unclassified cold regions science and e (crse) at crrel
TRANSCRIPT
US Army Corps of Engineers • Engineer Research and Development Center
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Martin Jeffries & Jason WealeOffice of the Technical Directors
COLD REGIONS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING (CRSE) AT CRREL: OPPORTUNITY AND ADVANTAGE
-- Ron Liston Seminar, 19 June 2019 --
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Outline• The United States is an Arctic Stateo Defining the Arctico NSPD-66/HSPD-25
• A Little CRREL History: The Alaska-Canada Highway• Arctic Environmental Change (Arctic Operating Environment Change)• Arctic Change and the Rest of the World• The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL
o DoD Arctic Strategy, 6 June 2019o CRREL: Diverse Disciplines, Talent & Facilities
• Cold Regions Science and Engineering (CRSE) at CRRELo CRREL: It’s Not Academia (another advantage)o CRSE Core Business Domainso The R&D Process
• CRSE: The Path Forwardo OTD CRSE Actionso Technical Staff Actions
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The United States is an Arctic State - 1
Defining the Arctic• The Legislated Arctic
o Arctic Research and Policy Act (1984)
• The Arctic Circle• Temperature
o July Mean T<10°C
• Arctic Treeline• Arctic Watershed Alaska
(U.S.A.)
ArcticOcean
Canada
Iceland
Greenland
Prudhoe Bay
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• U.S. Arctic Research Commission• Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee
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The United States is an Arctic State - 2NSPD-66/HSPD-25DATE: 9 January 2009SUBJECT: Arctic Region Policy
II. BACKGROUNDA. The United States is an Arctic nation, with varied and compelling interests in that region.
III. POLICYA. It is the policy of the United States to:1. Meet national security and homeland security needs relevant to the Arctic region;2. Protect the Arctic environment and conserve its biological resources;3. Ensure that natural resource management and economic development in the region are
environmentally sustainable;4. Strengthen institutions for cooperation among the eight Arctic nations (the Arctic Council);5. Involve the Arctic's indigenous communities in decisions that affect them; and6. Enhance scientific monitoring and research into local, regional, and global environmental issues.
The full text (10 pages) is available at: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/opp_advisory/briefings/may2009/nspd66_hspd25.pdf
IARPC: Interagency Arctic Research Policy CommitteePrinciples for Conducting Research in the Arctic (2018)
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A Little History: The Alaska-Canada (ALCAN) Highway
Construction: March-October 1942
8 months1,700 miles
2,700 km
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The Changing Arctic: A Quick PrimerSeptember 19807.8 million km2
(Australia)
Canada
Alaska(USA) Russia
September 20123.6 million km2
Minimum Sea Ice Extent
∆ = -4.2 million km2, -54% (17 x UK)
Look beyond the sea ice and you see change occurring throughout the Arctic System.
• Change is occurring in the atmosphere, on land and in the ocean.
• The changes are physical and biological, and socio-economic and geopolitical.
• Arctic Change has homeland and national security implications, and global consequences.
• Arctic Report Card 2018https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018
• State of the Climate in 2017 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams
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Environmental Change in the Arctic
Sea Ice Extent1980-2018
End of winterEnd of summer
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Wave Height
Wave Period
Wind Speed
Beaufort & Chukchi Seas
Environmental Change in the Arctic
Kivalina & Shishmaref, Alaska
• Air temperatures are increasing.• Permafrost is warming and thawing.• As summer sea ice extent decreases, the age
(thickness) of the ice is decreasing.• Sea surface temperatures (SST) are increasing.• Ocean fetch and wave heights are increasing.• Coastal erosion rates are increasing.• Coastal villages and communities are threatened.
- In 2009, the GAO reported that 31 Alaska villages were under imminent threat from flooding and erosion, and 12 had decided to relocate.
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Arctic Environmental Change & The Rest of the World
Greenland Ice Sheet & Sea Level Rise
Extent of melting at the ice surface, July 2012
Weighing the ice sheet: GRACE
Polar Vortex/Jet Stream
National MallWashington, DCFebruary 2010
Potomac RiverWashington, DC
January 2014
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DoD Arctic Strategy
The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 1• “Eroding competitive edge against China and Russia ….”• Maintain a credible deterrent through 3-pronged approach to support
the desired end-state of a secure and stable Arctic:o Build Arctic awarenesso Enhance Arctic operationso Strengthen the rules-based order
• “The United States is an Arctic nation.”• “The Arctic’s physical environment continues to change …..”
o Air temperature; Snow cover; Sea ice; Ice sheets; Permafrost; Coastal erosion (Infrastructure)
• “Understanding and predicting the physical environment is critical for meeting mission demands and for ensuring safety of personnel and equipment.”
• “DoD will prioritize modernization of infrastructure supporting enhanced domain awareness.”
• “Equipment testing must also be conducted in realistic Arctic conditions for sufficient periods of time.”
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DoD Arctic Strategy
The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 2Annex A: Service Roles and Mission in the Arctic - Army. The U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers Engineering (USACE) Research and Development
Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL)
works to enhance Arctic domain awareness by examining the effects of a
changing climate; and by monitoring Arctic effects on the operational
environment, including sensor performance and signal propagation. The
USACE ERDC-CRREL addresses effects on infrastructure and operations
resulting from exposure to extreme environmental and dynamic climactic
conditions. USACE ERDC-CRREL is pursuing technology to detect
permafrost conditions, providing facilities to simulate Arctic conditions,
as well as systems and materials evaluation and development.
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The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 3
Diverse Disciplines and Talent
Physical Scientists
Biological Scientists
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Electrical Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
Civil Engineers
Theoreticians
Experimentalists
Modellers
Laboratory Researchers
Field Researchers
Diverse Facilities
Geophysics
Ice Engineering
Frost Effects
Low-temperature Materials
Cold RoomsGreenhouse
Permafrost Experiment Station (Fairbanks, AK)
Permafrost TunnelResearch Facility
(Fox, AK)Remote Sensing/
Geographic Information Systems
All under one roof
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CRREL IS DIFFERENT FROM ACADEMIA
High VisibilityMost Unclassified/some Classified
FIRN
FRESH SNOW
High Visibility & Low VisibilityUnclassified & Classified
FIRN/LOCK-IN
FIRN-ICE
Low Visibility, Some Very Low VisibilityMajority Classified/Some Unclassified
Mostly Very Low VisibilityMostly Classified/Little Unclassified
FRESH SNOW
FIRN
CRREL’s Big Advantage
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Core CRSE Business Domains
High VisibilityMost Unclassified/some Classified
FIRNRS/GIS CX –
Civilian, Military, OthersDirect & Reimbursable
FRESH SNOWCore CRSE –
Military & Civilian, Direct & Reimbursable
High Visibility & Low VisibilityUnclassified & Classified
FIRN/LOCK-INDoD Aligned –
Core Military & Some Civil Work
FIRN-ICEIC & Policy –
Drives all other business domain
resourcing
Low Visibility, Some Very Low VisibilityMajority Classified/Some Unclassified
- What we currently do every day- What most of the world sees
and knows about CRREL- Growing
- Civil Works mission is highly visible- Technology R&D is mostly visible- IC and Direct work is less visible- Significant growth potential
- Our mission- Only Federal lab dedicated to CRSE
(we own mission space)- Not highly visible to public- Big growth potential
- Driving forces with biggest impact to our mission- The anchors of our existence- Mostly unseen- Opportunity for CRREL to influence policy and help
steer our own ship- Big growth potential
Mostly Very Low VisibilityMostly Classified/Little Unclassified
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THE R&D PROCESS
$
BasicResearch
TRL 1
AppliedResearch
TRL 2
AdvancedTechnology
DevelopmentTRL 3
$$
$$$
Demonstration &Validation
TRL 4
Engineering &ManufacturingDevelopment
TRL 5
RDT&EManagement
SupportTRL 6
Operational System
DevelopmentTRL 7
DevelopmentalTest &
EvaluationTRL 8
OperationalTest &
EvaluationTRL 9
Basic Research Applied Research Development & Acquisition
Govt. Labs & Academia (Traditional Roles)
Industry (Historical Role)
Another Big CRREL Advantage
6.2-6.36.1-6.26.1 6.2-6.4 6.3-6.5 6.4-6.6 6.7
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CRSE PATH FORWARD: Our Actions
Plan for the Future- Influence Policy & Policy Responses- Understand Geopolitical Climate AND Our Changing Climate- Look beyond 3-5 years- Be the National CRSE Resource
Actions We Are Taking- Provided Comments and Input on DoD’s Response to Congress for Arctic Readiness/Capabilities/Gaps (3X)- Put SME’s/PI’s in Front of the COCOMs, etc.- Develop and Transition Projects/Programs to Division/RSGIS-CX- White Paper Delivered to USNORTHCOM- Strategized with Partner Nations- Input to Branch/Division Strategies- Input to HR for Hiring to fill Gaps- Assist PIs with Proposal Guidance
Near Future Efforts- Visit IC Entities- CBRNE in Cold Environments- North Warning System Recapitalization- Rollout an Arctic Discussion Forum- Continue Input to Strategic Planning- Assess Placing More LNOs (Developmental Opportunities for CRREL Staff – Rotators)- Continue to Identify CRSE Opportunities & Assist PIs in Project/Program Development and Transition
CRSE VisionSupport the Director’s goal: CRSE work will provide the majority of CRREL’s funding for a broad spectrum of activity ranging from basic, curiosity-driven research to transitioning discoveries from the laboratory & field environment to deployed equipment, products, services and solutions for the Army, DoD and the Nation.
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CRSE PATH FORWARD: What Can You Do?
Understand Our Domain- National Strategy, Arctic Strategy, CONPLANs, OPLANs, etc.- NORTHCOM/EUCOM IPLs, STIPLs, etc.- CRREL’s Role in DoD, USACE, ERDC- Think Big &Think Beyond 3 Years
Take Action- Read the New/Revised/Updated Arctic Strategies (June 2019 and Beyond)- Get a Clearance- Join IARPC Collaborations (www.iarpccollaborations.org)- Use Our DoD Advantages – participate in Field Exercises, TTXs, WGs, etc.- Leverage Partnerships- Provide Strategic Input to Your Branch Strategic Plans (vs. Tactical)- Reach Out, Ask Questions, Think Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Agency/Service- Example: We Need a Permafrost Strategic Plan – from Remote Sensing Infrastructure/Mobility/Operations
Ask For Assistance: We Can Help- Idea Generation, Proposal Guidance- Clarify DoD Gaps, Capabilities, Doctrine- Assist with Customer/Partner Interactions- Assess, Facilitate BD Opportunities
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That concludes our talk.Thank you for your attention.
Boeing C-17 Globemaster, Phoenix Airfield (NZFX)3353 m/11,000 ft. of compacted snowMcMurdo Sound, Antarctica
South Pole Overland TraverseMcMurdo Station to South Pole Station 1700 km, 2835 m elevation change