Ultra-Large-Scale SystemsSeven Years after the Study

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHỆ

Thầy giáo: PGS.TS Nguyễn Ngọc Bình Học viên thực hiện – Nhóm 11:

1. Nguyễn Xuân Hậu2. Nguyễn Xuân Tùng3. Hồ Văn Tuấn

Nội dung trình bày

1. Giới thiệu về các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale Systems)

2. Các đặc tính của các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale)

3. Những thách thức

4. Lĩnh vực nghiên cứu

5. Kết luận

SEVEN YEARS AGO

Thế nào là một hệ thống siêu lớn (ULS)?A ULS System has unprecedented scale in some of these

dimensions:◦ lines of code◦ amount of data stored, accessed, manipulated, and refined◦ number of connections and interdependencies◦ number of hardware elements◦ number of computational elements◦ number of system purposes and user perception of these purposes◦ number of routine processes, interactions, and “emergent

behaviors”◦ number of (overlapping) policy domains and enforceable

mechanisms◦ number of people involved in some way◦ …..

ULS systems are interdependent webs of software-reliant systems,

people, policies, cultures, and economics.

Các đặc tính của các hệ thống siêu lớn (Ultra-Large-Scale)

◦ Decentralization

◦ Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements

◦ Heterogeneous, inconsistent, and changing elements

◦ Erosion of the people/system boundary

◦ Normal failures

◦ New paradigms for acquisition and policy

Decentralization

DataDevelopmentEvolutionOperational controlCommunication

Decentralized data

Decentralized development

Linux – a Unix-Based operating system open source movement philosophy contribute to the open

Apache — a leading server software and scripting language on the web source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging

MySQL — a database management system programming code for software

PHP — a widely used open source general- development. purpose scripting language

Open Source MovementProgrammer who support open source movement philosophy contribute to the open source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development

Decentralized communication

Skype is the largest telephone company in the world but has almost no centralized infrastructure

Decentralized controller

LARGE-SCALE SYSTEM

Controller 1 Controller n

u1 un

y1 yn

. . .

Input Output

ULS systems will be developed and used by a wide variety of stakeholders with unavoidably different, conflicting, complex, and changing needs.

Inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements

3. Những thách thức◦ Thiết kế và Tiến hóa

◦ Điều phối và kiểm soát

◦ Giám sát và đánh giá

“There are challenges associated

with ULS systems that today’s

perspectives are very unlikely to

be able to address.”

Thiết kế và Tiến hóa

Kinh tế và cơ cấu ngành công nghiệp (industry structure) Hoạt động xã hội để xây dựng môi trường tính toán Vấn đề pháp lý (Legal issues) Enforcement mechanisms and processes Definition of common services supporting the ULS system Rules and regulations Agility Handling of change Integration User-controlled evolution Computer-supported evolution Adaptable structure Emergent quality

Điều phố và kiểm soát

Online modificationMaintenance of quality of serviceCreation and execution of policies

and rulesAdaptation to users and contextsEnabling of user-controlled

orchestration

Giám sát và đánh giá

Defining the indicatorsUnderstanding why indicators

changePrioritizing the indicatorsHandling change and imperfect

informationGauging the human elements

Research Portfolio

Human InteractionComputational EmergenceDesignComputational EngineeringAdaptive System InfrastructureAdaptable and Predictable System

QualityPolicy, Acquisition, and

Management

SEVEN YEARS LATER