un 2002-05 part 1 e (1997-02)

Continued on pages 2 to 22

KRUPP UHDE STANDARD February 1997

Vessels and equipmentMANUFACTURING DEFICIENCIES AT GLASS

REINFORCED THERMOSETTING PLASTICS VESSELSAND EQUIPMENT

UN2002-05

Part 1

Behlter und Apparate; Fertigungstechnische Fehler an Behlternund Apparaten aus glasfaserverstrkten Duroplasten

ContentsPage

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................................................1

2 Requirements .......................................................................................................................................................1

3 Tests/inspections.................................................................................................................................................2

Reference standards .........................................................................................................................................................22

Table 1. Check of dimensional accuracy and of workmanship..................................................................................3Table 2. Requirements specified for laminate; testing method: visual inspection ..................................................7Table 3. Requirements for the thermoplastic lining ..................................................................................................12Table 4. Requirements for hot-gas welds ..................................................................................................................13Table 5. Requirements for heated tool butt welds ....................................................................................................16Table 6. Requirements for laminate structure and laminate properties ..................................................................18Table 7. Requirements for laminate curing................................................................................................................20Table 8. Requirements for tightness ..........................................................................................................................21Table 9. Requirements for final condition and check for completeness.................................................................21

1 ScopeThis Krupp Uhde standard applies to the tests/inspections of process vessels and equipment (hereinafterreferred to as process vessels) made of glass reinforced thermosetting plastics:

a) with a highly resinous core sheet (chemical coating resistant to chemicals) 1)

b) with a liner of thermoplastic plastics, such as

polyvinyl chloride rigid (PVC-U) of normal impact strength polyvinyl chloride rigid (PVC-HI) of raised impact strength high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) polypropylene (PP) homopolymer and copolymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

The standard describes manufacturing deficiencies in order to facilitate inspection and assessment of theprocess vessels with due consideration for graduated quality requirements specified in categories.The implementation of the Krupp Uhde standard and the measures required for fulfilment are governed byapplicable statutory regulations, generally accepted technical standards or laid down in general specifications.

2 Requirements2.1 Duty classThe customer shall specify the quality acceptance level on the basis of the three categories stated below toclearly define the scope of quality assurance requirements, especially referred to the technical productionquality, to be fulfilled by the engineering company and the manufacturer:

I. High hazard potential or high requirements for availability

II. Medium hazard potential or medium requirements for availability

III. Low hazard potential or low requirements for availability

1) Definition see DIN 16965-4

Date Prepared Date Checked Date Approved

1997 Krupp Uhde GmbH Technical discipline: Equipment

UN 2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

The plant operator shall select one of the above three categories with due consideration for the following crite-ria:

Feedstock:toxicity, flammability, aggressiveness, water hazard, operating temperature, change in temperature

Type of stress:(e.g. static or dynamic)

Operating conditions:(e.g. constant or alternating)

Materials and material combinations:(e.g. properties, known behaviour, references)

Manufacture:(e.g. in the workshop, on site, manufacturing processes)

Sophisticated design/engineering:(e.g. difficult machining/shaping, large volume, number of nozzles and internals)

Monitoring of component and operating conditions:(e.g. systems for regular, large and automatic internal monitoring)

Failure effects:(e.g. health hazard, environmental hazard, economic effects)

2.2 Engineering documents dataThe component duty class shall be specified in the engineering documents referring to this standard. Anyadditional requirements for the mechanical design or properties shall be agreed upon separately and recordedin the engineering documents.

3 Tests/inspectionsThe conditions specified for the above-mentioned categories shall be substantiated by visual inspection,measurement and, if required, by adequate non-destructive or destructive testing. Only prefabricated compo-nents shall be subjected to testing.

Certain properties shall be evidenced by destructive testing of nozzle sections or test specimens (e.g. compo-nents fabricated in simultaneously) to be manufactured under identical conditions. The date, method andplace of testing shall be agreed by the customer and the manufacturer. The testing results shall be recorded.

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 1. Check of dimensional accuracy and of workmanship

SerialNo. To be checked Scope of testing

Testing method/measuring devices Requirement to be met, dimensional tolerances Remarks

1

Outside or insidediameter

Length in mm: 2000: min. 1 measurement> 2000: min. 2 measurements> 4000: min. 3 measurements

Tape measure,circumference tapemeasure, gauging

The mean outside diameter is to be calculated on the basis of thecircumference measurements.Maximum deviation from specified outside diameter 0.5 %(in the case of a diameter of > 1000 mm)Inside diameter to be agreed

Thermosetting plastics:Diameter 1000 mmDIN 16965, Glass--reinforced polyesterresin pipes

Thermoplastics:Diameter 1000 mmDIN 8062, unplasticized PVC pipes, dimen-sionsDIN 8074, PE-HD pipes, dimensionsDIN 8077, PP pipes, dimensions

U = minmax

minmax

DDDD

+- )(2

100 in %

The following values shall not be exceeded:

Wall thickness/diameterratio

Internalpressure

Externalpressure

s/D 0.01 2 %

0.01 < s/D 0.1 1.5 %1.5%

2

Non-circularity 1 measuring level with 4 pointson the circumference(staggered by approx. 45)in the centre of the vessel

Gauging

3

Smoothed downsections

Rough visual inspection of theentire surface

Visual inspection According to AD specification HP 1 or N 1, the following applies topressure vessels:

Individual smoothed down sections must also be within this toler-ance and be flat. The depth measured as deviation from the nor-mal roundnes or surface line must not exceed 1 % of the length orwidth of smoothed down section.

4Deviation fromstraight line(surface line)

2 measurements staggered by90

Realigning using the stringlineMeter rule

Maximum 0.5 % of cylindrical length

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 1. continued


Testing method/measuring devices

Requirement to be met, dimensionaltolerances Remarks

Linear misalignment of edges (vesselswithout lining)

5

1 measurement at the point ofthe largest deviation

Slide gaugeReducing meter rule

30 % of wall thickness; however, not more than5 mm, if an inner overlaminate is possible, oth-erwise max. 2 mm

Misalignment of longitudinal and cir-cumferential welds

6

Each joint Visual inspection x 6 times wall thickness, but min. 50 mm Longitudinal and circumferential welds oflining must not be covered by partsplaced above, such as internals.

7

Wall thickness As specified by customer If possible, mechanicaltesting of sections cut off orof semi-finished products.Magnetic or ultrasonic test-ing is optional

In the case of semi-finished products accordingto standard dimension for the sections to betested; tolerances given in drawings to be met, ifrequired..

8Manholes, inspection openings Clearance Meter rule The dimensions stated are minimum values.

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 1. continued




Lifting lugs Arrangement according to planview

Meter rule, tape measure

Lug thickness s

Lug width b

Lug hole d

Caliper gauge

9

Reinforcements and overlami-nate dimensions

Meter rule, tape measure

Degree of accuracy C according toEN ISO 13920

10 Component length 1 measurement Tape measure Degree of accuracy C according toEN ISO 13920Reference point according to drawingdetails

CompletenessOrientationNominal size

Visual inspection As specified

Spacing from reference level Degree of accuracy B according toEN ISO 13920

Nozzle lengthNozzle spacing

Meter rule Degree of accuracy B according toEN ISO 13920(but 1 mm in the case of related nozzles, suchas level gauge)

Angular accuracy of nozzles Angles/spirit level 0.5

11

Nozzles

Dimensions of flanged connec-tion, bore orientation and per-pendicularity tolerance of flangeface

Tape measure/calipergaugeVisual inspection

Tolerances according to DIN 16966-7

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 1. continued




Arrangement according to planview

Visual inspection

Spacing from reference level Degree of accuracy C according toEN ISO 13920

Deviation from horizontal line

Meter rule, tape measureAngles/spirit level

0.5, but not more than 10 mm

12

Supporting brackets,saddle,pedestals,supporting rings,skirts

Diameters of mounting holesNumber of holes

Caliper gaugeVisual inspection

+ 2 mmNumber according to drawing

Angular orientation of flangefaces to surface

Angles/spirit level DIN 28006-1

Companion dimensions and holeorientation

Visual inspectionMeter rule

Tolerance according to DIN 2519 orDIN 28030-213

Block flanges for agitator drive

Deviation from specified agitatoraxis

Conductor wire with fixingaids to flanges

Up to 1000 mm vessel diameter:max. 3 mm, if exceeding:max. 0.003 vessel diameter

14

Bolts and nuts Identification according toDIN 267-13,EN ISO 3506-1 up to -3

Dimensions(random check)

Visual inspection

Meter rule/caliper gauge

According to drawing or purchase order

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 2. Requirements specified for laminate; testing method: visual inspection

Requirement categoriesSerialNo.

Deficiency/features Description/reason

Location ofdeficiency I II III

Chemically resistant coat-ing

inadmissible inadmissible Small individual grooves per-mitted in the case of a flat profileand integer fine resin layer

Supporting laminate 1

Grooves Recesses or traces occurring in regular orirregular intervals and with relatively sharpedges, either of individual or intersectedtype or nested unidirectionally in largenumbers,for example on account of

- machining such as turning on alathe, grinding, etc.

Outer layer permitted if covered with fineresin top coat

permitted if covered with fineresin top coat

permitted


inadmissible inadmissible Small individual grooves per-mitted in the case of a flat pro-file and integer fine resin layer


Striae, scratches,notches

Pit-type traces clearly visible and not run-ning straight,for example on account of

- improper machining such as free-hand grinding

- defects occurred during transportOuter layer permitted if supporting laminate

is not affected and post-sealinghas been carried out

permitted if supporting laminateonly affected to a small extentand post-sealing has been car-ried out

permitted in the case of post-sealing


inadmissible

Supporting laminate little waviness permitted

little waviness permitted

3

Waved surface Uniform or non-uniform waviness of thesurface or of the entire laminate,for example on account of

- improper winding of the supportinglaminate

- compression of the glass-fibre matswhen being laminated

Outer layer permitted permitted

permitted


inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible


Checked surfaces Fine open blisters, reams or pebbles andthe like,for example on account of

- penetration of moisture or solvents during the curing cycle

Outer layer regionally permitted permitted in restricted areas permitted


inadmissible inadmissible

Supporting laminate5

Wrinkles Mats, fabrics or non-woven squeezed toform wrinkles,for example on account of

- improper winding

Outer layer

inadmissible

regionally permitted regionally permitted

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 2. continued



Location ofdeficiency I II III

Chemically resistant coating inadmissible inadmissible individual droplets and tearspermitted


Resin residues Resin droplets, resin tears and drippedresin

Outer layer inadmissible regionally permitted permitted in restricted areas

Chemically resistant coating inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible


Abrasion Flat, more or less local surface abrasion,including bare glass fibres, if any,for example on account of

- improper transport- dragging on the ground Outer layer inadmissible permitted in low depth and if

sealedpermitted if abraded sectionsare sealed



Fins Sharp-edged raised surface sections,especially on corners and radii,for example on account of

- gummed, but protruding glass fibres- open web ends of ribbons Outer layer inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible



Bare glass fibres Non-wetted individual glass fibres or fibrebundles projecting from the surface,for example on account of

- improper machiningOuter layer inadmissible inadmissible individual fibres permitted


Supporting laminate -10

Non-sealed edges of cut Unsealed non-reinforced edges of cutsections or ground edges and drilledholes

Outer layer inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible


Supporting laminate -11

Swollen fine layer Rough and waved but closed surface(thick skin),for example on account of

- impact of styrene or solvent on thesurface to be interlaced Outer layer inadmissible inadmissible regionally permitted

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 2. continued



Location of defi-ciency I II III



Colour differences Colour differences of the laminate withoutany other visible deficiencies,for example on account of

- other reaction additives- different reaction temperatures- different laminate thickness Outer layer

small differences permitted different laminating processespermitted permitted



Superheating Severe discoloration or haze of the lami-nate on account of excess heat of reac-tion,for example on account of

- incorrect metering of reagents added- insufficient heat dissipation when

laminating thick-walled componentsOuter layer

inadmissible inadmissibleindividual spots permitted pro-vided there are no delamina-tions




Surface cracks Local top layer separation of low depthand usually considerable length, either ofindividual or nested type,for example on account of

- internal and external stresses- non-woven layer too thick or resin

layer not reinforced- mechanical impact

Outer layer inadmissible individual separate cracks per-mitted

individual separated crackspermitted


inadmissible

Supporting laminate local sections permitted15

SeparationDelamination

Separation of one or more laminate lay-ers, usually accompanied by laminatecracks, also on edges of cut and over-laminates, visible as crazing (cloudiness)of the laminate,for example on account of

- hardening stress- mechanical impact- separate hardening of one or more

layers

Outer layerinadmissible inadmissible

individual spots permitted



Laminate fracture Laminate separation over several layersor continuously, usually accompanied bydelamination and cracks,for example on account of

- mechanical impact- internal and external pressure Outer layer


UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 2. continued







Openings No or insufficient overlaminate on lami-nated components, e.g. nozzles, sup-porting elements etc.

Outer layer inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible


small and closed individualpores and pores uniformly dis-tributed permitted

closed individual pores andpores uniformly distributed per-mitted

closed individual pores andpores uniformly distributedpermitted


Pores Spherical air pockets in the top layer,mainly open or only covered with a thinlayer,for example on account of

- insufficient aeration- high resin viscosity

Outer layer individual and nested pores andpores uniformly distributed per-mitted

nested pores and pores uni-formly distributed permitted

nested pores and pores uni-formly distributed permitted


individual blisters permitted upto max. 2 mm extension

permitted up to max. 2 mm ex-tension and max. 10 blisters per16 cm


Supporting laminate individual blisters permitted upto max. 5 mm extension


permitted up to max. 10 mmextension and max. 5 blistersper 16 cm

19

Blisters, bubbles Air pockets of low depth, but usually withconsiderable volume, in individual or sev-eral stacked laminate layers, uniformlydistributed, of individual or nested type,for example on account of

- excessive resin viscosity- insufficient aeration- moisture absorbed by laminates

Outer layer permitted up to max. 2 mm ex-tension and max. 10 blisters per16 cm






Inclusions of foreignmatter

Outer layer

individual small inclusions per-mitted



UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 2. continued





inadmissible poorly discernible permitted


Glass fibres insufficientlywet

Single-layer or multi-layer glass fibres, ofsame surface area extent or runningalong the rolling direction, either non-soaked or not fully soaked, visible ascrazing, caused by inadequate adhesionof the resin on the glass fibre on accountof

- unsuitable lubricant product (size)- moisture content of the reinforcing

material

Outer layerinadmissible

poorly discernible permitted permitted



Supporting laminate regionally permitted permitted in restricted areas22

Lack of resin Resin content in laminate too low, espe-cially in the case of wrapped laminatesand fabric layers, visible as crazing andfibre structure , for example on account of

- resin viscosity being too low- hardening of rovings or fabrics Outer layer

inadmissible




Supporting laminate regionally permitted23

Resin enrichment Improper glass flux, usually accompaniedby resin cracks, especially on edges, forexample on account of

- resin viscosity being too high- wrapped laminates with too wide

spacing- no overlapping- displacement of mats

Outer layer

inadmissible

inadmissibleregionally permitted


Supporting laminate

inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible24

Discoloration Discoloration of the entire laminate or thesurface layer

Outer layer permitted on approval




No fine layer and/or non-woven reinforcement

On the entire surface, surface sections orlocal spots

Outer layer inadmissible regionally permitted permitted

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 3. Requirements for the thermoplastic lining

Requirement categoriesSerialNo. Features Description/reason I II III

Material properties

1Wrong lining material The lining material does not correspond to the moulding

compound type specified in the drawing or purchaseorder

inadmissible inadmissible permitted if adequate durabilityhas been proved

2Lining thickness fallen below The lining thickness has fallen below, e.g.

- of the entire component- on deep-drawn parts- on contact faces

inadmissible permitted up to max. 10 % oftarget wall thickness

permitted up to max. 20 % oftarget wall thickness

3Insufficient adhesive strength The lining/laminate adhesive strength does not corre-

spond to the minimum adhesive strength specified inthe General Specification. The average values of atleast 5 specimens shall apply.

inadmissible max. 10 % minus tolerance max. 20 % minus tolerance

4 Deficiencies of lining material Cracks, pores, bubbles or inclusions in the lining mate-rialinadmissible small individual pores permitted small individual pores permitted

5 No conductive layer on welds Lap joints have poor conductivity inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible

6 Separation, blisters Voids between lining and structural wall inadmissible inadmissible regional spots, little separationpermitted

7 Welds insufficiently smoothed towardslaminate sidepermitted up to max. 0.5 mm projection of weld

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 4. Requirements for hot-gas welds


External weld surface findings on single-V joints welded from one or both sides

Cracks

1

Individual or nested longitudinal or crosswisecracks in the weld, with and without branches. Theymay be located

- in the weld- in the base material- in the heat-affected zone


Notched bead

2

Clearly visible and perceptible recess along and/orbetween individual welds,for example on account of

- die defect- poor manipulation of welding wire

inadmissible locally permitted if k > 0 locally permitted if k > 0

Undercut notches

3

Notches in the base material along the weld,for example on account of

- intrusion of die edge- weld machining- insufficient undercut penetration

inadmissible locally permitted if transition isflatDs 0.1 s

but max. 1 mm

continuously permitted if transi-tion is flatDs 0.1 s

but max. 1 mm

Incomplete root fusion

4

Notch caused by insufficient root filler pass, for ex-ample on account of

- root gap being too small- wire too large for root welding- included angle too small when preparing the

weld- welding pressure too low


Incompletely welded cross section

5

Incompletely welded cross section,for example on account of

- insufficient weld preparation


locally permitted ifDs 0.1 s

but max. 1 mm

Convex weld root

6

Convex weld root,for example on account of

- root gap is too large- compressed root pass

locally permitted ifDs 0.15 s

but max. 1 mm

continuously permitted ifDs 0.2 s

but max. 2 mm

continuously permitted ifDs 0.25 s

but max. 3 mm

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 4. continued



Weld reinforcement

7

Weld reinforced,for example on account of

- excess number of single wires- wrong weld preparation

continuously permitted if0.1 s Ds 0.2 s

continuously permitted if0.05 s Ds 0.3 s

continuously permitted if0 s Ds 0.4 s

Insufficient joint sealing8

Welded cross section not properly filled inadmissible inadmissible inadmissible

Misaligned joint faces For example:

- same wall thicknesses, faces misaligned

9

- varying wall thicknesses have inadequatebeen adjusted

locally permitted up to2)

e1 0.25 s

e2 0.25 s

but max. 1 mm

permitted up to2)

e1 0.25 s

e2 0.25 s

but max. 1 mm

permitted up to2)

e1 0.25 s

e2 0.25 s

but max. 1 mm

Mismatch of angles (mould deficiency)on cylindrical sections

10

permitted if

e 3

permitted if

e 6

permitted if

e 8

Weld crossings

11

Requirements specified in Table 1, serial no. 6,have not been met


12Waved weld surface Waved surface running perpendicular to the weld in

the top layer, for example on account of

- welding pressure and speed acting non-uniformly

little waviness regionally per-mitted

little waviness continuouslypermitted

continuously permitted

2) These values apply to vessels and equipment with a diameter 4 m. In the case of larger diameters, the e1 and e2 dimensions shall be agreed between the contractual parties.

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 4. continued



13Rough weld surface Fine open bubbles and pebbles,

for example on account of

- dirty welding shoe- warm gas temperature being too hot

inadmissible individual spots permitted permitted in restricted areas

14Inappropriate start of seam Incompletely welded cross section on start and end

of seaminadmissible Permitted if cross section di-

minishing slightly without sharptransitions

permitted

15 Thermal damage Discoloration, formation of pebbles and glossy weldsurfaceinadmissible individual spots permitted permitted in restricted areas

Pores

16

Pores, for example on account of

Steam formation during welding (water, solvents)

small individual pores permittedif Ds 0.05 s

pores and pore linear formationpermitted ifDs 0.10 s

pores and pore linear formationpermitted ifDs 0.15 s

Lack of fusion

17

Unfused area running horizontally or vertically inthe weld or on the weld side faces,for example on account of

- welding temperature being too low- joining faces being dirty


18Inclusions of foreign matter Inclusions of foreign matter,

for example on account of

- dirty die, welding wire and joining face


UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 5. Requirements for heated tool butt welds


External weld joint findings

Cracks

1

Longitudinal or crosswise cracks in the weld. Theymay be located

- in the weld- in the base material- in the heat-affected zone


Notched beads

2

Continuous or local notches in longitudinal directionof the weld with notch root in the base material,for example on account of

- insufficient joining pressure- warming-up time too short- cooling time too short


Notches and striae

3

Edge notches in the base material, running in lon-gitudinal or transverse direction across the weld,for example on account of

- clamping tools- improper transport- insufficient weld preparation

inadmissible locally permitted if ending with-out reinforcement and

Ds 0.10 s

but max. 1 mm

locally permitted if ending with-out reinforcement and

Ds 0.1 s

but max. 1 mm

Mismatch of joint faces

4

Joining faces misaligned towards each other ordifferences in thickness not adjusted

permitted if

e 0.1 sbut max. 1 mm

permitted if

e 0.1 s

but max. 1 mm

permitted if

e 0.2 sbut max. 2 mm

Angles deviating

5

For example:

- inappropriate alignment- removal from the mould too early

permitted if

e 3 mm

permitted if

e 6 mm

permitted if

e 8 mm

Narrow, convex weld fin

6

Convex and sharp-edged weld fins, partially or overthe whole weld length or periphery, on account ofincorrect welding parameters, especially

- excess joining pressure


UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 5. continued


External weld joint findings

7Thermal damage High-glossy weld surface, with inclusions or peb-

bles, usually accompanied by defective weld upsetand distinctive notch formation


Internal weld joint condition

Lack of fusion

8

No or incomplete fusion on joining faces, partially orover the overall weld cross section,for example on account of

- dirty jointing faces- oxidised jointing faces- time being too long- change-over temperature of heated tool being

too low- change-over temperature of heated tool being

too high


Inclusions of foreign matter

9

individual, scattered or locally nested pores or in-clusions,for example on account of

- fibres- dirty heated tool


UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 6. Requirements for laminate structure and laminate properties

Requirement categoriesSerialNo. Deficiency/features Description/reason



permitted if adequate durabilityhas been proved

Supporting laminateinadmissible

permitted if adequate strengthhas been proved

1

Unsuitable manufactur-ing process

Laminate type, e.g. rolled laminate, fibrespray-up laminate, does not correspondto drawing data or General Specification

Outer layer

inadmissible

permitted permitted





2

Inappropriate laminatestructure

Laminate structure (order and/or ratio ofmats, woven, winding pattern) does notcorrespond to drawing data or GeneralSpecification

Outer layer

inadmissible

permitted permitted


permitted up to max. 5 % defi-ciency in content


permitted up to max. 5 % ex-cess in content

permitted up to max. 5 % sur-plus or deficiency in content

3

Incorrect glass fibremass content

The glass fibre mass content does notcorrespond to drawing data or GeneralSpecification

Outer layer

Chemically resistant coat-ing inadmissible


Supporting laminate permitted if adequate strengthand/or durability has beenproved

permitted if adequate strengthand/or durability has beenproved

4

Unsuitable reinforcementmaterial

The glass fibre material used does notcorrespond to drawing data or GeneralSpecification

Outer layer

inadmissible

permitted permitted

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 6. continued

Requirement categoriesSerialNo. Deficiency/features Description/reason



inadmissible permitted if adequate durabilityhas been proved

Supporting laminate permitted if adequate durabilityhas been proved


5

Unsuitable resin selected The laminating and surface resin useddoes not correspond to the specified type.

Outer layer

inadmissible

permitted permitted



Supporting laminate permitted if adequate strengthhas been proved


6

Unsuitable fibre orienta-tion

The glass fabrics do not correspond to thedirection specified in the drawing or sin-gle-oriented woven type fabrics havebeen used.

Outer layer

inadmissible



Supporting laminate inadmissible permitted if wall thicknesses arerated accordingly

permitted if wall thicknesses arerated accordingly

7

Insufficient laminatestrength

The strength specified in the drawings orGeneral Specification was not achieved inboth or in one direction.

Outer layer


Supporting laminate inadmissible no proof required no proof required8

Creep susceptibility The creep strength factors assumed inthe stress analysis (A1 values) have notbeen proved.

Outer layer


inadmissible


Inadmissible fillers Inadmissible fillers or pigments have beenadded to the resin.

Outer layer

inadmissiblepermitted if adequate durabilityhas been proved


UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 7. Requirements for laminate curing

Requirement categoriesSerialNo. Deficiency/criterion Description/reason



1

Insufficient surface hard-ness after heat treatment

Laminate surface gummy after wiping withan acetone-impregnated cloth 3). The rea-sons may be:

- insufficient resin reactivity- defective reaction system- insufficient curing conditions- atmospheric oxygen inhibiting

Outer layer

If the result is negative (non-gummy surface) the hardness is sufficient; a positive result (gummysurface) does not always point to an inadequate hardness but must be substantiated by furthertests, e.g. determination of the styrene content.


2

Inadequate surfacehardness after heattreatment

Hardness test according to EN 59 3)

(Barcol hardness)< 40 scale intervals in the case of UPresin moulding materials< 35 seconds in the case of VE resinmoulding materials Outer layer

Adequate hardness is achieved when the specified values are reached. Inadequate values do notalways point to an inadequate hardness but must be substantiated by other tests, e.g. determinationof the styrene content.



Styrene content too highafter heat treatment

The residual styrene content does notcorrespond to the values specified in theGeneral Specification or by the resin pro-ducer.

Outer layer

inadmissible permitted up to max. 50 % de-viationpermitted up to max. 100 %deviation

3) Testing according to serial nos. 1 and 2 may only be made on the external laminate surface and on the internal face of laminate cut outs.

UN

2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Table 8. Requirements for tightness


1 Spark failure detected during high-voltage testFaulty weld

2 Leaks detected during leak of pressuretestLeak detected during water filling without excessivepressure or after applying the test pressure

inadmissible

3Number of bolts incomplete Number of bolts on flanges does not correspond to

standard or drawing

inadmissible

permitted if adequate opera-tional tightness has beenproved

4 Wrong gasket shapem Form of gasket does not correspond to drawing permitted if adequate tightness and flange strength, if required,during leak or pressure test have been proved

5 Wrong gasket material Gasket material does not correspond to the materialspecified in the drawing or purchase order

inadmissible

permitted if adequate durability and tightness during leak or pres-sure test have been proved

Table 9. Requirements for final condition and check for completeness


1 No nameplate

2 No warning labels (stickers)

3 Vessel openings for transport and as-sembly not closed

4 Impurities or moisture The inside or outside of the component is considerablydirty or the inside is not dry.


UN 2002-05 Part 1 : 1997-02

Reference standardsDIN standards:DIN 267-13 : 1993-08 Fasteners; technical specifications; parts for bolted connections with specific me-

chanical properties for use at temperatures ranging from -200 C to +700 CDIN 2519 :1966-08 Steel Flanges; Technical Conditions of DeliveryDIN 8062 :1988-11 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U, PVC-HI) pipes; dimensionsDIN 8074 :1999-07 Polyethylene (PE) - Pipes PE 63, PE 80, PE 100, PE-HD; DimensionsDIN 8077 :1999-07 Polypropylene (PP) pipes - PP-H 100, PP-B 80, PP-R 80; DimensionsDIN 16965-1 :1982-07 Wound glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, Type A pipes, dimen-

sionsDIN 16965-2 :1982-07 Wound glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, Type B pipes, dimen-

sionsDIN 16965-4 :1982-07 Wound glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, Type D pipes, dimen-

sionsDIN 16965-5 :1982-07 Wound glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, Type E pipes, dimen-

sionsDIN 16966-7 :1995-04 Pipe joints and their elements of glass fibre reinforced polyester resins; Bushings,

flanges, flanged and butt joints; general quality requirements and test methodsDIN 28006-1 : 1986-07 General tolerances for agitator vessels; agitator vessels for general useDIN 28030-2 : 1989-02 Flanged joints for chemical apparatus; tolerances on flange dimensionsEN standards:EN 59 :1977-11 Glass Reinforced Plastics; Measurement of Hardness by Means of a Barcol Im-

pressorEN ISO standards:EN ISO 3506-1 :1998-03 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners; Bolts,

screws and studsEN ISO 3506-2 :1998-03 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners; NutsEN ISO 3506-3 :1998-03 Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel fasteners; Set screws

and similar fasteners not under tensile stressEN ISO 13920 :1996-11 Welding; General tolerances for welded constructions; Dimensions for lengths and

angles; shape and positionother standards:AD-MerkblattHP 1 :1995-01

Design and engineering

AD-MerkblattN 1 :1987-07

Pressure vessels made of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics

Other StandardsDIN standardsDIN 2605-1 : 1991-02 Steel butt-welding pipe fittings; elbows and bends with reduced pressure factorDIN 16867 :1982-07 Glass fibre reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipes, fittings and joints for use in

chemical pipelines; Technical delivery conditionsDIN 16964 :1988-11 Wound glass fibre reinforced polyester resins (UP-GF) pipes; general quality re-

quirements and testingother standardsDVS 2202-1 :1989-12 Imperfections in thermoplastic welding joints - Features, descriptions, evaluation

un 2002-05 part 1 e (1997-02)

Documents

graduated quality requirements

scopethis krupp uhde

laminate structure

laminate properties

laminate curing

laminate testing method

polyvinyl chloride rigid

visual inspection