unification of china. zhou feudalism nobles, lords, allowed to use land that belonged to king owe...
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Unification of China
Zhou • Feudalism
• Nobles, lords, allowed to use land that belonged to king
• Owe loyalty and military to king
• Lords began to think of themselves as independent kings
• “Warring States Period”
“Warring States Period”
Qin Dynasty
• Legalist
• Shi Huangdi – “First Emperor”
• Stopped Battles
• Defeated Invaders
Shi Huangdi
• “Strengthened trunk, weakening branches”
• All nobles must live in capital
• Murdered Confucian scholars
• “Useless” Books burned
Autocracy
• Gov’t has unlimited power and uses it whenever they want
Centralization
• Highways – 4,000 mi long
• Unification of everything– Writing, law, currency, weights and measures– Irrigation projects– Trade increases– Taxes increase, repressive gov’t
Great Wall
• Work on Wall or Die
Fall of Qin
• Shi Huangdi’s son Weaker
• Han Dynasty took over
Terra Cotta Soldiers
Confucius – born 551 BC
• Zhou – Decline
• Studied, taught hist, music, morals
• Time of Crisis and Violence
Confucius
• 5 Basic Relationships
• Ruler and Subject
• Father and Son
• Husband and Wife
• Older Bro and Young Bro
• Friend and Friend
Confucius - Filial Piety
• Respect for parents and ancestors
• Devote life to parents
• Honor them after death
Confucius
• Wanted rulers to govern wisely
• Became Minister of Justice– Crime went away– Analects
Confucius – Gov’t
• Edu is key to becoming gentlemen
• Bureaucracy – Trained civil service…many different officials
• Ethical System– Right vs. Wrong
Daoism
• “The Way”• Of creatures, humans fail to
follow “the way”• Natural order, more
important than social order• Universal force guides all
things• Humans should live simply
and in harmony with nature
Legalism
• Highly efficient and powerful gov’t
• Rich rewards for carrying out duties well
• Disobedient Punished
• Controlled Peoples ideas and actions
• Can’t criticize gov’t
I Ching
• Book that helped people live happy lives
Yin and Yang
• 2 Powers represent natural rhythms of life
• Yin-cold, dark soft, mysterious
• Yang – warm, bright, hard, clear
• Together - Harmony