PNG Studies and International Relations Year 1-2016Topic: International Security and its Protocols

Presented by: Mr. Bilu Kasanda

International Security United Nations Security Council Divine Word University National Security Council

International Security United Nations Security Council

OutlineUnited Nations Security Council• Functions and powers• What is the security Council?• Maintain Peace and Security• Structure of UN Security Council• Time Line for UN Members since 1945Regional Security• Levels of Security (Systematic, State and Societal Security)PNG’s National Security Strategy and its Treaties• Functions and Powers of PNGs Security• PNG Internal and External Security • Treaties with PNGs International Borders• Vision 2050• Summary• References

Introduction to International Security

As it is define, International Security is the governing body (mandatory) of each representatives from 193 countries around the world that come together to maintain peace among the nations or state. In political view, the place to start with is the War. War is the concern in international politics because war or , even the possibility of it can destroy security.The involvement of international security has reach an unprecedented level to the extend were the realm of peace, security and the corporation is maintain.

UN Secretary GeneralMr Ban Ki-moon

United Nations Security CouncilFunctions and Powers of UNSC

Under the United Nations Charter, the functions and powers of the Security Council are:1. to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles

and purposes of the United Nations; 2. to investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction; 3. to recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement; 4. to formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments; 5. to determine the existence of a threat to the peace or act of aggression and to

recommend what action should be taken; 6. to call on Members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not

involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression; 7. to take military action against an aggressor; 8. to recommend the admission of new Members; 9. to exercise the trusteeship functions of the United Nations in "strategic areas"; 10. to recommend to the General Assembly the appointment of the

Secretary-General and, together with the Assembly, to elect the Judges of the International Court of Justice.

United Nations Security CouncilWhat is the Security Council?

The security council is the governing body that made up of representative from each country to the UN Headquarters with the main purpose to regulate the international security protocols and acts as a peace keeping force through out the world.

The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946 with 56 different countries at Church House, Westminster, London. Since its first meeting, the Security Council has taken permanent residence at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City.

Role of the Security Council • to maintain international peace and security;• to develop friendly relations among nations; • to solve international problems and in promoting respect for

human rights;• and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations

UN 1946

UN 2016

United Nations Security CouncilMaintain Peace and Security

complaint concerning a threat to peace, the council • set forth principles for such an agreement;• undertake investigation and mediation, in some

cases;• dispatch a mission;• appoint special envoys; or • request the Secretary-General to use his good offices

to achieve a pacific settlement of the dispute.When a dispute leads to hostilities, the council• issue ceasefire directives that can help prevent an

escalation of the conflict;• dispatch military observers or a peacekeeping force

to help reduce tensions, separate opposing forces and establish a calm in which peaceful settlements may be sought.

United Nations Security CouncilStructure of UN Security Council

United Nations Security CouncilTime line of UN Members Since 1945-2008

Since the first meeting with 50 members in 1945, many other countries Join the group later bring the total members to 193 to keep peace and maintain security around the world

Regional SecurityLevels of Security in the Regions

Under Regional Security, we have three different levels of classifying the system of security. We have systematic security, state security and societal security. The main reason of having regional security is to: Have moderation in Foreign Policy Make sure No treats or use force in dealing with

each other Promote Economic Corporation Transparency- Openness in Diplomacy discussion No Meddling in each other’s internal Affairs1. ASEAN

2. NATO3. ECOWA

S4. AU5. PIF

Regional SecuritySystematic Security

The systematic security is a type of security that is stable and orderly without constant treat arising in one place or another and hampering (Prevent the progress or free movement) activity. Example: Trade Investment and Tourism. The security of living in the world run in such a way that war and the treat of it is limited or eliminatedThe existence of the systematic security can be in two broad forms: 1. The war becomes rare 2. Safe neighbourhood (Good Relationships)

Diplomatic Members

Regional SecurityState Security

A state security on the regional bases is to protect the Sovereignty of the country and its citizens by outside influence or the existence of War either internal or external forces.

External Conflicts War between two countries Foreign Influence Political Propaganda Cold War Conflicts over Natural

Resources

James Foley, ISIS, The Perpetual War for ResourcesThe only way these perpetual wars will end is if the heads of state recognize the importance of sharing and distributing the earth's precious resources equally.

Internal Conflicts Guerrilla War Civil War Revolutionary (Rebels) Break Down of Law and Order A secessionist Movement and Domestic Terrorism

Regional SecuritySocietal Security

Societal security is simply to do with the physical safety and the prevention of Personal autonomy, the freedom of choice people have in and around the regions.Security in the Society includes:• Terrorism• Economic Disaster• Collapse of Political System• Break down of Law and Order• Civil War

PNG’s SecurityFunctions and Powers

PNGs National Security covers the vast dynamic security in the region since Independence. The aims of the PNG National Security is to protect and Safe guard the sovereignty of the State and its Citizens of External/Internal attack. The Main security includes: PNGDF, Police Force, PNG Correctional Service, National Intelligence Organization and PNG Customs

Chairman of PNGNSCHon. Peter O'Neil

Under National Security Policy, its Functions and Powers is • To Defend PNG• To assign Civil Emergency Assistance• For a Nation Building• To have International Obligations

PNGCS

NSC-STRUCTURE

PNG’s SecurityRoles and Challenges Since Independence PNG has a long Relationship

with its former colony Australia in terms of its National Security. Some of the Roles and challenges can be grouped under six Headings: • Development and National Cohesion• Law and Order • Major Civil unrest• Indonesia and Irian Jaya Border• Prospect of Direct Attack• A wider Regional Role

“if Papua New Guinea were attacked, the PNGDF’s role would be to mount a holding operation until its allies — principally Australia — arrived to assist.”

PNG’s SecurityTreaties with PNG’s International Borders

Papua New Guinea shared the borders with two countries, Australia and Indonesia. Both countries have a common interest in protecting its international Borders. A Treaties is a Diplomatic Agreement signed between two countries to protect and keep peace along the International Border.

Some Treaties between two countries• Torestrate Treaties• PNG and Indonesian Border Treaties of Mutual Respect

Signing of Treaties betweenPNG and Australia

IndonesiaAustraliaPNGDF Border Patrol

PNG’s SecurityVision 2050, Future Securities

Under Vision 2050, one of the core Pillars is the National Security and International Relations.Papua New Guinea like other countries in the South Pacific Regions, it plays an important role in maintaining Regional Security with its regional partners including Australia, New Zealand, IndonesiaPhilippines, Fiji, Malaysia and other regional groups.

Under vision 2050, PNG National Security will achieved the following:• Build 5000 manning by 2017, 10,000 by

2030 and 20,000 by 2050• Rebuild Defence Asset and Capability, on

Land, Marine and Air Space• Build the Reserve Force• Recruit High Qualified Intelligence

Summary

• International Security is the concept of protecting one’s own country and its citizens to the treat of external forces like War, Nuclear Attack, Terrorism and Political System.

• In the last century, the importance of security has been neglected and abandon. After the First and Second World War, it ends a memory of tragedies and lift up a security to make peace among other nations United Nations Security Council.

• Security in the Regions is thriving because it ties an important diplomatic relationship with its neighbouring countries.

• Papua New Guinea like other countries in the world, security has been a major issues for the last decades. Despite these momentum, PNG is not alone but always get back ups from its former colony Australia and Its regional partner New Zealand in terms of Military and empowering Police Force to maintain its internal and external security treat. PNG National Security also integrated under the fourth pillar in the Vision 2050.

References

Patrick. M.Morgan (2006, pp 6-10). International Security: Problems and solutions New York. CQ Press Thomas G. Weiss & Rorden Wilkinson ( 2010, pp. 1, 117-118). Global Institutions: Regional Security, The capacity of International Organizations. New York. Routledge Press

Allan Thompson (1994, pp. 28-40, 58-59). Papua New Guinea: Issues for Australian Security Planners Canberra. Australian Defence Study Centre

www.aspistrategist.org.au/wp.../131220-PNG-Defence-White-Paper.pdfInternet Sources

www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/rolesc.shtmlwww.un.org/en/sc/about/functions.shtml

THE END..THANK YOU