Uml and Use Cases

CS 414, Software Engineering IMark Ardis

Rose-Hulman InstituteJanuary 9, 2003

2

Outline

UML Use cases Sequence diagrams Activity diagrams How to write use cases

3

Note About Slides

Some of these slides are from a course by Rational Software Corp.

Some of these slides are from Alastair Cockburn

Please respect their copyrights

4

What Is the UML?

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language for

Specifying Visualizing Constructing Documenting

the artifacts of a software-intensive system

5

UML History

Inputs to UML

Fusion

Operation descriptions,Message numbering

Meyer

Before and after conditions

Harel

State charts

Wirfs-Brock

Responsibilities

Embley

Singleton classes, High-level view

Odell

Classification

Shlaer - Mellor

Object Lifecycles

Gamma, et.al

Frameworks, patterns,notes

Booch

JacobsonRumbaugh

7

The UML Provides Standardized Diagrams

DeploymentDiagram

DeploymentDiagram

Use CaseDiagrams

Use CaseDiagramsUse Case

Diagrams

Use CaseDiagramsUse Case

Diagrams

Use CaseDiagrams

ScenarioDiagrams

ScenarioDiagramsScenario

Diagrams

ScenarioDiagramsSequence

Diagrams

SequenceDiagrams

StateDiagrams

StateDiagramsState

Diagrams

StateDiagramsState

Diagrams

StateDiagrams

ComponentDiagrams

ComponentDiagramsComponent

Diagrams

ComponentDiagramsComponentDiagrams

ComponentDiagrams

Model

StateDiagrams

StateDiagramsState

Diagrams

StateDiagramsObject

Diagrams

ObjectDiagrams

ScenarioDiagrams

ScenarioDiagramsScenario

Diagrams

ScenarioDiagramsCollaboration

Diagrams

CollaborationDiagrams

Use CaseDiagrams

Use CaseDiagramsUse Case

Diagrams

Use CaseDiagramsActivity

Diagrams

ActivityDiagrams

StateDiagrams

StateDiagramsState

Diagrams

StateDiagramsClass

Diagrams

ClassDiagrams

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UML Diagrams Are Key System Artifacts

Actor A

Use Case 1

Use Case 2

Actor B

user : »ç¿ëÀÚ

mainWnd : MainWnd

fileMgr : FileMgr

repository : Repositorydocument : Document

gFile : GrpFile

9: sortByName ( )

L1: Doc view request ( )

2: fetchDoc( )

5: readDoc ( )

7: readFile ( )

3: create ( )

6: fillDocument ( )

4: create ( )

8: fillFile ( )

GrpFile

read( )open( )create( )fillFile( )

rep

Repository

name : char * = 0

readDoc( )readFile( )

(from Persistence)

FileMgr

fetchDoc( )sortByName( )

DocumentList

add( )delete( )

Document

name : intdocid : intnumField : int

get( )open( )close( )read( )sortFileList( )create( )fillDocument( )

fList

1

FileList

add( )delete( )

1

File

read( )

read() fill the code..

UI

MFC

RogueWave

global

DocumentApp

Persistence Window95

¹®¼ °ü¸® Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®.EXE

WindowsNT

¹®¼ °ü¸® ¿£Áø.EXE

WindowsNT

Windows95

Solaris

ÀÀ¿ë¼ ¹ö.EXE

AlphaUNIX

IBM Mainframe

µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º¼ ¹ö

Windows95

¹®¼ °ü¸® ¾ÖÇø´

ºÐ»ê ȯ°æÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î¹× ³×Æ®¿÷À¸·ÎÀÇ Á¤º¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¿¬°á ¸ðµ¨ - À©µµ¿ì 95 : Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® - À©µµ¿ì NT: ÀÀ¿ë¼ ¹ö - À¯´Ð½º ¸Ó½Å: ÀÀ¿ë ¼ ¹ö ¹× µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼ ¹ö, Åë½Å ¼ ¹ö - IBM ¸ÞÀÎÇÁ·¹ÀÓ: µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼ ¹ö, Åë½Å ¼ ¹ö

Document

FileManager

GraphicFileFile

Repository DocumentList

FileList

user

mainWnd fileMgr : FileMgr

repositorydocument : Document

gFile

1: Doc view request ( )

2: fetchDoc( )

3: create ( )

4: create ( )

5: readDoc ( )

6: fillDocument ( )

7: readFile ( )

8: fillFile ( )

9: sortByName ( )

ƯÁ¤¹®¼ ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸±â¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.

È ÀÏ°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â Àоî¿Â ¹®¼ ÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇØ´ç ¹®¼ °´Ã¼¿¡ ¼³Á¤À» ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.

È ̧é °´Ã¼´Â ÀоîµéÀÎ °´Ã¼µé¿¡ ´ëÇØ À̸§º°·Î Á¤·ÄÀ» ½ÃÄÑ È ̧é¿¡ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

Customernameaddr

withdraw()fetch()send()

receive()

<<entity>>

Forward Engineering(Code Generation)and

Reverse Engineering

Executable System

User InterfaceDefinition

Domain Expert

Openning

Writing

ReadingClosing

add file [ numberOffile==MAX ] / flag OFF

add file

close file

close file

Use Case 3

Source Code edit, compile, debug, link

Use-Case Diagram

Class Diagram

Collaboration Diagram

Sequence Diagram

Component Diagram

State Diagram

Package Diagram

Deployment DiagramClass

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Rational Unified Process (RUP)

Management

Environment

Business Modeling

Implementation

Test

Analysis & Design

Preliminary Iteration(s)

Iter.#1

PhasesProcess Workflows

Iterations

Supporting Workflows

Iter.#2

Iter.#n

Iter.#n+1

Iter.#n+2

Iter.#m

Iter.#m+1

Deployment

Configuration Mgmt

Requirements

Elaboration TransitionInception Construction

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Business Modeling Workflow

Find Business Actorsand Use CasesBusiness-Process

Analyst

S tructure the Business Use-Case

M odel

Capture a Com m on

Vocabulary Business M odelReviewer

Review the Business

Use-Case M odel

Detail a Business Use Case

Business Designer

Review the Business

O bject M odelDetail a Business Entity

F ind Business W orkers and Entities

Detail a Business W orker

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Requirements Workflow

U se-C ase Specifier

R equirem entsR eview er

U ser-In terfaceD esigner

C apture a C om m on

Vocabulary

F ind Actors and U se C ases

R eviewR equirem ents

S tructure the U se-C ase M odel

U ser-In terfacePrototyp ing

D eta il a U se C ase

E lic it S takeholder N eeds

M anage D ependencies

Arch itectP rioritize

U se C ases

D evelopVision

U ser-In terfaceM odeling

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Analysis & Design Workflow

Architect

D esigner

A rchitectura lAnalysis

A rchitectureR eview er

R eview theD esign

R eview theArchitecture

U se-C aseAnalysis

A rchitectura lD esign

D escribeC oncurrency

D escribeD istribution

D atabaseD esigner

C lassD esign

Subsystem D esign

U se-C ase D esign

D atabaseD esign

D esignR eview er

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Outline

UML Use cases Sequence diagrams Activity diagrams How to write use cases

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Use-Case

Name Brief description Flows of Events Relationships Activity and State

diagrams Use-Case diagrams Special requirements Preconditions Postconditions Other diagrams

Use-Case Reports

...

Use Case Model

Actors

Use Cases

Example Use-Case Diagram

Submit Grades

Professor

View Report Card

Select Courses to Teach

Student

Course Catalog

Register for Courses Maintain Student Information

Maintain Professor InformationRegistrar

Billing SystemClose Registration

Login

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Use-Case Flows of Events

Has one normal, basic flow ("Happy Path" or "Sunny Day Scenario")

Several alternative flows Regular variants Odd cases Exceptional flows handling error

situations

“Happy Path”

What Are Scenarios ?

A scenario is an instance of a use case

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Checkpoints: Actors

Have all the actors been identified? Is each actor involved with at least one use

case? Is each actor really a role? Should any be

merged or split? Do two actors play the same role in relation to

a use case? Do the actors have intuitive and descriptive

names? Can both users and customers understand the names?

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Checkpoints: Use-Cases

Is each use case involved with at least one actor?

Is each use case independent of the others? Do any use cases have very similar behaviors

or flows of events? Do the use cases have unique, intuitive, and

explanatory names so that they cannot be mixed up at a later stage?

Do customers and users alike understand the names and descriptions of the use cases?

A First Step Towards Executables

Use Cases AnalysisClasses

SourceCode

ExecDesignClasses

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Use Case Realization

Use Case Use Case Realization

<<realizes>>

Class Diagrams

Sequence Diagrams Collaboration Diagrams

Use Case Realization

Documentation

Use Case Model Design Model

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Outline

UML Use cases Sequence diagrams Activity diagrams How to write use cases

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Example: Sequence Diagram

: Student : MaintainScheduleForm

: RegistrationController

: Schedule : MainForm : CourseCatalogSystem

5: // select 4 primary and 2 alternate offerings( )

6: // add courses to schedule( )

7: // create with offerings( )

1: // select maintain schedule( )

2: // open schedule form( )

3: // get course offerings( )

4: // get course offerings( )

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AF3

One Interaction Diagram Not Good Enough

Alternate Flow 4 Alternate Flow 5 Alternate Flow n

Alternate Flow 1 Alternate Flow 2 Alternate Flow 3

AF1

AF2

Basic Flow

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Outline

UML Use cases Sequence diagrams Activity diagrams How to write use cases

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Select Course

CheckSchedule

CheckPre-requisites

Assign toCourse

ResolveConflict

UpdateSchedule

[checks completed] [checks failed]

[student addedto course]

Example: Activity Diagram

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Outline

UML Use cases Sequence diagrams Activity diagrams How to write use cases

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