understanding the latest developments in financial fraud

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AICPA National CFO Conference InterContinental Boston Understanding the Latest Developments Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud in Financial Fraud Stephen G. Austin, CPA, MBA Firm Managing Partner Swenson Advisors, LLP May 20, 2011 7:00 am – 7:50 am

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Overview of financial fraud given by Stephen G. Austin, CPA, MBA at the 2011 National CFO Conference in Boston.

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Page 1: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

AICPA National CFO Conference

InterContinental Boston

Understanding the Latest Developments Understanding the Latest Developments 

in Financial Fraudin Financial Fraud

Stephen G. Austin, CPA, MBA

Firm Managing Partner

Swenson Advisors, LLP

May 20, 2011

7:00 am – 7:50 am

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Stephen G. Austin, CPA, MBA

Over 35 years of public accounting experience as an Audit Partner with Price Waterhouse, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, and Swenson Advisors, LLP

Certified Public Accountant ‐ California and Georgia

Audit Committee Chairman ‐ Avanir Pharmaceuticals,World Trade Center San Diego, The Rock Church, and Santa Fe Christian Schools

Serves on twenty Boards and related Committees

Author of “Rise of the New Ethics Class”

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PCAOB registered accounting firm

Offices in San Diego, Riverside County and Hong Kong

SEC/SOX ‐ audit, tax, compliance, Asia Pacific compliance services, IFRS consulting, forensic and dispute resolution services

SOX consulting services with SWENTRACKTM automated web based solutions

Top 5 accounting firms – Riverside County – 2010

Top 30 accounting firms – San Diego – 2010 

Member of Integra International ‐ 175 offices, 60 countries

Focus on “Tone at the Top” and Ethics Compliance

www.SwensonAdvisors.comx

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We Caught Our Breath From...

Page 5: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

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And Now – Look Who’s in the News!

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“Lose money and I will forgive you, but lose even a shred      of reputation and I will be ruthless”Warren Buffett

David Sokol allegedly traded Lubrizol Corp. stock prior

to Berkshire Hathaway’s acquisition of Lubrizol Corp.

Sokol “pocketed” a $3 million profit?

Some believe Buffett 

missed the opportunity to:

“...show moral courage, stand up for principles, 

reinforce to his employees what he expects from them, 

and, not least of all, to live up to his own public reputation.”

The Daily Transcript | 4/4/11

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“Skilling Loses Key Appeal Battle”

Supreme Court ruled that Skilling’s fraud and 

conspiracy conviction was not swayed by federal 

prosecutors’ use of the “honest services” test

Case returns to the Fifth Circuit panel to determine whether any of the 19 

counts against Skilling should be vacated

Ex‐Enron Chief’s son, John Taylor Skilling, dies of possible overdose

Echoes death of Mark Madoff, the son of Bernie Madoff

Accounting scandals have a serious impact on friends and family

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Raj Rajaratnam ‐ “He is the central figure in the government's sprawling, multiyear investigation of insider trading on Wall Street”NY Times | 4/13/11

Former founder of Galleon Group (hedge fund)

Rajaratnam and five others accused of relying on a network of informants to 

make more than $63.8 million in profits from 2003 – 2009

14 counts of conspiracy and securities fraud

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“Barry Minkow Turned Over a New Leaf‐From Accounting Scandals to Insider Trading”

Barry Minkow (ZZZZ Best fame), an ex‐convict who turned his life around a 

decade ago and became a minister and 

co‐founded a fraud detection firm

In December, 2010 Minkow was found 

guilty of securities fraud charges and 

in March, 2011 pleaded guilty to 

Federal charges of “insider trading”

Minkow has agreed to help federal 

investigators, but could face five years 

in prison

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‘Nothing that I say should be taken as an excuse for my behavior, I take full responsibility 

for what I did’_________________

‘I try to piece it together. Why didn’t I say, “I cannot do it? 

Why didn’t I return the money and say, “I can’t 

do it.” Why?’_________________

Madoff

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‘Look, I am not a banker. But I know that billions ofdollars going in and out of a bank account is something that should alert you to something. [They] got all the financial statements. [They] could have seen – I was using them as custodian, and they  never questioned it.’Madoff | Financial Times | 4/9/11

$6.4 billion lawsuit, filed in federal bankruptcy court, claims that the bankers at 

J.P. Morgan discussed the possibility that Madoff was operating a Ponzi scheme

“While numerous financial institutions enabled Madoff’s fraud, JPMC was at 

the very center of that fraud, and thoroughly complicit in it”

115‐page lawsuit by Irving Picard  |  Bankruptcy Trustee

Page 12: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

We Are Making Some ProgressWe Are Making Some Progress

But...But...

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2011 Fraud Scorecard2011 Fraud Scorecard

Weak Audit CommitteesCOSO monitoring

PCAOB foreign accounting 

firm investigations/fines

SEC troubles

Mild mannered auditorsRepeat offenders

Accounting scandalsFCPA violations

SOX 404 material weaknessesInsider trading scandals

RestatementsGlobal financial meltdown investigations

What’s NotWhat’s Hot

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Restatements are on the Decline

630 companies filed 674 restatements in 2009

27% decline from 2008

The number of restatements peaked in 2006 with 1,795 restatements

Audit AnalyticsReport: Financial Restatements –A Nine‐Year ComparisonPublished March 10, 2010

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SOX Has Achieved Significant Acceptance

A new survey of more than 300 Chief Audit Executives found that 88% do not believe that the SOX Act should be repealed.Source: Grant Thorton CAE Survey 2011

70% of more than 400 respondents who have put into place accounting controls required by SOX said that the benefits outweighed its costs.Source:  Protiviti 2010 Sarbanes‐Oxley Compliance Survey

Page 16: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

Global Financial Market Meltdown:Global Financial Market Meltdown:

The Investigations and Prosecutions ContinueThe Investigations and Prosecutions Continue

WhoWho’’s to Blame?s to Blame?

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SEC settlements with major investment banking houses

Largest attempt by enforcement agencies to hold Wall Street accountable for its role in the toxic subprime mortgage debacle

SEC’s rough road to this enforcement action

SEC Settlements/Fraud Allegations with Wall Street Banks

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“SEC Levels Case Against Ex‐Officers of IndyMac”

SEC charged three former senior executives 

with fraud

Failure to adequately disclose to investors

information about the Company’s deteriorating financial condition in 2007 and 

2008

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“SEC Levies Record Fine Against India Accounting Firm”

India affiliate of PricewaterhouseCoopers “routinely failed to follow the most basic audit procedures” – said the SEC

Satyam Computer Services –falsely reported more than $1 billion in profits

SEC and PCAOB fined PWC India  $7.5 million

Largest penalty ever against a foreign accounting firm

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“Ernst and Young Faces Civil Fraud Charges for Lehman Accounting”

Lehman’s use of Repo 105 accounting in question

Ernst & Young is fighting charges for allegedly failing to adequately follow up on a whistleblower’s claim that Lehman was misstating the value and size of its assets

“Ernst and Young is the only firm left to punish” –Why?

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“Criminal Investigations Against Auditors, Consultants of Kabul’s Central Bank Underway”

Afghan authorities plan to prosecute everyone responsible for Afghan’s central bank’s collapse – including the Afghan nationals and foreign entities

USAID hired BearingPoint and Deloitte Consulting LLP in 2003 to advise the central bank in developing the financial sector of the country and regulating commercial lenders

A U.S. government report said this month that at Kabul Bank, 

"fraudulent loans were used to divert $850 million to insiders reportedly representing 94% of the bank's outstanding loans."

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Key Trends Key Trends 

in FCPA Enforcementin FCPA Enforcement

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Increased Enforcement:

2010 saw unprecedented levels of enforcement of FCPA, more than double the 

financial penalties levied in 2009

Expanded Enforcement:

Greater resources devoted by  the Department of  Justice  (‘DOJ’) and Securities 

and Exchange Commission (‘SEC’) toward dedicated enforcement units

Industry‐wide sweeps; expansion of actions against non‐U.S. Companies

Enforcement actions against individuals being brought with increasing frequency 

and volume

Key Trends

Source: The Red Flag Group

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More Onerous Enforcement:Trend in cases towards more onerous penalties

New Tools for Enforcement: Dodd‐Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 

Enacted July, 2010 (‘Dodd‐Frank Act’)

Provides incentives and protection for whistleblowers

Non‐prosecution agreements 

Key Trends, Continued

Source: The Red Flag Group

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“We’re in a new era of FCPA enforcement; and we are here to stay.”

(AAG Breuer; November 16, 2010)

Between DOJ and SEC criminal fines, disgorgements, civil penalties and 

prejudgment interest more than $1.8 Billion was recovered in funds from 

companies in violation of the FCPA, more than double that in 2009

Increased Enforcement

Source: The Red Flag Group

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The number of corporate and individual enforcement actions 

increased 85% overall in 2010 over 2009; 

DOJ and SEC actions totaled 74.

*Source: Gibson Dunn & Crutcher

Increased Enforcement, Continued

Source: The Red Flag Group

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Greater Resources being devoted by DOJ/SEC:

Significant increase in funds and resources being devoted to enforcement of FCPA provisions

Dedicated enforcement units

New Financial Sector/Banking probe January, 2011

Industry‐wide sweeps:

Significant amount of FCPA actions now part of a multi‐defendant or industry‐wide investigation

Strong collaboration between FCPA regulators and enforcement agencies

Recent cases suggest expanded and more proactive enforcement of FCPA and a focus on  non‐U.S. companies.

Increasing focus on prosecution of individuals:

So‐called ‘Shot Show’ sting: 22 individuals arrested in largest single investigation and operation against individuals in history of FCPA

Expanded Enforcement

Source: The Red Flag Group

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Recent trend in case law towards more onerous penalties for companies:

8 of the top 10 monetary settlements in FCPA history occurred in 2010

Technip,  Snamprogetti and  BAE cases  all  imposed  combined  penalties  in  excess  of 

$350 million

Daimler,  Panalpina &  Alcatel cases  all  imposed  combined  penalties  around  $100 

million

First instance of a company being “put out of business” by FCPA enforcement action: 

NEXUS Technologies.

Continuing trend in case law towards pursing individuals:

Individuals receiving increasing fines and jail sentences .

Most severe sentence imposed in PECC case of 87 months and $1.1 Million in fines.

More Onerous Enforcement

Source: The Red Flag Group

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Dodd‐Frank Act incentives provide increased protection for whistleblowers

SEC’s finalized rule changes and 

guidance under the Act have 

just undergone a public comment 

period – Ended December 31, 2010

New Tools for Enforcement

Source: The Red Flag Group

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Rewards tipsters with payments ranging from 10% to 30% of any penalties or 

disgorgements of $1 million or more.

“How a Whistleblower Conquered Countrywide”

Michael G. Winston, former executive at Countrywide Financial 

‐Won and awarded $3.8 million in damages

SEC Proposed Whistleblower Bounty Program

Page 31: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

The Need for Continuous Monitoring: The Need for Continuous Monitoring: 

New COSO Monitoring GuidanceNew COSO Monitoring Guidance

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Issued January 2009

Useful guidance (with many examples) available from COSO)

Goal:  Compliance “365 days a year” versus “last day of the fiscal year”

Compliance

Operatio

ns

Financia

lRep

orting

FUNCTIONS

BUS

UNITS

Control Environment

Risk Assessment

Control Activities

Information and Communications

Monitoring

COSO Monitoring Guidance

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New Monitoring Guidance

Source: COSO – Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission

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1. Establish a foundation for monitoring

2. Design and execute monitoring procedures

3. Assess and report results to appropriate personnel

4. Monitoring can be outsourced to others

The New Monitoring Guidance ‐Four Steps

“COSO continues to provide outstanding tools that should be embraced in order 

to sustain an effective reliable U.S. reporting system and provide the kind of 

ethical leadership needed in today’s global economy.”

Steve Austin  |  Turbo Charge Your SOX Program with the New COSO Monitoring Guidance  | 7/8/10

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COSO Guidance Tools

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New Tools to Keep Fraud Out of your Financials

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January 2010 – National Fraud Authority published the first Annual Fraud Indicator

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SWENTRACK� is a cost‐effective, web‐based tool to help simplify SOX compliance efforts.

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Looking Forward to the Challenges Ahead

Battle for hearts and minds

U.S. led “Global Reformation”

Reducing excess government interventionism

Maintaining global ethics leadership

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The MBA Oath is a voluntary student‐led pledge that asks graduating MBAs to make a commitment towards responsible and ethical behavior

I will refrain from corruption, unfair competition, 

or business practices harmful to society

http://mbaoath.org

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Reflections on My Recent Teachings 

of SOX, IFRS and Ethics to accounting 

professionals in China

Page 42: Understanding the Latest Developments in Financial Fraud

Thank youThank you

Stephen G. Austin, CPA MBAStephen G. Austin, CPA [email protected]

Swenson Advisors, LLPSwenson Advisors, LLPwww.SwensonAdvisors.com