trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. This information is not intended to encourage use of these products in any manner that might infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Ultra-Fast Analysis of Allergens Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled to Mass Spectrometry and Ultra Violet Photodissociation

1 g of fresh muscle tissue

Homogenization Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Purified Sarcoplasma

Centrifugation 5 min, 12,000 rpm

Allergens

70˚C

for 5

min

Desalting

FIGURE 1. General overview of the analytical workflow with reference muscle tissue samples. The thermo-stable proteins, b-parvalbumins are separated by CE top-down MS.

FIGURE 4. Photograph of sheath flow CE interface aligned with Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS.

FIGURE 5. A) Allergens from Hake fish were separated with cation coated capillary (PEI). The isoforms were separated and driven by electroosmotic flow (EOF). B) The allergens were separated with neutral coated capillary (Gaurant). The isoforms were separated only by electrophoresis. C) Parvalbumin β2 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11365.79Da D) Parvalbumin β1 was detected and deconvoluted to full mass of 11371.80Da. FIGURE 2. Photographs of the ion source including the 3-D printed stage and EMASS-II source. The

stage was specially designed for an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid MS.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Time (min)

0

50

100 0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

8.66

8.37

7.84 9.98

20.83 19.04

25.78

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

m/z

0

50

100

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

1138.19 z=10

1034.81 z=11

948.66 z=12

1264.54 z=9

1422.48 z=8 875.76

z=13

949.16 z=12

1035.35 z=11 876.22

z=13 1138.79

z=10

1265.21 z=9

813.71 z=14 1423.36

z=8

b1 b2

b2 b1

β2

β1

Cation-coated capillary

Neutral-coated capillary

Intact Protein Separation (CE) Top Down Proteomics

(Orbitrap MS)

CE Capillary

Emitter

MS HV1 HV2

NanoESI-based Interface

FIGURE 3. A) Design of sheath flow CE interface. The fused silica capillary is introduced into a borosilicate emitter. HV1 is used for CE separation. HV2 is applied to the sheath liquid for electrospray. B) Photograph of the etched capillary in the emitter aligned with MS inlet.

FIGURE 6. Reproducibility of 3 CE runs under the same experimental conditions

0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min)

0 20 40 60 80

100 0

20 40 60 80

100

Rel

ativ

e Ab

unda

nce

0 20 40 60 80

100 23.48

25.06

29.40

23.27

24.84 29.20

23.27

24.82 29.09

b2 b1

b2

b2

b1

b1

+30kV +1.8kV

-30kV +1.8kV

Parvalbumin Beta 2_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11365.77 Observed m.w.=11365.79

Parvalbumin Beta 1_Deep Water Cape Hake Theoretical m.w.= 11371.75 Observed m.w.= 11371.80

HCD

B,44 Y,51 PROTEIN COVERAGE 44%

ETDhcD

UVPD

HCD

ETD

ETDhcD

Parvalbumin b2

Parvalbumin b1

UVPD

A B

A

B

C

D

FIGURE 7. Evaluation of different fragmentation strategies implemented on the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid MS for research purposes. Parvalbumin b2 (top figure) or Parvalbumin b1 (bottom figure) were fragmented using HCD, ETD, ETDhcD and UVPD fragmentation modes/ Data was analyzed with Prosight Light at 10ppm mass tolerance. The candidate sequence was Merluccius Paradoxus (P86768) from UniProt.

Merluccius Paradoxus (Deep Water Cape Hake)

Merluccius Merluccius (European Hake)

FIGURE 8. Characterization and identification of two Hake species with CE-MS, Top Merluccius Paradoxus and bottom Merluccius Merluccius.

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 m/z

0

50

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

11314.80

4347.38 2502.34

2891.45 5186.87 3062.60 7546.97

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 m/z

100

Rel

ativ

e A

bund

ance

7378.68 11371.80

3947.10 2905.46

10757.50 50

0

ETD

C,47 Z,54 PROTEIN COVERAGE 64%

B,34

C,47 Y,30

Z,50 PROTEIN COVERAGE

81%

B,14

C,14 X,38

Y,35

Z,14

PROTEIN COVERAGE 53%

B,25 Y,44 PROTEIN COVERAGE

49%

C,30 Z,38 PROTEIN COVERAGE

53%

B,17

C,21 Y,29

Z,27 PROTEIN COVERAGE 61%

A,75

B,25 C,17

X,45

Y,73

Z,57 PROTEIN COVERAGE

86%

RESULTS

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