undersea cable network capt matthew bohman & lcdr charles burton oa 4202 network flows &...
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![Page 1: Undersea Cable Network Capt Matthew Bohman & LCDR Charles Burton OA 4202 Network Flows & Graphs June 7, 2012](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e995503460f94b9ca26/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Undersea Cable Network
Capt Matthew Bohman & LCDR Charles BurtonOA 4202 Network Flows & Graphs
June 7, 2012
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Network Overview
• Physical structure • Number of Cables• Operations & Ownership
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Network Capacity
• Cable design capacity• Lit capacity• Capacity increases
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Scope of the Project
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Cat Island, Bahamas
Crooked Island, Bahamas
Isla Verde, Puerto Rico,
Nassau, Bahamas
North Miami Beach, Florida
Turks & Caicos Islands
Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
ARCOS
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Cat Island, Bahamas
Clarence Town, Bahamas
Cockburn Town, Bahamas
Crooked Island, Bahamas
Duncan Town, Bahamas
Fresh Creek, Bahamas
George Town, Bahamas
Governors Harbor, Bahamas
Hawksbill, Bahamas
Matthew Town, Bahamas
Mayaguana, Bahamas
Nassau, Bahamas
Port Nelson, Bahamas
Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Sandy Point, Bahamas
BDNSi
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BICS
Boca Raton, Florida
Spanish River, Florida
Caves Point, Bahamas
Current, Bahamas
Hawksbill, Bahamas
Sandy Point, Bahamas
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America Movil (2012)Americas II (2006)
South America I (2001)
BICS (2001)
ARCOS(2001)
BDNSi (2006)
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Problem Statement
• Examine connectivity – Caribbean Islands to Florida– Inter-Island Connectivity
• Resiliency vs. threats– Natural disaster– Accidental disruptions– Terrorist attack– Additional Cables
• Measure of Effectiveness– Number of disconnected islands
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Model Choices
• Nodes• Edges• Formulation ?– Shortest Path– Maximum Flow– Minimum Cost– Multi-commodity Flow
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Multi-Commodity Flow Formulation
• Every node has both production & demand– Has its own commodity “place name”– Has demand for all other commodities “other places”
• Arcs are cables connecting islands– Two way flow– Cost = 1 unit per edge
• Multi-Commodity Combines– Producer-Consumer – Minimum Cost Flow
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Assumptions
• If any physical connection is maintained– Insignificant delay– No monetary difference for users
• Satellite communications – not modeled• Capacities– Traffic on arcs never exceeded
• Equal demand for all vs. population driven
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Formulation
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Scenario 1: Mainland ConnectivityFLORIDA
CockburnTownData: -1
CockburnTownData: 1
Turks&CaicosData: -1
PuertoPlataData: -1
PuntaCanaData: -1
Turks&CaicosData: 1PuertoPlataData: 1PuntaCanaData: 1Etc…
C=1, Y={0,1}
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GAMS
StartNode EndNode Commodity CostFlorida Jacksonville PPlataData 0Florida Jacksonville PrtoRicoData 0Florida Jacksonville HawksbillData 0
StartNode EndNode CapacityFlorida Jacksonville 1000Jacksonville AM1Junc 1000AM1Junc PuertoPlata 1000
Florida JacksonvilleJacksonville AM1JuncAM1Junc PuertoPlataAM1Junc SanJuan
Jacksonville AM1JuncAM1Junc PuertoPlataAM1Junc SanJuanPuertoPlata SanJuan
PPlataDataPrtoRicoDataHawksbillDataSandyPtDataCurrentData
FloridaJacksonvilleAM1JuncPuertoPlataSanJuan
Node Commodity SupplyDemandFlorida PPlataData 1Florida PrtoRicoData 1Florida HawksbillData 1
attack_arcs_set
arc_set
arcs_data
arcs_commodity_data commodities nodes Nodes_data
GAMS Implementation
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Mainland Connectivity
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Mainland Connectivity
1 2 3 4 5 60
5
10
15
20
25
Dis
conn
ecte
d Is
land
s
Number of Attacks
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Scenario 2: Inter-Island Connectivity
CockburnTownData: -21
CockburnTownData: 1GeorgeTownData: 1Etc…
GeorgeTownData: -21
C=1, Y={0,1}GovernorsHarborData: -21
CockburnTownData: 1GovernorsHarborData: 1Etc…
GeorgeTownData: 1GovernorsHarborData: 1Etc…
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Inter-Island Attacks
Flo
rid
a
Pu
erto
Pla
ta
Peu
rto
Ric
o
Haw
ksb
ill
San
dyP
oin
t
Cu
rren
t
Cav
esP
oin
t
Nas
sau
Cat
Isla
nd
Cro
oke
dIs
lan
d
Cai
cosI
slan
d
Pu
nta
Can
a
Go
vern
ors
Har
bo
r
Fres
hC
reek
Co
ckb
urn
Tow
n
Cla
ren
ceTo
wn
Po
rtN
elso
n
Geo
rgeT
ow
n
Du
nca
nTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agu
ana
Po
rtA
uP
rin
ce
Tota
l Dis
con
nec
ts
PuertoPlata 1PeurtoRico 1Hawksbill 1SandyPoint 1Current 1CavesPoint 1Nassau 1CatIsland 1CrookedIsland 1CaicosIsland 1PuntaCana 1GovernorsHarbor 1FreshCreek 21CockburnTown 1ClarenceTown 1PortNelson 1GeorgeTown 1DuncanTown 1MatthewTown 1Mayaguana 1PortAuPrince 1
Average Disconnects: 2
Flo
rid
a
Pu
erto
Pla
ta
Peu
rto
Ric
o
Haw
ksb
ill
San
dyP
oin
t
Cu
rren
t
Cav
esP
oin
t
Nas
sau
Cat
Isla
nd
Cro
oke
dIs
lan
d
Cai
cosI
slan
d
Pu
nta
Can
a
Go
vern
ors
Har
bo
r
Fres
hC
reek
Co
ckb
urn
Tow
n
Cla
ren
ceTo
wn
Po
rtN
elso
n
Geo
rgeT
ow
n
Du
nca
nTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agu
ana
Po
rtA
uP
rin
ce
Tota
l Dis
con
nec
ts
PuertoPlata 4PeurtoRico 4Hawksbill 4SandyPoint 4Current 4CavesPoint 4Nassau 4CatIsland 4CrookedIsland 4CaicosIsland 4PuntaCana 4GovernorsHarbor 4FreshCreek 4CockburnTown 4ClarenceTown 4PortNelson 4GeorgeTown 4DuncanTown 17MatthewTown 17Mayaguana 17PortAuPrince 17
Average Disconnects: 6.5
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Inter-Island Attacks
Flor
ida
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatI
slan
d
Croo
kedI
slan
d
Caic
osIs
land
Punt
aCan
a
Gov
erno
rsH
arbo
r
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geo
rgeT
own
Dun
canT
own
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuP
rince
Tota
l Dis
conn
ects
PuertoPlata 6PeurtoRico 6Hawksbill 6SandyPoint 6Current 6CavesPoint 6Nassau 6CatIsland 6CrookedIsland 6CaicosIsland 6PuntaCana 6GovernorsHarbor 6FreshCreek 6CockburnTown 6ClarenceTown 15PortNelson 15GeorgeTown 15DuncanTown 15MatthewTown 15Mayaguana 15PortAuPrince 15
Average Disconnects: 9
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Increasing Resiliency of Network
• Summary of interdiction analysis – Two nodes can be disconnected with single attacks– Mainland and Inter-Island interdiction is identical– Nested solutions
• Adding new cables– Majority of network is resilient to multiple attacks– Laying new cables is expensive– Focus on inexpensive fixes
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New Lines - One Attack FLORIDA
Placement of Additional Cables
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Mainland Connectivity
Interdicted MainlandNetwork Results with
Added Cables
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Revised Performance
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Resiliency with Added Cables
1 2 3 4 5 60
5
10
15
20
25
Resiliency Graph of Network
Original
Added
Dis
conn
ecte
d Is
land
s
Number of Attacks
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Inter-Island Connectivity
Interdicted Inter-IslandNetwork Results with
Added Cables
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Inter-Island (Added Cables)- One Attack
Flor
ida
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 1PeurtoRico 1Hawksbill 1SandyPoint 1Current 1CavesPoint 1Nassau 1CatIsland 1CrookedIsland 1CaicosIsland 1PuntaCana 1GovernorsHarbor 1FreshCreek 21CockburnTown 1ClarenceTown 1PortNelson 1GeorgeTown 1DuncanTown 1MatthewTown 1Mayaguana 1PortAuPrince 1
Average Disconnects: 2Fl
orid
a
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 0PeurtoRico 0Hawksbill 0SandyPoint 0Current 0CavesPoint 0Nassau 0CatIsland 0CrookedIsland 0CaicosIsland 0PuntaCana 0GovernorsHarbor 0FreshCreek 0CockburnTown 0ClarenceTown 0PortNelson 0GeorgeTown 0DuncanTown 0MatthewTown 0Mayaguana 0PortAuPrince 0
Average Disconnects: 0
Original Added Cables
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Original Added Cables
Flor
ida
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 4PeurtoRico 4Hawksbill 4SandyPoint 4Current 4CavesPoint 4Nassau 4CatIsland 4CrookedIsland 4CaicosIsland 4PuntaCana 4GovernorsHarbor 4FreshCreek 4CockburnTown 4ClarenceTown 4PortNelson 4GeorgeTown 4DuncanTown 18MatthewTown 18Mayaguana 18PortAuPrince 18
Average Disconnects: 6.7Fl
orid
a
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 2PeurtoRico 2Hawksbill 2SandyPoint 2Current 21CavesPoint 21Nassau 2CatIsland 2CrookedIsland 2CaicosIsland 2PuntaCana 2GovernorsHarbor 2FreshCreek 2CockburnTown 2ClarenceTown 2PortNelson 2GeorgeTown 2DuncanTown 2MatthewTown 2Mayaguana 2PortAuPrince 2
Average Disconnects: 3.8
Inter-Island (Added Cables)- Two Attacks
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Original Added Cables
Flor
ida
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 6PeurtoRico 6Hawksbill 6SandyPoint 6Current 6CavesPoint 6Nassau 6CatIsland 6CrookedIsland 6CaicosIsland 6PuntaCana 6GovernorsHarbor 6FreshCreek 6CockburnTown 6ClarenceTown 16PortNelson 16GeorgeTown 16DuncanTown 16MatthewTown 16Mayaguana 16PortAuPrince 16
Average Disconnects: 9.3Fl
orid
a
Puer
toPl
ata
Peur
toRi
co
Haw
ksbi
ll
Sand
yPoi
nt
Curr
ent
Cave
sPoi
nt
Nas
sau
CatIs
land
Croo
kedI
sland
Caico
sIsla
nd
Punt
aCan
a
Gove
rnor
sHar
bor
Fres
hCre
ek
Cock
burn
Tow
n
Clar
ence
Tow
n
Port
Nel
son
Geor
geTo
wn
Dunc
anTo
wn
Matt
hew
Tow
n
May
agua
na
Port
AuPr
ince
Tota
l Disc
onne
cts
PuertoPlata 4PeurtoRico 4Hawksbill 4SandyPoint 4Current 4CavesPoint 4Nassau 4CatIsland 4CrookedIsland 4CaicosIsland 4PuntaCana 4GovernorsHarbor 4FreshCreek 4CockburnTown 4ClarenceTown 4PortNelson 4GeorgeTown 4DuncanTown 18MatthewTown 18Mayaguana 18PortAuPrince 18
Average Disconnects: 6.7
Inter-Island (Added Cables)- Three Attacks
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Summary
• Multi-Commodity Flow• Caribbean network is robust• Recommend short additions to improve
resiliency of isolated islands• Future modeling– Other regions– Global model– Time & cost estimates for satellite connections
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Questions?