Undeclared war with France Undeclared war with France in 1798in 1798

• Adams asked congress in 1798 for a Adams asked congress in 1798 for a declaration of war against FRANCE.declaration of war against FRANCE.

• The minority party of D-R’s were The minority party of D-R’s were against it (might give power to Feds)against it (might give power to Feds)

• Adams changes mind 3 months later Adams changes mind 3 months later when his Federalist competitor, when his Federalist competitor, Hamilton, gets himself placed in charge Hamilton, gets himself placed in charge of the armed forces.of the armed forces.

• Now war will hurt Adams politicallyNow war will hurt Adams politically

Democratic-Republicans take Democratic-Republicans take over in 1800over in 1800

• Now that they are in charge, and Now that they are in charge, and war slowly begins to sound like a war slowly begins to sound like a good ideagood idea– Seems popular with the massesSeems popular with the masses– ImpressmentImpressment– ““On to Canada!”On to Canada!”– Tame the IndiansTame the Indians– Drive Brits out of OhioDrive Brits out of Ohio– Increase Republican political powerIncrease Republican political power– Tried to pass their own Sedition ActTried to pass their own Sedition Act

Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808Presidential Election of 1808

James Madison Becomes James Madison Becomes PresidentPresident

James Madison Becomes James Madison Becomes PresidentPresident

Dolly MadisonDolly MadisonDolly MadisonDolly Madison

1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars

Q 1806 1806 Berlin Decrees Berlin Decrees [“Continental [“Continental System”] System”]

Q 1806 1806 Britain issued the “Order Britain issued the “Order in in Council.” Council.”

Q 1807 1807 Milan Decrees Milan Decrees

Q 1808-1811 1808-1811 Britain impressed Britain impressed over over 6,000 American 6,000 American sailors. sailors.

2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Q June 21, 1807.June 21, 1807.

Q Br. Captain fired on the USS Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake.Chesapeake.

Q 3 dead, 18 wounded.3 dead, 18 wounded.

Q Br. Foreign Office said it was a Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.mistake.

Q Jefferson’s Response:Jefferson’s Response:

Forbade Br. ships to dock in Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.American ports.

Ordered state governors to call Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 up as much as 100,000 militiamen.militiamen.

Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”

3. The Embargo Act (1807)3. The Embargo Act (1807)The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

3. The Embargo Act (1807)3. The Embargo Act (1807)The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

Q Forbade export of all goods from the Forbade export of all goods from the US.US.

Q Unexpected Consequences:Unexpected Consequences:

1807 exports 1807 exports $108 mil. $108 mil.

1808 exports 1808 exports $ 22 mil. $ 22 mil.

4. The Non-Intercourse Act 4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809)(1809)4. The Non-Intercourse Act 4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809)(1809)

Q Replaced the Embargo Act.Replaced the Embargo Act.

Q Reopened trade with all nations Reopened trade with all nations EXCEPT Britain and France.EXCEPT Britain and France.

Q Remained U. S. policy until 1812.Remained U. S. policy until 1812.

Q Unexpected Consequences:Unexpected Consequences:

N. Eng. was forced to become self-N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories sufficient again [old factories reopened].reopened].

Laid the groundwork for US Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.industrial power.

Jefferson, a critic of an industrial Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!Hamilton’s view of the US!

5. Br. Instigation of Indians5. Br. Instigation of Indians5. Br. Instigation of Indians5. Br. Instigation of Indians

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

6. “War Hawks” in Congress6. “War Hawks” in Congress6. “War Hawks” in Congress6. “War Hawks” in Congress

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

Political Cartoon of the PeriodPolitical Cartoon of the PeriodPolitical Cartoon of the PeriodPolitical Cartoon of the Period

Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812Presidential Election of 1812

““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”

American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:The US was unprepared militarily:

Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.

Americans disliked a draft Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.disorganized state militias.

Q Financially unprepared:Financially unprepared:

Flood of paper $.Flood of paper $.

Revenue from import tariffs Revenue from import tariffs declined.declined.

Q Regional disagreements.Regional disagreements.

Overview of the WarOverview of the WarOverview of the WarOverview of the War

Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813

Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814

The White House Is Burning;The White House Is Burning;The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!

(August 24, 1814)(August 24, 1814)

The White House Is Burning;The White House Is Burning;The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!

(August 24, 1814)(August 24, 1814)

Battle of Fort McHenry,Battle of Fort McHenry,18141814

Battle of Fort McHenry,Battle of Fort McHenry,18141814

And the rockets red glareAnd the rockets red glareThe bombs bursting in air…The bombs bursting in air… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

The War of 1812The War of 1812Battle of Lake Erie - 1813Battle of Lake Erie - 1813

• Decisive battles on Lake OntarioDecisive battles on Lake Ontario– U.S. Commodore Isaac Chauncey U.S. Commodore Isaac Chauncey

• Captured and torched York (Toronto) Captured and torched York (Toronto)

• Victory on Lake ErieVictory on Lake Erie– U.S. CAPT Oliver Hazard Perry U.S. CAPT Oliver Hazard Perry – M.GEN William Henry HarrisonM.GEN William Henry Harrison

• Defeat British at Battle of the ThamesDefeat British at Battle of the Thames

““We have met the enemy, and they We have met the enemy, and they

are ours…”are ours…” Oliver Hazard Perry Oliver Hazard Perry

Battle of Horseshoe BendBattle of Horseshoe Bend – –

Creek Creek confederation, confederation, brought brought together in the together in the South by South by Tecumseh, is Tecumseh, is defeated and defeated and surrenders to surrenders to Andrew Jackson.Andrew Jackson.

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

The Battle of New Orleans, 1815The Battle of New Orleans, 1815The Battle of New Orleans, 1815The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida CampaignsJackson’s Florida Campaigns

Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – January, 1815December, 1814 – January, 1815

Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – January, 1815December, 1814 – January, 1815

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

The The status quo antestatus quo ante..

• NE Opposed to WarNE Opposed to War• ConventionConvention

– ComplaintsComplaints– Seek CompensationSeek Compensation– Gvt. AssistanceGvt. Assistance– Possible SecessionPossible Secession– AmendmentsAmendments

• 3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise• 2/3 Votes2/3 Votes• Presidential TermsPresidential Terms• Naturalized CitizensNaturalized Citizens

• Treaty and NO Defeat Treaty and NO Defeat AmendmentsAmendments

End of FederalistsEnd of Federalists

• 1816 Monroe Wins1816 Monroe Wins– Crushing VictoryCrushing Victory

• Treason RumorsTreason Rumors