understanding universities and the needs of faculty robert emery, drph, chp, cih, csp, rbp, chmm,...
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Understanding Universities Understanding Universities and the Needs of Facultyand the Needs of Faculty
Robert Emery, DrPH, CHP, CIH, CSP, RBP, CHMM, CPP, ARMAssistant Vice President for Safety, Health, Environment & Risk Management
The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonAssociate Professor of Occupational Health
The University of Texas School of Public Health
22CA EH&S Academy 2008CA EH&S Academy 2008
BackgroundBackground
EH&S programs play an important role within EH&S programs play an important role within universities, but….universities, but….
EH&S staff understanding and appreciation for EH&S staff understanding and appreciation for how universities work is often lackinghow universities work is often lacking Patently obvious from recurrent discussions in the Patently obvious from recurrent discussions in the
UTS EH&S AcademyUTS EH&S Academy courses and multiple EH&S courses and multiple EH&S program peer reviewsprogram peer reviews
The better we as a profession understand our The better we as a profession understand our clients, the better service we can provideclients, the better service we can provide
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Covey’s 5Covey’s 5thth Habit Habit
““seek to understand, then be seek to understand, then be understoodunderstood””
(The 7 Habits of Highly Successful (The 7 Habits of Highly Successful People)People)
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ObjectivesObjectives
Describe the three main university Describe the three main university constituencies, and the relative importance of constituencies, and the relative importance of eacheachDescribe how a person becomes a faculty Describe how a person becomes a faculty membermemberDescribe what a faculty member does, and how Describe what a faculty member does, and how they are measuredthey are measuredExplain the underlying basis for some of the Explain the underlying basis for some of the common critiques of facultycommon critiques of facultyDiscuss measures that can be taken by EH&S Discuss measures that can be taken by EH&S programs to improve services to facultyprograms to improve services to faculty
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Three Main ConstituenciesThree Main Constituencies
StudentsStudents
FacultyFaculty
Staff (Administration)Staff (Administration)
Who is most important? Who is most important?
What group is “necessary and sufficient” to What group is “necessary and sufficient” to achieve the missions of the institution?achieve the missions of the institution?
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University Core MissionsUniversity Core Missions
TeachingTeaching
ResearchResearch
ServiceService
Where do the funds come from to Where do the funds come from to do this work?do this work?
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Major Current-Fund Revenue Sources for All Public Degree-Granting Institutions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1996-97 2000-01
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Dis
trib
uti
on
Other
Federal Grants and Contracts
Tuition and Fees
Sales and Services
State Appropriations
Source: U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics 2003.
Revenue at Public Institutions(from NACUBO Website)
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Major Current-Fund Revenue Sources for All Private Degree- Granting Institutions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1980-81 1985-86 1990-91 1995-96
Per
cen
tag
e D
istr
ibu
tio
n
Other
Endow ment Income
Private Gifts and Grants
Federal Grants and Contracts
Sales and Services
Tuition and Fees
Source: U.S Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Digest of Education Statistics 2003.
Revenue at Private Institutions(from NACUBO Website)
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What is it EH&S Wants from What is it EH&S Wants from Faculty?Faculty?
Complete training, have staff trainedComplete training, have staff trainedRead, understand and comply with rulesRead, understand and comply with rulesMaintain inventoriesMaintain inventoriesFill out, return formsFill out, return formsWork safelyWork safelyReport events, accidents, injuriesReport events, accidents, injuriesClean up messesClean up messesDispose of waste properlyDispose of waste properlyServe as model for othersServe as model for others
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Becoming a Faculty MemberBecoming a Faculty Member
Develop a keen interest and aptitude in an Develop a keen interest and aptitude in an areaareaComplete terminal degreeComplete terminal degreePost doctoral fellowship?Post doctoral fellowship?Job search (Job search (Chronicle of Higher EducationChronicle of Higher Education))Recruitment, promises?Recruitment, promises?HiringHiringContract, perhaps yearly or 5-7 yrsContract, perhaps yearly or 5-7 yrs
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Tenure Track vs. Non Tenure TrackTenure Track vs. Non Tenure Track
Faculty positions come in two main Faculty positions come in two main classesclassesTenure definitionTenure definition a statement by the university: “we place value a statement by the university: “we place value
on what you have to say”on what you have to say” establishes securityestablishes security
Finite number of tenure track positionsFinite number of tenure track positionsNon tenure track positions can be added Non tenure track positions can be added (or deleted) more easily(or deleted) more easily
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Faculty HierarchyFaculty Hierarchy
AdjunctAdjunct
Instructor, Lecturer, or Research Instructor, Lecturer, or Research AssociateAssociate
Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor
Associate ProfessorAssociate Professor
ProfessorProfessor
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Faculty HierarchyFaculty Hierarchy
Non Tenure Non Tenure TrackTrack
Tenure TrackTenure Track
Assistant Assistant ProfessorProfessor
Associate Associate ProfessorProfessor
ProfessorProfessor
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How Faculty are Measured?How Faculty are Measured?
Teaching Teaching Class taught, guest lectures, student Class taught, guest lectures, student
evaluationsevaluations
ResearchResearch Funded grants, scholarly (peer reviewed) Funded grants, scholarly (peer reviewed)
publications, abstractspublications, abstracts
ServiceService Editorial boards, committees, advisory panelsEditorial boards, committees, advisory panels
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Generic Process StepsGeneric Process StepsSchool, school, schoolSchool, school, schoolDissertation, defenseDissertation, defensePost-doctoral trainingPost-doctoral trainingLand faculty positionLand faculty position sign contractsign contract teaching, research, teaching, research,
serviceserviceStart up money?Start up money?Preliminary results?Preliminary results? Remember, Remember,
inherent to inherent to research is failureresearch is failure
Seeking supportSeeking support who funds your kind of who funds your kind of
work?work? what’s the business plan?what’s the business plan? what’s the science?what’s the science? what will it cost?what will it cost? necessary reviewsnecessary reviews
Initial rejection (success rate Initial rejection (success rate may be 1 in 3 or 1 in 4)may be 1 in 3 or 1 in 4)Re-apply, more formsRe-apply, more formsTeach, serviceTeach, service
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Generic Process StepsGeneric Process Steps
Notification of awardNotification of award not as much as you not as much as you
neededneeded not coming when not coming when
you need ityou need it
Periodic progress Periodic progress reportsreports
Eventual resultsEventual results
Inability to bank fundsInability to bank funds
Submit for publication, Submit for publication, critical reviewcritical review
Renew, continue?Renew, continue?
On track for On track for promotion, tenure, promotion, tenure, career change?career change?
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Why Be a Faculty Member?Why Be a Faculty Member?
Rewards of teachingRewards of teaching
Excitement and rewards of discoveryExcitement and rewards of discovery
Intellectual stimulationIntellectual stimulation
Elevated status by being associated with Elevated status by being associated with universityuniversity
Professional achievementProfessional achievement
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Peer ReviewPeer Review
Faculty are “hard wired” for critical reviewFaculty are “hard wired” for critical review
Scholarly work must be constantly Scholarly work must be constantly defended – it’s the basis of the processdefended – it’s the basis of the process
Hence, faculty often apply critical review to Hence, faculty often apply critical review to other institutional aspects as wellother institutional aspects as well
Expect critical review, but don’t take it Expect critical review, but don’t take it personallypersonally
Address concerns and move onAddress concerns and move on
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Faculty FrustrationFaculty Frustration
Anything that interferes with actual Anything that interferes with actual teaching, research, or serviceteaching, research, or service InterruptionsInterruptions Apparent bureaucracyApparent bureaucracy Chores, meetingsChores, meetings ““Pushing down” of tasksPushing down” of tasks Impediments to getting grants out the doorImpediments to getting grants out the door
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The Great IronyThe Great Irony
Research, by definition, is doing work that Research, by definition, is doing work that has not been done beforehas not been done before
Yet, funding agencies and institutions Yet, funding agencies and institutions demand timelines and budgets to describe demand timelines and budgets to describe how this will be donehow this will be done
Thus, from the onset, faculty are frustrated Thus, from the onset, faculty are frustrated with the process, yet it is essential to with the process, yet it is essential to successsuccess
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Indirect Cost RecoveryIndirect Cost Recovery
The cost of overhead negotiated between The cost of overhead negotiated between the university and the funding agencythe university and the funding agency
An amount of money above and beyond An amount of money above and beyond the direct cost of the researchthe direct cost of the research
A constant source of contention between A constant source of contention between faculty and administrationfaculty and administration
Funds awarded to institution, but wouldn’t Funds awarded to institution, but wouldn’t have been awarded without faculty efforthave been awarded without faculty effort
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Contracts vs. GrantsContracts vs. Grants
A “contract” is a business arrangement for the A “contract” is a business arrangement for the supply of certain goods or services at a fixed supply of certain goods or services at a fixed priceprice
A “grant” is the formal bestowing or transfer of A “grant” is the formal bestowing or transfer of funds, in hopes that some societal benefit may funds, in hopes that some societal benefit may occur (“occur (“cast money upon the waters…cast money upon the waters…”)”)
What about “grants” with “subcontracts in” or What about “grants” with “subcontracts in” or “subcontracts out”?“subcontracts out”?
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Pre-award and Post-awardPre-award and Post-award
Pre-award processPre-award process Division, department, Division, department,
school reviews and school reviews and approvalsapprovals
Scientific reviewsScientific reviews Human subjects, animals, Human subjects, animals,
hazardous materialshazardous materials Other collaborators and Other collaborators and
associated ICR, reviewsassociated ICR, reviews Cost sharing, waiversCost sharing, waivers DeadlinesDeadlines
Post award processPost award process Award receiptAward receipt Account set upAccount set up Subcontracts in or outSubcontracts in or out Time and effort reportingTime and effort reporting Expenditure reviewsExpenditure reviews Progress reportsProgress reports Subcontractor complianceSubcontractor compliance RenewalsRenewals terminationsterminations
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Promotion and TenurePromotion and Tenure
At pre-determined time, faculty member At pre-determined time, faculty member will apply for promotion, tenure or both – in will apply for promotion, tenure or both – in effect “up or out”effect “up or out”Teaching, research, service outcomes Teaching, research, service outcomes assessed by peers both internal and assessed by peers both internal and external to the universityexternal to the universityVote (secret ballot?)Vote (secret ballot?)Outcome – promotion or no promotion, Outcome – promotion or no promotion, tenure or no tenuretenure or no tenure
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Conceptual TimelineConceptual Timeline
Assume complete bachelors degree at age 22Assume complete bachelors degree at age 22Pursue masters, doctorate: +6 yrsPursue masters, doctorate: +6 yrsPost doctoral fellowship: +4 yrsPost doctoral fellowship: +4 yrsFirst faculty job – sign 7 yr contract, by 5First faculty job – sign 7 yr contract, by 5 thth year year will be able to predict PT success or failurewill be able to predict PT success or failure
That’s 15 years of career uncertainty! (now at That’s 15 years of career uncertainty! (now at age 37)age 37)If one fails, professional options greatly limited, If one fails, professional options greatly limited, given the time and effort investedgiven the time and effort investedTalk about stress!!!!!Talk about stress!!!!!
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Other Faculty ComplaintsOther Faculty Complaints
Not enough time – too many demandsNot enough time – too many demands
Genuine love for one aspect, but impacts Genuine love for one aspect, but impacts outcomes in others –balance is importantoutcomes in others –balance is important
““Didn’t realize I would be a small business Didn’t realize I would be a small business operator”operator”
Too much paperworkToo much paperwork
Absence of “bridging funds”Absence of “bridging funds”
Interfering with academic freedomInterfering with academic freedom
Lack of mentoringLack of mentoring
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Common EH&S Complaints About Common EH&S Complaints About FacultyFaculty
Last minuteLast minute
Pack ratPack rat
IrritableIrritable
Doesn’t complyDoesn’t comply
Constantly criticizes policiesConstantly criticizes policies
““Creative”Creative”
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Typical Administrative Response to Typical Administrative Response to Client ConcernsClient Concerns
1 person - a fruitcake1 person - a fruitcake2 persons – fruitcake and friend2 persons – fruitcake and friend3 persons – troublemakers3 persons – troublemakers5 persons – let’s have a meeting5 persons – let’s have a meeting10 persons – we’d better listen10 persons – we’d better listen25 persons – our dear friends25 persons – our dear friends50 persons – a powerful organization50 persons – a powerful organization
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Suggestions for EH&S ProgramsSuggestions for EH&S Programs
Ensure that every staff member understands the Ensure that every staff member understands the needs of facultyneeds of facultyInvite faculty to department to talk about their Invite faculty to department to talk about their work and the challenges they facework and the challenges they faceMake the department apply for a grant or two, Make the department apply for a grant or two, and manage itand manage it Even better if some portion of salary “put at risk”Even better if some portion of salary “put at risk”
Have department staff attend seminars and Have department staff attend seminars and “research days” to see the outcomes of the work “research days” to see the outcomes of the work they supportthey support
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Suggestions for EH&S ProgramsSuggestions for EH&S Programs
Have director (and others if possible) get Have director (and others if possible) get active faculty positionsactive faculty positions
Design systems with faculty challenges in Design systems with faculty challenges in mind – make it simple and non-invasivemind – make it simple and non-invasive
Solicit faculty feedback – don’t assume Solicit faculty feedback – don’t assume you know what is bestyou know what is best
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SummarySummary
The faculty are key component of any institution The faculty are key component of any institution of higher learningof higher learningThe challenges that face faculty are daunting – The challenges that face faculty are daunting – must constantly demonstrate success in must constantly demonstrate success in teaching, research and serviceteaching, research and serviceDevelop and understand needs of the faculty, Develop and understand needs of the faculty, and design systems with these needs in mindand design systems with these needs in mindSolicit feedbackSolicit feedbackShow how your program furthers the mission of Show how your program furthers the mission of the institution!the institution!