UNDERSTANDING ADULT UNDERSTANDING ADULT LEARNERS LEARNERS

Characteristics of Adult LearnerLearning StylesPerceptual ModalitiesCognitive Overload

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PEDAGOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL VERSUS VERSUS

ANDRAGOGICAL ANDRAGOGICAL MODEL MODEL

PEDAGOGICAL MODEL OF LEARNING • The teacher is responsible for the learning process

( Learner role is passive)

• The teacher is the expert have the responsibility to impart his or her

knowledge to students.

• Pp are motivated to learn because “ they have to” in order to pass a

test…

• Learning is information oriented.

• Motivation to learn is largely external.

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ANDRAGOGICAL MODEL OF LEARNING

• By Malcolm Knowles

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Assumption One Self-directedness.

Assumption Two The role of experience.

Assumption Three Ready to learn when they perceive a need to know or do something.

Assumption Four Real-world applications.

Assumption Five Adults motivated to learn because of internal factors.

LEARNING STYLES

• Trainer need to take into consideration how is trainee learning style

as he or she begin to design or develop training program.

• Learning style : Refers to the way in which a learner approaches

and responds to a learning experience.

To be effective, trainers must design their programs to accommodate

style differences.

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Feelers• Pp oriented, expressive

and focus on feelings andemotions.

• Enjoy affective learning and gravitate towards learning experiences that explore pp ‘s attitudes and emotions

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LEARNING STYLES LEARNING STYLES

Thinkers • Rely on logic and

reason.• They will question

the rationale behind activities and will challenge statements that they perceive to be too general.

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LEARNING STYLES LEARNING STYLES

ObserversLike to watch and listen, reserved , quite and take their time before before participating in class.

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LEARNING STYLES LEARNING STYLES

LEARNING STYLES LEARNING STYLES Doers 1. Like to be actively involved in the

learning process.2. Take charge in group activities and

tend to dominate discussions. 3. Like opportunities to practice what

they learn.4. Interested to in knowing how they

are going to apply what they learn in the real

world.

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Activity • A lecturer speaks at a rate of

_________words per minute; we can listen at a rate of __________per minutes.

• People retain ______percent of what they hear; _________percent of what they hear and see; and _____________percent of what they hear, see and do.

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PERCEPTUAL MODALITIES The ways people take in & process

information

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PERCEPTUAL MODALITIESPERCEPTUAL MODALITIES

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Visual

Demonstrations

Print Kinesthetic

Aural

Tactile

Interactive

FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE SPEED OF LEARNING

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Factors

Emotional

Age

Intellectual & experiential

Sociological

Physical

Psychological

Environmental

COGNITIVE OVERLOAD• The challenge to the trainer is to present information in

such a way that the participants do not experience overload.

• Working memory has an estimated limited capacity of seven ‘chunks’ of pieces of information.

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Participant do most of the work.

PREVENTING COGNITIVE OVERLOAD

WAYS PREVENTING COGNITIVE OVERLOAD

Minimize the use of lecture

Create chunks of content or information

Design easy –to-follow workbooks and other participant materials

Create job aids