unicef social protection work an overview show and tell on social protection bonn, 2011 unicef and...
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UNICEF Social Protection Work an overview
Show and Tell on Social Protection Bonn, 2011
• UNICEF and social protection– Rationale:
• Equity approach• Social protection and children
– Child-Sensitive Social Protection– Guiding Principles– On-going work– Agenda for action– Work with Partners: Social Protection Floor
Presentation Outline
Kendra GregsonSenior Advisor, Social Welfare and Justice Systems
Child Protection Systems: Mapping and Assessment
1. From issues to systems – a convergence of academics and practitioners, of countries from all income levels
2. What is a system – definitions and components
3. System typologies
4. Mapping and assessment
5. Results – systems change
Outline of presentation
“…to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child…”
Prevention and Response
Child Protection (CRC Article 19)
• 51 million children not registered at birth
• 1.2 million children trafficked worldwide yearly
• 158 million child labourers (5-14 years) in developing countries
• 250,000 children associated with armed forces and groups in 20 countries
• + 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS
• 1 million children are in detention, many before trial
• 500 million to 1.5 billion children experience violence annually in the form of physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in the home, school, community and institutional settings
DATA (estimates)
VERTICAL PROGRAMMING• Working on a specific area or issue – narrow target group
and results sought• Focus on the isolated chain from problem to solution• Technocratic
SYSTEMS APPROACH• Whole child – variety of responses• Nesting and reverberation• Social-technical
Vertical Programming > Systems Approach
Fragmentation – children face multiple issues, institutions exposed to children with multiple risks
Resources – multiple administrations
Economic crisis, situations of fragility – lack of capacity to respond
Prevention – to reduce the likelihood of the risk
Public perception – demand to do more (for specific concerns)
Complexities – multiple actors, multiple answers
Learnings from other sectors – health, education
Why the shift from issues to systems
Child protection systems comprise the set of laws, policies, regulations and services needed across all social sectors — especially social welfare, education, health, security and justice — to support prevention and response to protection related risks. (UNICEF 2008)
Child Protection Systems
Adapting a Systems Approach (UNICEF, UNHCR, Save the Children)
World Vision
UN High Commissioner for Refugees
Save the Children
UNICEF 2010 UNHCR 2010 World Vision 2011 Save the Children 2010
structures coordination coordination, cooperation and collaboration mechanisms
Meaningful coordination across government and between sectors at different levels
children's resilience, life skills and participation
Children’s voices and participation
aware and supportive publicfunctions legal & policy laws, policies, standards
and regulationsCP laws and policies, compliant with the CRC & international standards
Effective regulation, minimum standards, and oversight
capacities capacities capacities A skilled child protection workforce Adequate funding
continuum of care
prevention & response services
services & service delivery mechanisms
Preventive & responsive services
process of care
circle of care
accountability knowledge & data
accountability Knowledge & data on CP issues & good practices
advocacy & awareness raising
Nesting – systems within systems
Reverberation – interactions within and between systems
Actors – children, families; public, private
In/formal – statutory, customary
Additional features of Child Protection Systems
Child Protection – abuse a result of poor/bad parenting and child requires protection (US, UK, Australia…) (Gilbert 2007)
Family Service – abuse a problem of family dysfunction that arose from social difficulties, and that respond to family support (Nordic, Continental) (Gilbert 2007)
Child Focus – child as an individual with an independent relationship to the state; concern is child’s overall development and wellbeing (Gilbert et al 2011)
Community Care – issues arise due to the disconnect between the customary & dominant culture within the child protection system (New Zealand/Maori) (Freymond et al 2006)
Typologies – Social Norms and Determinants
• Clear picture of the structure and function of the CP system and the actors engaged
• Effectiveness and efficiency• Understand the linkages and
relationships• Recognise the interactions
between core & allied sectors
Goal is to identify actions to strengthen the child protection system
Mapping and Assessment
WCAR Interagency – influenced by community caring model; relationship between statutory and customary practices (Child Frontiers)
UNHCR – relationship of the refugee population with the CP system of the country they are located
UNICEF Global – low & middle income adaptable, synthesize what is known to identify & prioritize actions to strengthen CP system (Maestral Int’al)
Mapping and Assessment Tools
General Country Information
System Overview
Continuum of Care
Resource Mobilis./Fiscal Accountab.
Summary & Strategy Development
Terminology
Basic Information &
Risk ProfileGlobal Context
Policy Context
Data for Decisionmakin
gSummary Charts & Tables
Structures, Functions & CapacitiesSpecific
Ministries (Core)
Specific Ministries
(Secondary)Ministry Strategy
&PrioritiesCommunity Structures, Functions, Capacities
Children &JusticeJustice Process
Civil Society
Annexes
Summary of PrioritiesMoving Forward
Sector Costing Tool
Capacity Costing
Bibliography
UNICEF Global Toolkit
• To examine specifically the social service workforce (East and Southern Africa)
• To ensure inclusion of children and families in the mapping and identification of priorities (e.g. Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia)
• Specific tools have been developed such as in Kosovo to look specifically at minority groups, in Cambodia to look at the community resources and capacities
• Overlying focus – Bhutan and disability
Supplementary Tools
• Stakeholders – who, where, what• Plan – who does what, what are the
boundaries• Customise – uniqueness of the context• Synthesise – what we know, what we do not
know, what we need to know• Verify – review and consolidate• Programme – the real purpose
Process
• Laws, Policies, Standards and Regulations• Cooperation, coordination and collaboration• Capacity building• Service and service delivery mechanism• Communication, education, and
mobilisation for change• Financial resources• Accountability mechanisms
Priorities
Child Protection Structures, Functions and Capacities ToolKenya
1C. Children in Justice Mapping and AssessmentNote: Please answer the questions that are relevant to system relating to children in justice. If a category or question is Not Applicable (N.A.), please record N.A.
NAME OF LEAD JUSTICE MINISTRY/AGENCY:Provide an organigram of the children in justice sector.
Ministry Overview
QuestionFormal Responsibilities or
Requirements Strengths/WeaknessesI. STRUCTURES
Describe the connections and coordination between this Ministry and other national ministries and agencies in the area of child protection.
Formal hierarchy from National to District level. The NCCS is the umbrella body. Other line ministries include: Labour, Health, Finance, Local Government and Education
Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of justice are not represented in a merit council setup. (W) NCCS is an attempt to draw a system / multisectoral approach to children's issues. Issues regarding children are fragmented (W). Lack of specifically designed children's' court. (only 4). Independence of NCCS from the Ministry to be able to control children matters and coordinate all sectors.
Which of the Ministry's subsidiary units (departments, agencies, etc.) at the national level have responsibility for children in justice?
Children's' Department, Probation and After care Services, Police, Provincial Admin., Prisons Dept.,
Specifically trained officers (S). Lack of prosecutionpowers (W).
Describe any regional level of the Ministry, and its relationship to the national level.
Provincial, Coordination, Ensure compliance . Dissemination of information. Link with Headquarters and field.
Inadequate implementation of policies, inadequate tech. capacities, limited resources. Coordination and dissemination of info is a strength. Planning as well. Forms linkage btn national and local level.
Systems Change – KenyaMedium Term Expenditure Framework
Strengthening the Legal and Policy Framework for Child Protection, amendments to the Children’s Act, harmonizing legislation
Improving the Organization, Management and Administration of Child Protection - clarify the roles, responsibilities, and partnership
Enhancing the Quality and Access of Child Protection Services and Benefits: improve access to and quality of services and benefits, including staff recruitment, retention and training
Strengthening the Capacity of the Justice System to Respond to Children’s Needs: improve access to and quality of services, for all children who have any relationship with the justice system, including the development of a child friendly court and police system
• Angola• Azerbaijan• Bhutan• Botswana• Burundi• Cambodia• Central African
Republic• Cote d’Ivoire• DRC• Egypt• Ethiopia
• Ghana• Guatemala• Kazakhstan• Kenya• Kosovo• Kyrgyzstan• Lebanon• Malawi• Mozambique• Namibia• Niger• Pakistan
• Rwanda• Senegal• Sierra Leone• Somalia• Tanzania• Tunisia• Uganda• Uzbekistan• Yemen• Zambia• Zimbabwe
Mapping and Assessment
Systems Exist - Common components,
Systems are a product of their environment – relationship of in/formal; who are the actors and how they engage; what drives the CP system
Use – clear identification of policy and political entry points key to implement results; how will the evidence be used
CP on the agenda – collaborative process, key stakeholders
Process – for a paradigm shift, for new partnerships
Stakeholders – all need to be involved including children and families
Findings from Mapping Process
Thank you
http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58022.html#core