70%  

20%  

10%  

Wet  waste   Recyclable   Inert  

Reference:  Disc

ussio

ns  with

 MCG

 

0  

100  

200  

300  

400  

500  

600  

700  

800  

High  income  household   Low  income  household  

Waste  per  person  pe

r  day  (g)  

Organic   Grit   PlasIc   Paper   Glass   Reference:  Shristhi  and

 TER

I  

Household  waste  composi1on  

Background  

•  Economic  growth  ….  •  Any  limits  to  growth?  •   We  have  more  than  enough  industrial  capacity  for  car  

manufacture,  but  we  are  near  the  limits  of  road-­‐space  and  throughput  capacity  

•  In  fact,  the  limits  to  growth  do  not  come  from  scarcity  in  supply,  but  from  the  damage  to  the  environment  and  health  associated  with  the  use  of  resources  

•  The  limits  to  resource  use  lie  on  the  consump>on  side  of  economic  ac1vity,  not  the  supply  side  

Background  –  the  linear  economy  

 

Environment  depleIon    

distribuIon   consumpIon  producIon  of  goods  

 

primary    producIon  

POS- Point of Sale private consumption

Target of economical system

Environment  discharge    

disposal  

Background  –  the  linear  economy  

 Efficiency of Material Flows in actual commercial systems

depleIon   distribuIon   consumpIon  producIon  of  goods  

primary    producIon  

POS-Point of Sale – private consumption:

Approx. 10%

Products, never reaching the POS:

Approx. 90%

discharge  disposal  

Environment    

The  produc1on  of  just  one  PC  

•  Needs  appr.  16  –  19  tons  of  resources    (a  car  needs  appr.  28  tons)    

•  Appr.  700  different  substances,    appr.  3,000  l  water  and  2,000  kWh  electricity  

•  During  produc1on  appr.  60  kg  of  hazardous  waste  is  generated  (FCHW  and  acids  )    

•  Life  1me  of  individual  parts  is  up  to  20  years,  the  pc  however  is  replaced  aYer  2  to  4  years  

Reference: sustainable management – mindset-values-action

Projected  need  for  2  planet  by  2050  

1900 2100 2002 2050

Reference: Wuppertal Institute

 says the other: “Yes, I suffer from homo sapiens"

A planet meets the other: “You do look bad!"

 The first one answers: “Don´t worry, this will pass!"

Moving  away  from  the  linear  economy  

…  towards  a  circular  economy  

Recycling  is  good,  but  …  What  else  can  we  do?  

 What  else  can  we  do?  

We  can  say  

to  

Not  just  Recycling  …  

24 | TOWARDS THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

2. From linear to circularContinued

FIGURE 6 The circular economy—an industrial system that is restorative by design

Farming/collection1

Biochemical feedstock

Restoration

Biogas

Anaerobic digestion/ composting

Extraction of biochemical feedstock2

Cascades

Collection

Energy recovery

Leakage to be minimised

Parts manufacturer

Product manufacturer

Service provider

Landfill

Collection

User

Biosphere

Mining/materials manufacturing

Technical nutrients

Recycle

Refurbish/remanufacture

Reuse/redistribute

Maintenance

1 Hunting and fishing2 Can take both post-harvest and post-consumer waste as an inputSource: Ellen MacArthur Foundation circular economy team

6 2803 0006 9

Consumer

Biological nutrients

The drive to shift the material composition of consumables from technical towards biological nutrients and to have those cascade through different applications before extracting valuable feedstock and finally re-introducing their nutrients into the biosphere, rounds out the core principles of a restorative circular economy. Figure 6 illustrates how technological and biological nutrient-based products and materials cycle through the economic system, each with their own set of characteristics—which will be detailed later in this chapter.

What  is  waste?  

Output  we  do  not  want  to  have!  Or  …  we  do  not  know  how  to  use!  

Emissions air

Energy

Product

Input P

roce

ss

Emissions water

Waste

Output we do not want to have

Waste  management  -­‐    

is  more  than  simply  arranging  dust  bins  in  the  city!    

Ø  Compliance  with  MSW  Rules  Ø  Integrated  approach  to  waste  management  Ø  InformaIon/moIvaIon  Ø  ConInuous  controlling  

Instead  of  just  managing  waste,  we  need  to  first  manage  our  aVtude  towards  waste!  

Waste  can  be  ...  

Avoided &Reduced

(minimise inputsincrease efficiency)

Changeraw

material

Changeprocess

Changetechnology

Good House-keeping

Servicesinstead

of products

Change product

I.

Recycled

Withinthe process

Insidethecompany

externally

II.

Disposed of

Reductionof the volume

De-toxi-fication

Stabilisation

Energetically

III.Properly!!

Avoided &Reduced

(minimise inputsincrease efficiency)

Changeraw

material

Changeprocess

Changetechnology

Good House-keeping

Servicesinstead

of products

Change product

I.

Recycled

Withinthe process

Insidethecompany

externally

II.

Disposed of

Reductionof the volume

De-toxi-fication

Stabilisation

Energetically

III.Properly!!

Integrated waste management

Reuse  and  manpower  

•   An  increase  of  reuse  and  remanufacturing,  corresponds  to  subs1tu1ng  labour  for  energy  

•   Skilled  and  experienced  craYsmen  repair  and  manufacture  in  compara1vely  small  workshops  wherever  goods  need  to  be  repaired  and  there  is  a  market  for  them  

•   These  workshops  are  usually  located  in  rural  or  urban  area  with  high  unemployment,  making  reuse  a  double  acrac1ve  proposi1on  

Approaches – suitable for India

Prac1cal  op1ons  Reduce  •  Packaging  •  Borrow  –  don’t  buy!  •  ….  

Reuse  •  Cloth  bags  for  shopping  •  Cans,  juice  bocles  •  Clothes,  books,  toys  …  •  Both  sides  of  paper      

Prac1cal  op1ons  Segregate  Waste  to  obtain  Wealth  •  Bio  waste  

–  Vegetable  oils  –  filter  and  use  –  Bio  mass  –  Bio  Digester  (Methane  gas  +  fer1liser)    

–  Compos1ng  •  Oil  –  recyle  (re-­‐refining  and  reuse)  •  Paper  and  wood  –  reuse  before  recyling  •  Plas1cs  (no  burning!)  –  reuse  before  recycling  •  Packing  materials  –  use  natural  packing    

Clean Technologies

Closed-loop waste management 6

Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.

Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.

The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.

Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.

Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry

The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof

Source: Pectcof12

Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.

Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.

The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.

The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.

Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar

Source: Worn Again13

Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.

Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.

The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.

Clean Technologies

Closed-loop waste management 6

Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.

Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.

The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.

Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.

Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry

The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof

Source: Pectcof12

Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.

Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.

The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.

The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.

Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar

Source: Worn Again13

Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.

Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.

The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.

Coffee pulp is “waste”

Clean Technologies

Closed-loop waste management 6

Problem 1 – The separation process used in coffee production results in major waste of coffee pulp surrounding the bean. Not used, this pulp waste is often being disposed of, and represents a danger to the environment.

Innovative solution 1 – Pectcof has developed a biorefinery solution which is based on green chemistry and biotechnology. The innovative process consists in collecting the pulp waste, shipping it to the Netherlands, extracting the product (pectin) from the waste and introducing it to its perspective markets.

The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and therefore has a positive impact on the environment.

Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from coffee pulp with applications in the food products and pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the new process.

Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry

The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof

Source: Pectcof12

Problem 2 – End of life textile products and clothes are often thrown away. There is a need to leverage on this textile waste.

Innovative solution 2 – Worn Again has been developing a chemical textile recycling technology and closed loop resource model for the past 2 1/2 years. This technology separates and recaptures polyester and cellulose from the end of use textiles with the intention of turning it back into equivalent virgin resources at the same quality and price.

The solution that Worn Again is introducing aims to solve a current problem of the recycling industry. This includes the inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate this hurdle.

The company has received large press coverage when it was collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste materials into new products, to closed loop recycling technology development. The company is currently partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring routes to industrialisation.

Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar

Source: Worn Again13

Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic devices and accessories.

Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their devices more often.

The company is aiming at two types of clients for the collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly, the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging markets, where the demand for such products is high.

Staff old uniforms made into bags for the staff

Municipal  Solid  Waste  (Management  and  Handling)  Rules,  2000    

All  urban  local  bodies  …    waste  collec1on,  segrega1on,  storage,  transporta1on,  processing  and  disposal  …    By  31-­‐Dec-­‐2003  !  

A  MSW  management  success  story…  

“Whatever  you  may  do  may  seem  insignificant  to  you,  but  it’s  most  

important  that  you  do  it”    

       -­‐  Mahatma  Gandhi  

Thank  you  for  your  acen1on    

For  addi,onal  informa,on,  please  contact:    

STENUM  Asia  Sustainable  Development  Society  SFF  101,  Palam  Triangle,  Palam  Vihar,  Gurgaon  122017  www.stenum-­‐asia.org    

Rajat  BATRA    9811051918  rajat.batra@stenum-­‐asia.org