UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER

Prepared by:

EILLEN IVY A. PORTUGUEZSiari John H. Roemer Memorial National H.S.

Computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of mankind. Thanks to the computer technology, we were able to achieve storage and processing to huge amounts of data; we could rest our brains by employing computer memory capacities for storing information

What is computer?

-Speed up daily work-Carry out critical transactions-Achieve accuracy and precision in work.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERSBased on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as

analog, digital and hybrid computers.

ANALOG COMPUTERSThese are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital

computer because an analog computer can only perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continues variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.

DIGITAL COMPUTERSThey use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states,

namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data in these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computations and have higher processing speeds.. They are programmable.

HYBRID COMPUTERSThese are combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type

of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversation of analog signals to digital ones.

Classification of Computers

MAINFRAME COMPUTERSLarge organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as

bulk data processing and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers.

The following are the classification of the different types of computers based on their sizes and functionalities..

MINI COMPUTERS

In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie between mainframes and minicomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers.

SERVERSThey are computers designed to provide

services to client machines in a computer network. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard drives, They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.

SUPER COMPUTERThe highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively

performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.

MICROCOMPUTERSA computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit

it is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called personal computers. These computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks.

DesktopsDESKTOP COMPUTER

A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in the workplace and households.

LaptopsSimilar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are

miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries.

Types of Personal Computer

Net booksThey fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and

relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the market.

PDA (Personal Digital Assistants)It is a handheld computer and popularly known as palmtop. It

has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication

TABLET COMPUTERSTablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They

use the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or digital pen. Apple’s iPod redefined the class of tablet computers

Wearable ComputersThese computers can be worn on the body and are often used

in the study of behavior modeling and human health.

Get ready for a review

Name the different types of computer based on theirOperational principle

Name the different types of computer based on theirOperational principle

Name the different types of computer based on theirOperational principle

Name the different types of computer based on theirSizes and functionalities

Name the different types of computer based on theirSizes and functionalities

Name the different types of computer based on theirSizes and functionalities

Name the different types of computer based on theirSizes and functionalities

Name the different types of computer based on theirSizes and functionalities

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Name the different types of Personal Computer

Prepare

½ sheet of paper

DIRECTION: Identify the type of computer being describe in the following sentences and write your answer on a 1/2 sheet of paper.____ 1. These are mobile computers that are vey handy to use.____ 2. They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network.____ 3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.____ 4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit.____ 5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller size.____ 6. A type of computer which is intended to used on a single location.____ 7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1.____ 8. Computers that have capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can use substitute for several small servers.____ 9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.____ 10. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and a human health.

Name the different types of Computer

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4 5 6

78 9

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COMPUTER SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM?> The most important program that runs on a computer.

> Performs basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

>Responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system 

Operating System can be classified as follows: 

Multi-user: Allow two or more users to run programs at the same time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of concurrent users.

LinuxUnixWindows 2000

Multiprocessing: Supports running a program on more than one CPU.LinuxUnixWindows 2000

Multitasking: Allows more than one program to run concurrently.

UnixWindows 7 and Windows multi point

Multithreading: Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.

LinuxUnixWindows 2000 and Windows 7

Real Time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.

Microsoft Operating SystemWindows 1.0 (1985)Windows 2.0 (1987)Windows 3.x (1990, 1992)Windows 95 (1995)Windows 98 (1998)Windows 2000 (2000)Windows ME (2000)Windows XP (2001)Windows Vista (2006)Windows 7 (2009)Windows 8 (2012)Windows 8.1 (2013)Windows 10 (2015)Windows 10 (Anniversary Update) (2016

Prepare ¼ sheet of paper

DIRECTION: Identify the type of operating system being describe in the following sentences and write your answer on a 1/4 sheet of paper._____ 1. Allows more than one program to run concurrently._____ 2. Responds to input instantly. _____ 3. Allow two or more users to run programs at the same time. _____ 4. Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently._____ 5. Supports running a program on more than one CPU._____ 6. The latest version of Microsoft Office operating system._____ 7. What is the logo of the LINUX operating system._____ 8. The successor of windows 7._____ 9. What is the most important program that runs on a computer?_____ 10. Other operating system aside from LINUX and Microsoft OS?